Authentication and Billing for Dynamic Wireless EV Charging in an Internet of Electric Vehicles Article Swipe
Eiman ElGhanam
,
Ibtihal Ahmed
,
Mohamed S. Hassan
,
Ahmed Osman
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13100257
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13100257
Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) is a promising technology to charge Electric Vehicles (EV) using on-road charging segments (CS), also known as DWC pads. In order to ensure effective utilization of this on-the-road charging service, communication and coordination need to be established between the EVs and the different network entities, thereby forming an Internet of Electric Vehicles (IoEV). In an IoEV, EVs can utilize different V2X communication modes to enable charging scheduling, load management, and reliable authentication and billing services. Yet, designing an authentication scheme for dynamic EV charging presents significant challenges given the mobility of the EVs and the short contact time between the EVs and the charging segments. Accordingly, this work proposes a fast, secure and lightweight authentication scheme that allows only authentic EVs with valid credentials to charge their batteries while ensuring secure and fair payments. The presented scheme starts with a key pre-distribution phase between the charging service company (CSC) and the charging pad owner (PO), followed by a hash chain and digital signature-based registration and authentication phase between the EV and the CSC, before the EV reaches the beginning of the charging lane. These preliminary authentication phases allow the authentication between the EVs and the charging segments to be performed using simple hash key verification operations prior to charging activation, which reduces the computational cost of the EVs and the CS. Symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography are utilized to secure the communication between the different network entities. Analysis of the computational and transmission time requirements of the proposed authentication scheme shows that, for an EV traveling at 60 km/h to start charging at the beginning of the charging lane, the authentication process must be initiated at least 1.35 m ahead of the starting point of the lane as it requires ≃81 ms to be completed.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13100257
- https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/10/257/pdf?version=1633743221
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 28
- References
- 55
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3201962314
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W3201962314Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13100257Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Authentication and Billing for Dynamic Wireless EV Charging in an Internet of Electric VehiclesWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2021Year of publication
- Publication date
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2021-10-08Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Eiman ElGhanam, Ibtihal Ahmed, Mohamed S. Hassan, Ahmed OsmanList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13100257Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/10/257/pdf?version=1633743221Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/10/257/pdf?version=1633743221Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Computer science, Authentication (law), Computer network, Hash function, Electric vehicle, Wireless, Key (lock), Computer security, Telecommunications, Quantum mechanics, Power (physics), PhysicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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28Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 3, 2024: 11, 2023: 5, 2022: 7, 2021: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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55Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2618464070, https://openalex.org/W2772734097, https://openalex.org/W2790123537, https://openalex.org/W2890778288, https://openalex.org/W3126926457, https://openalex.org/W3091533641, https://openalex.org/W2898883979, https://openalex.org/W2344176906, https://openalex.org/W2745208014, https://openalex.org/W2028276056, https://openalex.org/W3092582111, https://openalex.org/W2908339226, https://openalex.org/W2964233842, https://openalex.org/W3017180860, https://openalex.org/W2955165168, https://openalex.org/W2946568100, https://openalex.org/W3001523552, https://openalex.org/W2156018077, https://openalex.org/W2803979726, https://openalex.org/W3174938955, https://openalex.org/W3094659037, https://openalex.org/W2609729060, https://openalex.org/W3001774639, https://openalex.org/W2984221606, https://openalex.org/W2766145112, https://openalex.org/W2963891069, https://openalex.org/W3083409278, https://openalex.org/W3034812164, https://openalex.org/W2264424045, https://openalex.org/W2050191815, https://openalex.org/W2903550207, https://openalex.org/W2724307885, https://openalex.org/W2972291801, https://openalex.org/W2013613544, https://openalex.org/W3129844607, https://openalex.org/W2097067054, https://openalex.org/W1607519173, https://openalex.org/W1560199719, https://openalex.org/W3116982270, https://openalex.org/W2741093273, https://openalex.org/W2741168784, https://openalex.org/W2773522454, https://openalex.org/W3112823074, https://openalex.org/W2546659839, https://openalex.org/W2963369928, https://openalex.org/W2980052617, https://openalex.org/W6736297618, https://openalex.org/W2781824405, https://openalex.org/W2963775970, https://openalex.org/W3021462936, https://openalex.org/W2897988018, https://openalex.org/W2980693850, https://openalex.org/W2789827290, https://openalex.org/W4290476437, https://openalex.org/W2606941310 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.m | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.60 | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EV | 86, 173, 179, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 23, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 51, 58, 81, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 20, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 260, 266, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 39, 202, 277, 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ms | 295 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.to | 8, 25, 38, 67, 128, 201, 211, 232, 263, 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CS. | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DWC | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EVs | 43, 60, 96, 104, 124, 196, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.V2X | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 35, 44, 73, 76, 97, 105, 116, 135, 153, 164, 168, 174, 197, 222, 226, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 84, 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 144, 207, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pad | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 42, 45, 92, 95, 98, 103, 106, 148, 154, 172, 175, 178, 181, 184, 192, 195, 198, 216, 220, 223, 234, 237, 243, 250, 267, 270, 273, 285, 289 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.1.35 | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CSC, | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Yet, | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 18 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.fair | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hash | 162, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.km/h | 262 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.work | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CS), | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CSC) | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(DWC) | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PO), | 158 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.These | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ahead | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.allow | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chain | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fast, | 114 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.lane. | 186 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.short | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shows | 254 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.that, | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 130 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.valid | 126 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.ensure | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phases | 190 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.secure | 115, 134, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simple | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.starts | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IoEV). | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Dynamic | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 41, 102, 147, 171, 194, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.billing | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.company | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contact | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.digital | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamic | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forming | 50 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.reduces | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.service | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thereby | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.utilize | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Analysis | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Electric | 10, 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Internet | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Vehicles | 11, 55 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.signature-based | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pre-distribution | 145 |
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| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5067211662 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I199440890 |
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| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |