Barriers to Universal Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in US Jails Article Swipe
Elizabeth Flanagan
,
Lori J. Ducharme
,
Bruce G. Taylor
,
Phoebe A. Lamuda
,
Marynia Kolak
,
Peter D. Friedmann
,
Harold A. Pollack
,
John A. Schneider
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340
Importance Many of the approximately 2 million people being held in US correctional facilities are experiencing an opioid use disorder (OUD). Providing medications for OUD (MOUD) to this population is, therefore, essential to curb the opioid crisis. Objective To examine the types of MOUD jails are making available, factors associated with availability, and additional supports needed for jails to address implementation challenges. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study used a cross-sectional survey of jails conducted between February 2 and July 1, 2023, to explore how they administer MOUD. Publicly available county-level data were connected with the survey responses to assess how variables in the surrounding community were associated with MOUD availability. The survey was administered to jails via mail, telephone, and online survey link. Participants included jails with MOUD available that completed the survey. Exposures Urbanization, average daily population, availability of a health care professional to administer MOUD, whether the state expanded Medicaid, average drive time to MOUD in the county, county overdose rate, and county social vulnerability were assessed. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the type of MOUD available in the jail, including buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone, or all 3 medications. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to identify the characteristics of jails and county-level factors associated with offering the medications. Results A total of 462 jails were invited to complete the survey based on responses to a previous nationally representative survey of jails, in which they indicated that MOUD was available to individuals in their facility. A total of 265 US jails with MOUD available were included in the analysis, representative of 1243 jails nationwide with MOUD available after weighting (812 jails [65.3%] provided buprenorphine, 646 jails [52.0%] provided naltrexone, 560 jails [45.0%] provided methadone, and 343 jails [27.6%] provided all 3 medications). Availability was associated with urbanicity, location in a Medicaid expansion state, county opioid overdose rate, and county social vulnerability. Common challenges included jail policies and procedures and the logistical accessibility of the medication. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this survey study of US jails demonstrate that jails with MOUD available still experience challenges with making all 3 types of medication available to anyone held within their facility. Policy, regulatory, financing, staffing, and educational solutions are needed to ensure that all detainees with OUD have access to treatment while incarcerated.
Related Topics
Concepts
Opioid use disorder
Medicaid
Buprenorphine
Medicine
Population
Methadone
Logistic regression
Environmental health
Family medicine
Psychiatry
Health care
Opioid
Receptor
Economics
Economic growth
Internal medicine
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2832851/flanagan_balawajder_2025_oi_250226_1744215535.34676.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 36
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4409485325
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4409485325Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Barriers to Universal Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in US JailsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-04-16Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Elizabeth Flanagan, Lori J. Ducharme, Bruce G. Taylor, Phoebe A. Lamuda, Marynia Kolak, Peter D. Friedmann, Harold A. Pollack, John A. SchneiderList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2832851/flanagan_balawajder_2025_oi_250226_1744215535.34676.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2832851/flanagan_balawajder_2025_oi_250226_1744215535.34676.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Opioid use disorder, Medicaid, Buprenorphine, Medicine, Population, Methadone, Logistic regression, Environmental health, Family medicine, Psychiatry, Health care, Opioid, Receptor, Economics, Economic growth, Internal medicineTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
2Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
36Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4409485325 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40238097 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4409485325 |
| fwci | 12.94855242 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000188 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D009293 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | drug therapy |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Opioid-Related Disorders |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D009293 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Opioid-Related Disorders |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D014481 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | United States |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D003430 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Cross-Sectional Studies |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D006297 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Health Services Accessibility |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D000081702 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Jails |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D058850 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Opiate Substitution Treatment |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D008297 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Male |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D005260 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Female |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D002047 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Buprenorphine |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000600 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D002047 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | supply & distribution |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Buprenorphine |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D008691 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Methadone |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | Q000600 |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D008691 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | supply & distribution |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Methadone |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D011329 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Prisoners |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D009271 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Naltrexone |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | Q000600 |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D009271 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | supply & distribution |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Naltrexone |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D011795 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Surveys and Questionnaires |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D000701 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | Analgesics, Opioid |
| mesh[20].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[20].descriptor_ui | D009292 |
| mesh[20].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[20].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[20].descriptor_name | Narcotic Antagonists |
| mesh[21].qualifier_ui | Q000600 |
| mesh[21].descriptor_ui | D009292 |
| mesh[21].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[21].qualifier_name | supply & distribution |
| mesh[21].descriptor_name | Narcotic Antagonists |
| mesh[22].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[22].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[22].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[22].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[22].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[23].qualifier_ui | Q000188 |
| mesh[23].descriptor_ui | D009293 |
| mesh[23].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[23].qualifier_name | drug therapy |
| mesh[23].descriptor_name | Opioid-Related Disorders |
| mesh[24].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[24].descriptor_ui | D009293 |
| mesh[24].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[24].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[24].descriptor_name | Opioid-Related Disorders |
| mesh[25].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[25].descriptor_ui | D014481 |
| mesh[25].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[25].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[25].descriptor_name | United States |
| mesh[26].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[26].descriptor_ui | D003430 |
| mesh[26].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[26].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[26].descriptor_name | Cross-Sectional Studies |
| mesh[27].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[27].descriptor_ui | D006297 |
| mesh[27].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[27].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[27].descriptor_name | Health Services Accessibility |
| mesh[28].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[28].descriptor_ui | D000081702 |
| mesh[28].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[28].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[28].descriptor_name | Jails |
| mesh[29].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[29].descriptor_ui | D058850 |
| mesh[29].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[29].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[29].descriptor_name | Opiate Substitution Treatment |
| mesh[30].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[30].descriptor_ui | D008297 |
| mesh[30].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[30].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[30].descriptor_name | Male |
| mesh[31].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[31].descriptor_ui | D005260 |
| mesh[31].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[31].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[31].descriptor_name | Female |
| mesh[32].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[32].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[32].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[32].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[32].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[33].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[33].descriptor_ui | D002047 |
| mesh[33].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[33].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[33].descriptor_name | Buprenorphine |
| mesh[34].qualifier_ui | Q000600 |
| mesh[34].descriptor_ui | D002047 |
| mesh[34].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[34].qualifier_name | supply & distribution |
| mesh[34].descriptor_name | Buprenorphine |
| mesh[35].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[35].descriptor_ui | D008691 |
| mesh[35].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[35].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[35].descriptor_name | Methadone |
| mesh[36].qualifier_ui | Q000600 |
| mesh[36].descriptor_ui | D008691 |
| mesh[36].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[36].qualifier_name | supply & distribution |
| mesh[36].descriptor_name | Methadone |
| mesh[37].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[37].descriptor_ui | D011329 |
| mesh[37].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[37].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[37].descriptor_name | Prisoners |
| mesh[38].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[38].descriptor_ui | D009271 |
| mesh[38].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[38].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[38].descriptor_name | Naltrexone |
| mesh[39].qualifier_ui | Q000600 |
| mesh[39].descriptor_ui | D009271 |
| mesh[39].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[39].qualifier_name | supply & distribution |
| mesh[39].descriptor_name | Naltrexone |
| mesh[40].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[40].descriptor_ui | D011795 |
| mesh[40].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[40].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[40].descriptor_name | Surveys and Questionnaires |
| mesh[41].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[41].descriptor_ui | D000701 |
| mesh[41].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[41].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[41].descriptor_name | Analgesics, Opioid |
| mesh[42].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[42].descriptor_ui | D009292 |
| mesh[42].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[42].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[42].descriptor_name | Narcotic Antagonists |
| mesh[43].qualifier_ui | Q000600 |
| mesh[43].descriptor_ui | D009292 |
| mesh[43].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[43].qualifier_name | supply & distribution |
| mesh[43].descriptor_name | Narcotic Antagonists |
| mesh[44].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[44].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[44].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[44].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[44].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[45].qualifier_ui | Q000188 |
| mesh[45].descriptor_ui | D009293 |
| mesh[45].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[45].qualifier_name | drug therapy |
| mesh[45].descriptor_name | Opioid-Related Disorders |
| mesh[46].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[46].descriptor_ui | D009293 |
| mesh[46].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[46].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[46].descriptor_name | Opioid-Related Disorders |
| mesh[47].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[47].descriptor_ui | D014481 |
| mesh[47].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[47].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[47].descriptor_name | United States |
| mesh[48].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[48].descriptor_ui | D003430 |
| mesh[48].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[48].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[48].descriptor_name | Cross-Sectional Studies |
| mesh[49].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[49].descriptor_ui | D006297 |
| mesh[49].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[49].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[49].descriptor_name | Health Services Accessibility |
| type | article |
| title | Barriers to Universal Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in US Jails |
| biblio.issue | 4 |
| biblio.volume | 8 |
| biblio.last_page | e255340 |
| biblio.first_page | e255340 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10576 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2739 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health |
| topics[0].display_name | Opioid Use Disorder Treatment |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10043 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9977999925613403 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| topics[1].display_name | Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11678 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/32 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Psychology |
| topics[2].score | 0.9972000122070312 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3203 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Clinical Psychology |
| topics[2].display_name | Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 3000 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 3000 |
| apc_paid.value | 3000 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 3000 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2779418921 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7871644496917725 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639178 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Opioid use disorder |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2776534028 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7333916425704956 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141363 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Medicaid |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2778949969 |
| concepts[2].level | 4 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7014415264129639 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407721 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Buprenorphine |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6900479197502136 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2908647359 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5689056515693665 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Population |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2778767360 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.48186931014060974 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179996 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Methadone |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C151956035 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4466995298862457 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Logistic regression |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C99454951 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.39643916487693787 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Environmental health |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C512399662 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.39238572120666504 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Family medicine |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C118552586 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.34449276328086853 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Psychiatry |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C160735492 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.21875786781311035 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Health care |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C2781063702 |
| concepts[11].level | 3 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.20082217454910278 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Opioid |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C170493617 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Receptor |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C50522688 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Economic growth |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-use-disorder |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7871644496917725 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Opioid use disorder |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicaid |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7333916425704956 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Medicaid |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/buprenorphine |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7014415264129639 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Buprenorphine |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6900479197502136 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/population |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5689056515693665 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Population |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/methadone |
| keywords[5].score | 0.48186931014060974 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Methadone |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4466995298862457 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Logistic regression |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health |
| keywords[7].score | 0.39643916487693787 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Environmental health |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine |
| keywords[8].score | 0.39238572120666504 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Family medicine |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry |
| keywords[9].score | 0.34449276328086853 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Psychiatry |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care |
| keywords[10].score | 0.21875786781311035 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Health care |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid |
| keywords[11].score | 0.20082217454910278 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Opioid |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210217848 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2574-3805 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2574-3805 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | JAMA Network Open |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320259 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | American Medical Association |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320259 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2832851/flanagan_balawajder_2025_oi_250226_1744215535.34676.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | JAMA Network Open |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40238097 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | JAMA network open |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40238097 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12004198 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | JAMA Netw Open |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12004198 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5032974627 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6326-2628 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Elizabeth Flanagan |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I169222155, https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I169222155 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/045v7ay82 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169222155 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Chicago Department of Public Health |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/024mw5h28 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | University of Chicago |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Elizabeth Flanagan Balawajder |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5007325510 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5130-4643 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Lori J. Ducharme |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1299303238, https://openalex.org/I1327069482 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1327069482 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00fq5cm18 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299022934, https://openalex.org/I1299303238, https://openalex.org/I1327069482 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | National Institute on Drug Abuse |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01cwqze88 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | government |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299022934, https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | National Institutes of Health |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Lori Ducharme |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029902311 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-1438 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Bruce G. Taylor |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I169222155, https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I169222155 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/045v7ay82 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169222155 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Chicago Department of Public Health |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/024mw5h28 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | University of Chicago |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Bruce G. Taylor |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5057867413 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0302-4465 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Phoebe A. Lamuda |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I169222155, https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I169222155 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/045v7ay82 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169222155 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Chicago Department of Public Health |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/024mw5h28 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | University of Chicago |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Phoebe A. Lamuda |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039658378 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6070-9167 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Marynia Kolak |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/047426m28 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Marynia Kolak |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5038972815 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3585-3604 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Peter D. Friedmann |
| authorships[5].countries | US |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I166722992, https://openalex.org/I4210123955 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Office of Research, Baystate Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Springfield |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210123955 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02x011m46 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210123955 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Baystate Health |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I166722992 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0464eyp60 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I166722992 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Peter D. Friedmann |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Office of Research, Baystate Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Springfield |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5070812397 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1629-1175 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Harold A. Pollack |
| authorships[6].countries | US |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I169222155, https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I169222155 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/045v7ay82 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169222155 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Chicago Department of Public Health |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/024mw5h28 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | University of Chicago |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Harold A. Pollack |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5011335669 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7870-5639 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | John A. Schneider |
| authorships[7].countries | US |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I169222155, https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I169222155 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/045v7ay82 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169222155 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Chicago Department of Public Health |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/024mw5h28 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I40347166 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | University of Chicago |
| authorships[7].author_position | last |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | John A. Schneider |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2832851/flanagan_balawajder_2025_oi_250226_1744215535.34676.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Barriers to Universal Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in US Jails |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10576 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2739 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health |
| primary_topic.display_name | Opioid Use Disorder Treatment |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2606583128, https://openalex.org/W3183150022, https://openalex.org/W2519672434, https://openalex.org/W4211068096, https://openalex.org/W3000877141, https://openalex.org/W2012590588, https://openalex.org/W4399730973, https://openalex.org/W4310952463, https://openalex.org/W4377966838, https://openalex.org/W3098646455 |
| cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210217848 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2574-3805 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2574-3805 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | JAMA Network Open |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320259 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | American Medical Association |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320259 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2832851/flanagan_balawajder_2025_oi_250226_1744215535.34676.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | JAMA Network Open |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210217848 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2574-3805 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2574-3805 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | JAMA Network Open |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320259 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | American Medical Association |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320259 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2832851/flanagan_balawajder_2025_oi_250226_1744215535.34676.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | JAMA Network Open |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5340 |
| publication_date | 2025-04-16 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2156309997, https://openalex.org/W4226231332, https://openalex.org/W3111360449, https://openalex.org/W4400083681, https://openalex.org/W4380267104, https://openalex.org/W4319216359, https://openalex.org/W2327042539, https://openalex.org/W2999645458, https://openalex.org/W3205115907, https://openalex.org/W4280499814, https://openalex.org/W2183545136, https://openalex.org/W6686353757, https://openalex.org/W4210393203, https://openalex.org/W3000704569, https://openalex.org/W4308945118, https://openalex.org/W4311948521, https://openalex.org/W4399382629, https://openalex.org/W4281734063, https://openalex.org/W4402760374, https://openalex.org/W6678073763, https://openalex.org/W2020155291, https://openalex.org/W4213347040, https://openalex.org/W4388782326, https://openalex.org/W4377029926, https://openalex.org/W4386758324, https://openalex.org/W4382051243, https://openalex.org/W3149193178, https://openalex.org/W4289518225, https://openalex.org/W4387965434, https://openalex.org/W4224539916, https://openalex.org/W4391954347, https://openalex.org/W4280633669, https://openalex.org/W4238575579, https://openalex.org/W3023695194, https://openalex.org/W4231014834, https://openalex.org/W2122628094 |
| referenced_works_count | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2 | 5, 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3 | 194, 296, 355 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 216, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 70, 142, 231, 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1, | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.US | 11, 255, 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 10, 103, 159, 184, 238, 248, 262, 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 42, 73, 141, 181, 205, 218, 236, 253, 266, 328, 336, 340, 357 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 190, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 26, 32, 58, 83, 99, 116, 146, 157, 201, 223, 230, 246, 360, 375, 384 |
| abstract_inverted_index.265 | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.343 | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.462 | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.560 | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.646 | 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.OUD | 24, 381 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 112, 175, 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 193, 295, 354, 378 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 52, 64, 79, 121, 165, 173, 207, 290, 313, 322, 324, 332, 370 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 14, 45, 373 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 23, 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.how | 85, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is, | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 3, 34, 40, 96, 104, 133, 150, 160, 179, 185, 203, 213, 225, 263, 325, 329 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.via | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 114, 178, 244, 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(812 | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1243 | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.July | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MOUD | 43, 110, 129, 158, 182, 243, 258, 271, 347 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Main | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Many | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.care | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.curb | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 382 |
| abstract_inverted_index.held | 9, 362 |
| abstract_inverted_index.jail | 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 131, 242, 344, 377 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 86, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 27, 337 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.type | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 93, 107, 169, 199, 221, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 50, 95, 109, 128, 211, 257, 270, 301, 346, 352, 380 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2023, | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MOUD, | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MOUD. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.being | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.daily | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drive | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.jail, | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.jails | 44, 57, 74, 117, 127, 206, 220, 256, 268, 276, 281, 286, 292, 342, 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.link. | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mail, | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate, | 164, 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.still | 349 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 68, 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 249, 364 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 217, 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.types | 41, 356 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 386 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MOUD) | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(OUD). | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Binary | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Common | 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.access | 383 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anyone | 361 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assess | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.county | 162, 166, 309, 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ensure | 376 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.jails, | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.making | 46, 353 |
| abstract_inverted_index.needed | 55, 374 |
| abstract_inverted_index.online | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opioid | 17, 35, 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.people | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.social | 167, 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state, | 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survey | 67, 72, 97, 113, 123, 226, 235, 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 363 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Design, | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Policy, | 366 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.[27.6%] | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.[45.0%] | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.[52.0%] | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.[65.3%] | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.address | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 137, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.county, | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crisis. | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examine | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explore | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors | 48, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.invited | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.million | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcome | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primary | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survey. | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whether | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.February | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Measures | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Medicaid | 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Outcomes | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Publicly | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Setting, | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complete | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disorder | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expanded | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 126, 261, 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.location | 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.logistic | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offering | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overdose | 163, 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.policies | 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.previous | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provided | 278, 283, 288, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supports | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Exposures | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Medicaid, | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Objective | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Providing | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Relevance | 333 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis, | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessed. | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available | 90, 130, 183, 245, 259, 272, 348, 359 |
| abstract_inverted_index.community | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.completed | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 75, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.connected | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detainees | 379 |
| abstract_inverted_index.essential | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expansion | 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.facility. | 250, 365 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicated | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.responses | 98, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solutions | 372 |
| abstract_inverted_index.staffing, | 369 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 385 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variables | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weighting | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Importance | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.administer | 87, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 49, 108, 210, 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available, | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 318, 351 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experience | 350 |
| abstract_inverted_index.facilities | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.financing, | 368 |
| abstract_inverted_index.logistical | 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medication | 358 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methadone, | 189, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nationally | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nationwide | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.procedures | 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.telephone, | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therefore, | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions | 331 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges. | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 343 |
| abstract_inverted_index.educational | 371 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medication. | 330 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medications | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.naltrexone, | 191, 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population, | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regressions | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regulatory, | 367 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surrounding | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.urbanicity, | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Availability | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Participants | 65, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.administered | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.availability | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correctional | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.county-level | 91, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiencing | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medications. | 195, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.professional | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Urbanization, | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accessibility | 327 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approximately | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.availability, | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.availability. | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incarcerated. | 387 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medications). | 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vulnerability | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.buprenorphine, | 188, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementation | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.representative | 234, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vulnerability. | 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cross-sectional | 71 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 95 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8500000238418579 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Sustainable cities and communities |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.95323526 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |