Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in older adults: reference standards from a cross-sectional study Article Swipe
Francesco Campa
,
Giuseppe Annunziata
,
Luigi Barrea
,
Alessandro Sampieri
,
Chiara Ceolin
,
Marina De Rui
,
Francesco Sguaizer
,
Cristian Petri
,
Fabrizio Spataro
,
Gabriele Mascherini
,
Margherita Micheletti Cremasco
,
Giuseppe Sergi
,
Tatiana Moro
,
Antonio Paoli
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1640407
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1640407
Background and Aims The bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) requires population-specific references to correctly classify individuals based on body composition properties. The aim of this study was: (i) to develop new references specific to the older adult population; (ii) to evaluate vector patterns based on age and appendicular lean soft mass (ALMS); (iii) to compare the new references with others already existing in the literature. Methods The present study included 835 older adults [472 women (mean age 73.9 ± 7.4 years, BMI 27.2 ± 5.4 kg/m 2 ) and 363 men (mean age 73.1 ± 7.2 years, BMI 27.0 ± 4.4 kg/m 2 )]. Bioimpedance analysis was conducted using a phase-sensitive foot-to-hand technology at 50 kHz. Bioelectrical properties were analyzed among participants grouped by age categories and ALSM tertiles. New bivariate tolerance ellipses for resistance (R) and reactance (Xc), standardized by participants’ height (H), were compared with data from adult populations and the original BIVA references proposed by Piccoli in 1995 (ages 15–85). Results New reference values for older adults were established. Significant differences ( p < 0.001) in R/H and phase angle were observed when older adults were grouped by age categories, while R/H, Xc/H, and phase angle showed significant differences among ALSM/H 2 tertiles. The mean bioelectrical vector for older adults differed from the references in the literature, showing a moderate magnitude relative to Piccoli’s original BIVA references (men: D 2 = 0.6; women: D 2 = 0.5) and a larger magnitude compared to the adult standards (men: D 2 = 1.7; women: D 2 = 1.8). Conclusion This study provides BIVA references for older adults. Aging was associated with increased R/H and decreased phase angle, whereas older individuals with higher ALSM exhibited a greater phase angle and lower R/H, and Xc/H. The original BIVA references proposed in 1995 lack specificity and are no longer recommended for future use, as age-specific bioelectrical references are now available.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1640407
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1640407/pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 32
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4412582531
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4412582531Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1640407Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in older adults: reference standards from a cross-sectional studyWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-07-23Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Francesco Campa, Giuseppe Annunziata, Luigi Barrea, Alessandro Sampieri, Chiara Ceolin, Marina De Rui, Francesco Sguaizer, Cristian Petri, Fabrizio Spataro, Gabriele Mascherini, Margherita Micheletti Cremasco, Giuseppe Sergi, Tatiana Moro, Antonio PaoliList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1640407Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1640407/pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1640407/pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Phase angle (astronomy), Medicine, Cross-sectional study, Population, Bivariate analysis, Body mass index, Anthropometry, Age groups, Demography, Gerontology, Statistics, Mathematics, Internal medicine, Pathology, Environmental health, Physics, Astronomy, SociologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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2Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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32Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.kg/m | 85, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lack | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lean | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mass | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mean | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.soft | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use, | 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was: | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 118, 144, 170, 183, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 58, 146, 271, 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Xc), | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ages | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(iii) | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(mean | 75, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(men: | 230, 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.8). | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Aging | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Xc/H, | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Xc/H. | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adult | 36, 149, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 120, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.angle | 182, 198, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 16, 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.older | 35, 71, 168, 186, 211, 266, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase | 181, 197, 276, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 25, 68, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.women | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(BIVA) | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.001) | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ALSM/H | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adults | 72, 169, 187, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.angle, | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.height | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.larger | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longer | 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.others | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vector | 6, 41, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.women: | 235, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years, | 80, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ALMS); | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Piccoli | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adults. | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.already | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compare | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develop | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greater | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grouped | 122, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showing | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whereas | 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.&lt; | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 7, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.classify | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 145, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differed | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ellipses | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existing | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moderate | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.original | 153, 227, 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patterns | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 156, 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relative | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requires | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specific | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.15–85). | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bivariate | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correctly | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreased | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibited | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impedance | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.magnitude | 223, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reactance | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reference | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standards | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tertiles. | 128, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tolerance | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusion | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available. | 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.categories | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.references | 11, 31, 57, 155, 216, 229, 264, 297, 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistance | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technology | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Piccoli’s | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Significant | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.categories, | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.composition | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 173, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals | 15, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature, | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature. | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population; | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.populations | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties. | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recommended | 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specificity | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bioimpedance | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.age-specific | 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appendicular | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established. | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.foot-to-hand | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.participants | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standardized | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bioelectrical | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bioelectrical | 4, 208, 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.participants’ | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase-sensitive | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population-specific | 10 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 95 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5067384627 |
| countries_distinct_count | 3 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 14 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.93687927 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |