Benchmarking and Studying the LLM-based Code Review Article Swipe

PDF

R. S. Shi , Yixin Li , Kang Sun , Yidong Wang , Rui Xie , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.01494

Automated Code Review (ACR) is crucial for software quality, yet existing benchmarks often fail to reflect real-world complexities, hindering the evaluation of modern Large Language Models (LLMs). Current benchmarks frequently focus on fine-grained code units, lack complete project context, and use inadequate evaluation metrics. To address these limitations, we introduce SWRBench , a new benchmark comprising 1000 manually verified Pull Requests (PRs) from GitHub, offering PR-centric review with full project context. SWRBench employs an objective LLM-based evaluation method that aligns strongly with human judgment (~90 agreement) by verifying if issues from a structured ground truth are covered in generated reviews. Our systematic evaluation of mainstream ACR tools and LLMs on SWRBench reveals that current systems underperform, and ACR tools are more adept at detecting functional errors. Subsequently, we propose and validate a simple multi-review aggregation strategy that significantly boosts ACR performance, increasing F1 scores by up to 43.67%. Our contributions include the SWRBench benchmark, its objective evaluation method, a comprehensive study of current ACR capabilities, and an effective enhancement approach, offering valuable insights for advancing ACR research.

Related Topics

Truth And Reconciliation Commission Of Canada

2025 Nba Draft

28 Years Later

Reich Ministry Of Public Enlightenment And Propaganda

Mahmood Mamdani

Rick Hurst

Fuck

Concepts

No concepts available.

Metadata

Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01494
PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01494
OA Status: green
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4416692581

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4416692581

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.01494

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Benchmarking and Studying the LLM-based Code Review

Work title
Type: preprint

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2025

Year of publication
Publication date: 2025-09-01

Full publication date if available
Authors: R. S. Shi, Yixin Li, Kang Sun, Yidong Wang, Rui Xie, Wei Ye, Shikun Zhang

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01494

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01494

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: green

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01494

Direct OA link when available
Cited by: 0

Total citation count in OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4416692581
doi	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.01494
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.01494
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4416692581
fwci
type	preprint
title	Benchmarking and Studying the LLM-based Code Review
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
language	en
locations[0].id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.01494
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
locations[0].source.issn
locations[0].source.type	repository
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l
locations[0].source.is_core	False
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01494
locations[0].version	submittedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	text
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	False
locations[0].is_published	False
locations[0].raw_source_name
locations[0].landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01494
locations[1].id	doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.01494
locations[1].is_oa	True
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	True
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[1].license	cc-by
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version
locations[1].raw_type	article
locations[1].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[1].is_accepted	False
locations[1].is_published
locations[1].raw_source_name
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.01494
indexed_in	arxiv, datacite
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5107859614
authorships[0].author.orcid
authorships[0].author.display_name	R. S. Shi
authorships[0].author_position	middle
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Shi, Ruikai
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100459848
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9663-9324
authorships[1].author.display_name	Yixin Li
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Li, Yixin
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5058424504
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-5114
authorships[2].author.display_name	Kang Sun
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Sun, Kaicheng
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100685716
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9969-8259
authorships[3].author.display_name	Yidong Wang
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Wang, Yidong
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5078075179
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2857-7480
authorships[4].author.display_name	Rui Xie
authorships[4].author_position	middle
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Xie, Rui
authorships[4].is_corresponding	False
authorships[5].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100448683
authorships[5].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-7788
authorships[5].author.display_name	Wei Ye
authorships[5].author_position	middle
authorships[5].raw_author_name	Ye, Wei
authorships[5].is_corresponding	False
authorships[6].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5058096102
authorships[6].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6628-4881
authorships[6].author.display_name	Shikun Zhang
authorships[6].author_position	middle
authorships[6].raw_author_name	Zhang, Shikun
authorships[6].is_corresponding	False
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01494
open_access.oa_status	green
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Benchmarking and Studying the LLM-based Code Review
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-28T20:48:59.438385
primary_topic
cited_by_count	0
locations_count	2
best_oa_location.id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.01494
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
best_oa_location.source.issn
best_oa_location.source.type	repository
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l
best_oa_location.source.is_core	False
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01494
best_oa_location.version	submittedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	text
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	False
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01494
primary_location.id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.01494
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
primary_location.source.issn
primary_location.source.type	repository
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l
primary_location.source.is_core	False
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01494
primary_location.version	submittedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	text
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	False
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name
primary_location.landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01494
publication_date	2025-09-01
publication_year	2025
referenced_works_count	0
abstract_inverted_index.,	51
abstract_inverted_index.a	52, 91, 131, 158
abstract_inverted_index.F1	142
abstract_inverted_index.To	44
abstract_inverted_index.an	73, 166
abstract_inverted_index.at	122
abstract_inverted_index.by	86, 144
abstract_inverted_index.if	88
abstract_inverted_index.in	97
abstract_inverted_index.is	4
abstract_inverted_index.of	21, 103, 161
abstract_inverted_index.on	31, 109
abstract_inverted_index.to	14, 146
abstract_inverted_index.up	145
abstract_inverted_index.we	48, 127
abstract_inverted_index.ACR	105, 117, 139, 163, 175
abstract_inverted_index.Our	100, 148
abstract_inverted_index.and	39, 107, 116, 129, 165
abstract_inverted_index.are	95, 119
abstract_inverted_index.for	6, 173
abstract_inverted_index.its	154
abstract_inverted_index.new	53
abstract_inverted_index.the	19, 151
abstract_inverted_index.use	40
abstract_inverted_index.yet	9
abstract_inverted_index.(~90	84
abstract_inverted_index.1000	56
abstract_inverted_index.Code	1
abstract_inverted_index.LLMs	108
abstract_inverted_index.Pull	59
abstract_inverted_index.code	33
abstract_inverted_index.fail	13
abstract_inverted_index.from	62, 90
abstract_inverted_index.full	68
abstract_inverted_index.lack	35
abstract_inverted_index.more	120
abstract_inverted_index.that	78, 112, 136
abstract_inverted_index.with	67, 81
abstract_inverted_index.(ACR)	3
abstract_inverted_index.(PRs)	61
abstract_inverted_index.Large	23
abstract_inverted_index.adept	121
abstract_inverted_index.focus	30
abstract_inverted_index.human	82
abstract_inverted_index.often	12
abstract_inverted_index.study	160
abstract_inverted_index.these	46
abstract_inverted_index.tools	106, 118
abstract_inverted_index.truth	94
abstract_inverted_index.Models	25
abstract_inverted_index.Review	2
abstract_inverted_index.aligns	79
abstract_inverted_index.boosts	138
abstract_inverted_index.ground	93
abstract_inverted_index.issues	89
abstract_inverted_index.method	77
abstract_inverted_index.modern	22
abstract_inverted_index.review	66
abstract_inverted_index.scores	143
abstract_inverted_index.simple	132
abstract_inverted_index.units,	34
abstract_inverted_index.(LLMs).	26
abstract_inverted_index.43.67%.	147
abstract_inverted_index.Current	27
abstract_inverted_index.GitHub,	63
abstract_inverted_index.address	45
abstract_inverted_index.covered	96
abstract_inverted_index.crucial	5
abstract_inverted_index.current	113, 162
abstract_inverted_index.employs	72
abstract_inverted_index.errors.	125
abstract_inverted_index.include	150
abstract_inverted_index.method,	157
abstract_inverted_index.project	37, 69
abstract_inverted_index.propose	128
abstract_inverted_index.reflect	15
abstract_inverted_index.reveals	111
abstract_inverted_index.systems	114
abstract_inverted_index.Language	24
abstract_inverted_index.Requests	60
abstract_inverted_index.SWRBench	50, 71, 110, 152
abstract_inverted_index.complete	36
abstract_inverted_index.context,	38
abstract_inverted_index.context.	70
abstract_inverted_index.existing	10
abstract_inverted_index.insights	172
abstract_inverted_index.judgment	83
abstract_inverted_index.manually	57
abstract_inverted_index.metrics.	43
abstract_inverted_index.offering	64, 170
abstract_inverted_index.quality,	8
abstract_inverted_index.reviews.	99
abstract_inverted_index.software	7
abstract_inverted_index.strategy	135
abstract_inverted_index.strongly	80
abstract_inverted_index.validate	130
abstract_inverted_index.valuable	171
abstract_inverted_index.verified	58
abstract_inverted_index.Automated	0
abstract_inverted_index.LLM-based	75
abstract_inverted_index.advancing	174
abstract_inverted_index.approach,	169
abstract_inverted_index.benchmark	54
abstract_inverted_index.detecting	123
abstract_inverted_index.effective	167
abstract_inverted_index.generated	98
abstract_inverted_index.hindering	18
abstract_inverted_index.introduce	49
abstract_inverted_index.objective	74, 155
abstract_inverted_index.research.	176
abstract_inverted_index.verifying	87
abstract_inverted_index.PR-centric	65
abstract_inverted_index.agreement)	85
abstract_inverted_index.benchmark,	153
abstract_inverted_index.benchmarks	11, 28
abstract_inverted_index.comprising	55
abstract_inverted_index.evaluation	20, 42, 76, 102, 156
abstract_inverted_index.frequently	29
abstract_inverted_index.functional	124
abstract_inverted_index.inadequate	41
abstract_inverted_index.increasing	141
abstract_inverted_index.mainstream	104
abstract_inverted_index.real-world	16
abstract_inverted_index.structured	92
abstract_inverted_index.systematic	101
abstract_inverted_index.aggregation	134
abstract_inverted_index.enhancement	168
abstract_inverted_index.fine-grained	32
abstract_inverted_index.limitations,	47
abstract_inverted_index.multi-review	133
abstract_inverted_index.performance,	140
abstract_inverted_index.Subsequently,	126
abstract_inverted_index.capabilities,	164
abstract_inverted_index.complexities,	17
abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive	159
abstract_inverted_index.contributions	149
abstract_inverted_index.significantly	137
abstract_inverted_index.underperform,	115
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	7
citation_normalized_percentile