Bio‐Inspired Structural Color Irises as Physical Unclonable Functions for Anti‐Counterfeiting Article Swipe
Kongyu Ge
,
Yiming Hu
,
Jihong Yan
,
Jian Ding
,
Yifan Gao
,
Hongyu Yi
,
Zhan Li
,
Lingfei Cui
,
Shaowei Hu
,
Hongjun Ji
,
Mingyu Li
,
Ruobing Bai
,
Rongpei Shi
,
Huanhuan Feng
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202504771
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202504771
The global proliferation of high‐value commodities has the intensified demand for advanced anti‐counterfeiting solutions. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) present a viable authentication mechanism, yet existing implementations exhibit three critical limitations: suboptimal authentication accuracy, insufficient multi‐level security architecture, and dependence on costly and specialized equipment for verification. To address these issues, this work utilizes colloidal photonic crystals to fabricate PUF anti‐counterfeiting patterns spanning from the macro‐to‐micro scale. These patterns are integrated with the iris recognition algorithm to construct a multi‐layered optical anti‐counterfeiting system based on the structural color iris. This work experimentally and computationally demonstrates that the “Ring”‐type colloidal photonic crystals originate from the “coffee ring” effect. By modulating the “coffee ring” effect, the size of the colloidal photonic crystal iris patterns can be controlled, enabling switching between “Ring”‐type and “Dot”‐type colloidal photonic crystals. Furthermore, multiple characteristic parameters confirm that the PUF codes derived from encoded “Ring”‐type colloidal photonic crystal images exhibit uniqueness and readability. Finally, a multi‐layered anti‐counterfeiting system is constructed, comprising three components: structural color patterns, embedded “Morse codes” formed by “Ring”‐type and “Dot”‐type colloidal photonic crystals, and optical PUF labels based on the “Ring”‐type colloidal photonic crystals. This cost‐effective system enables low‐threshold, high‐performance structural color anti‐counterfeiting for premium products.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202504771
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.202504771
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 66
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4412174105
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4412174105Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202504771Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Bio‐Inspired Structural Color Irises as Physical Unclonable Functions for Anti‐CounterfeitingWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-07-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Kongyu Ge, Yiming Hu, Jihong Yan, Jian Ding, Yifan Gao, Hongyu Yi, Zhan Li, Lingfei Cui, Shaowei Hu, Hongjun Ji, Mingyu Li, Ruobing Bai, Rongpei Shi, Huanhuan FengList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202504771Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.202504771Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.202504771Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Structural coloration, Photonic crystal, Photonics, Ring (chemistry), Materials science, Colloidal crystal, Physical unclonable function, Nanotechnology, Coffee ring effect, Computer science, Optoelectronics, Colloid, Cryptography, Engineering, Algorithm, Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Chemical engineeringTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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66Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.construct | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crystals, | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crystals. | 133, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equipment | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fabricate | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.originate | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patterns, | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.products. | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.switching | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“coffee | 104, 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Unclonable | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprising | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dependence | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrated | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanism, | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modulating | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solutions. | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structural | 86, 165, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suboptimal | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uniqueness | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.commodities | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components: | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controlled, | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intensified | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recognition | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specialized | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Furthermore, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constructed, | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrates | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high‐value | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insufficient | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limitations: | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.readability. | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.architecture, | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi‐level | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proliferation | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verification. | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.authentication | 22, 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristic | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimentally | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computationally | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementations | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi‐layered | 79, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cost‐effective | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low‐threshold, | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“Dot”‐type | 130, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“Ring”‐type | 97, 128, 146, 173, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high‐performance | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.macro‐to‐micro | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anti‐counterfeiting | 13, 60, 81, 158, 198 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 14 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.92818802 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |