Biomechanical Diffusion Modelling of Postoperative Ocular Kinematics: A Novel Framework for Comparing LASIK versus Small Incision Lenticule Extraction Visual Outcomes Article Swipe
Saeed Alghamdi
,
Abdulaziz Asiri
,
Mohammed Youssif Al-Nasser
,
Khalid A. Habib
,
Abdullah S Alghamdi
,
Ghala Fahad Alzahrani
,
Ghala Mohammed Alzahrani
,
Rakan Abdulaziz Al Aliwi
,
Hussein Morfeq
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/atmr.atmr_130_25
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/atmr.atmr_130_25
Background: Traditional assessments, such as refraction and wavefront aberrometry, do not capture the temporal fluctuations in visual performance following refractive surgery. To address this limitation, we propose a biomechanical diffusion model that integrates corneal biomechanics with ocular kinematics to evaluate dynamic postoperative outcomes in LASIK and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods: The framework combines high-frequency three-dimensional eye tracking (1000 Hz, infrared-based) with physics-informed diffusion modelling. Corneal stiffness parameters, derived from elasticity measures, were incorporated into stochastic differential equations, while corneal topography maps (25,000 elevation points) were processed through a graph neural network to generate surgical context embeddings that modulate diffusion dynamics. Dynamic refractive error and saccadic precision were extracted within biomechanical constraints. A cohort of 120 myopic patients (60 LASIK, 60 SMILE; spherical equivalent −1.00D to −8.00D) underwent standardised visual tasks with eye-tracking, and clinical refraction was assessed at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Results: SMILE demonstrated faster kinematic stabilisation (28.2 ± 3.1 days vs. LASIK: 35.7 ± 4.2 days; P = 0.05), higher saccadic accuracy at 1 month (0.91 ± 0.04 vs. 0.86 ± 0.11) and lower trajectory prediction error (RMSE: 0.39 ± 0.09 vs. 0.48 ± 0.11). Simulated refractive outcomes correlated strongly with clinical measures, including contrast sensitivity (SMILE: r = 0.76 ± 0.07; LASIK: r = 0.71 ± 0.08) and patient-reported visual quality (SMILE: r = 0.72 ± 0.09; LASIK: r = 0.68 ± 0.10). Conclusion: SMILE achieved earlier stabilisation and superior kinematic precision compared with LASIK, reflecting distinct biomechanical effects of lenticule removal versus flap creation. The proposed model provides a novel framework for dynamic assessment of refractive surgery outcomes, with potential applications in personalised surgical planning and long-term visual quality prediction.
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- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.4103/atmr.atmr_130_25
- OA Status
- hybrid
- References
- 13
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4415741911
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https://openalex.org/W4415741911Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
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https://doi.org/10.4103/atmr.atmr_130_25Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Biomechanical Diffusion Modelling of Postoperative Ocular Kinematics: A Novel Framework for Comparing LASIK versus Small Incision Lenticule Extraction Visual OutcomesWork title
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articleOpenAlex work type
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enPrimary language
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2025Year of publication
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2025-07-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Saeed Alghamdi, Abdulaziz Asiri, Mohammed Youssif Al-Nasser, Khalid A. Habib, Abdullah S Alghamdi, Ghala Fahad Alzahrani, Ghala Mohammed Alzahrani, Rakan Abdulaziz Al Aliwi, Hussein MorfeqList of authors in order
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https://doi.org/10.4103/atmr.atmr_130_25Publisher landing page
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hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://doi.org/10.4103/atmr.atmr_130_25Direct OA link when available
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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13Number of works referenced by this work
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| abstract_inverted_index.context | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.corneal | 33, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.derived | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamic | 40, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.earlier | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.points) | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality | 219, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.removal | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surgery | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SMILE). | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods: | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results: | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessed | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 135, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combines | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contrast | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distinct | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generate | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incision | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modulate | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes | 42, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.planning | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.saccadic | 106, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strongly | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.superior | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surgery. | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surgical | 95, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temporal | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tracking | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.−1.00D | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Simulated | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.creation. | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diffusion | 29, 64, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamics. | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elevation | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extracted | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.following | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework | 53, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.kinematic | 152, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lenticule | 48, 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-term | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measures, | 72, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes, | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precision | 107, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processed | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spherical | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stiffness | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underwent | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wavefront | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.−8.00D) | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlated | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elasticity | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.embeddings | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equations, | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equivalent | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extraction | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrates | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.kinematics | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modelling. | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prediction | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflecting | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.refraction | 5, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.refractive | 19, 103, 194, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stochastic | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.topography | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trajectory | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background: | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusion: | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Traditional | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limitation, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters, | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prediction. | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensitivity | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aberrometry, | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessments, | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biomechanics | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constraints. | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differential | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluctuations | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incorporated | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.personalised | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standardised | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biomechanical | 28, 111, 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eye-tracking, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.postoperative | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stabilisation | 153, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-frequency | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infrared-based) | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patient-reported | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physics-informed | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.postoperatively. | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three-dimensional | 56 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 9 |
| citation_normalized_percentile |