Autoimmune and infectious encephalitis: development of a discriminative tool for early diagnosis and initiation of therapy Article Swipe
Tobias Moser
,
Joachim Gruber
,
Eirini Mylonaki
,
Vincent Böhm
,
Daniel Schwarzenhofer
,
Anna R. Tröscher
,
Eva Lenzenweger
,
Ingomar Krehan
,
Eva Söllradl
,
Markus Leitinger
,
Raimund Helbok
,
Eugen Trinka
,
Tim J. von Oertzen
,
Judith Wagner
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-024-12712-7
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-024-12712-7
Background Encephalitis originates from diverse autoimmune and infectious etiologies. Diagnostic challenges arise due to the spectrum of presentation and the frequent absence of specific biomarkers. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize and differentiate autoimmune encephalitis (AE) from infectious encephalitis (IE) in adults, and disentangle clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic differences. Methods A cohort study spanning 10 years was conducted across three Austrian tertiary care hospitals. Inclusion criteria comprised adults with probable or definite encephalitis. Demographics, clinical features, technical findings, treatment modalities, and outcomes were collected from the electronic patient files. A follow-up was performed via telephone interviews and clinical visits. Results Of 149 patients, 17% had AE, 73% IE, and 10% encephalitis of unknown etiology. Significant differences between AE and IE included the prevalence of acute symptomatic seizures (AE: 85% vs. IE: 20%, p < 0.001), fever (8% vs. 72%, p < 0.001), headache (15% vs. 61%, p < 0.001), and focal neurological deficits (56% vs. 23%, p = 0.004), respectively. Paraclinical differences comprised lower CSF pleocytosis in AE compared to IE (median 6 cells/µl vs. 125 cells/µl, p < 0.001). Epileptic discharges on EEG and MRI lesions were more prevalent in AE than IE (50% vs. 14%, p < 0.001; 50% vs. 28%, p = 0.037). The modified Rankin Scale scores at discharge and last follow-up (median duration 2304 days, IQR 1433–3274) indicated favorable outcomes in both groups. Conclusion This comprehensive analysis provides insights into the epidemiology, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic aspects and the outcomes of AE and IE in adults. We developed a diagnostic tool that facilitates early differentiation between AE and IE, aiding in timely therapeutic decision-making.
Related Topics
Concepts
Medicine
Autoimmune encephalitis
Etiology
Encephalitis
Neurology
Internal medicine
CSF pleocytosis
Cohort
Pediatrics
Demographics
Immunology
Meningitis
Virus
Psychiatry
Demography
Sociology
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-024-12712-7
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 3
- References
- 52
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4403150839
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4403150839Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-024-12712-7Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Autoimmune and infectious encephalitis: development of a discriminative tool for early diagnosis and initiation of therapyWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-10-05Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Tobias Moser, Joachim Gruber, Eirini Mylonaki, Vincent Böhm, Daniel Schwarzenhofer, Anna R. Tröscher, Eva Lenzenweger, Ingomar Krehan, Eva Söllradl, Markus Leitinger, Raimund Helbok, Eugen Trinka, Tim J. von Oertzen, Judith WagnerList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-024-12712-7Publisher landing page
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-024-12712-7Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Medicine, Autoimmune encephalitis, Etiology, Encephalitis, Neurology, Internal medicine, CSF pleocytosis, Cohort, Pediatrics, Demographics, Immunology, Meningitis, Virus, Psychiatry, Demography, SociologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
3Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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52Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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