Black-box testing in motor sequence learning Article Swipe
Pablo Maceira-Elvira
,
Jan E. Timmermann
,
Traian Popa
,
Anne‐Christine Schmid
,
John W. Krakauer
,
Takuya Morishita
,
Maximilian J. Wessel
,
Friedhelm C. Hummel
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.01.470563
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.01.470563
During learning of novel motor sequences, practice leads to the consolidation of hierarchical structures, namely motor chunks, facilitating the accurate execution of sequences at increasing speeds. Recent studies show that such hierarchical structures are largely represented upstream of the primary motor cortex in the motor network, suggesting their function to be more related to the encoding, storage, and retrieval of sequences rather than their sole execution. We isolated different components of motor skill acquisition related to the consolidation of spatiotemporal features and followed their evolution over training. We found that optimal motor skill acquisition relies on the storage of the spatial features of the sequence in memory, followed by the optimization of its execution and increased execution speeds (i.e., a shift in the speed-accuracy trade-off) early in training, supporting the model proposed by Hikosaka in 1999. Contrasting the dynamics of these components during ageing, we identified less-than-optimal mechanisms in older adults explaining the observed differences in performance. We applied noninvasive brain stimulation in an attempt to support the aging brain to compensate for these deficits. The present study found that anodal direct current stimulation applied over the motor cortex restored the mechanisms involved in the consolidation of spatial features, without directly affecting the speed of execution of the sequence. This led older adults to sharply improve their accuracy, resulting in an earlier yet gradual emergence of motor chunks. The results suggest the early storage of the sequence in memory, largely independent of motor practice, is crucial for an optimal motor acquisition and retrieval of this motor behavior. Nevertheless, the consolidation of optimal temporal patterns, detected as motor chunks at a behavioral level, is not a direct consequence of storing the sequence elements, but rather of motor practice.
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- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.01.470563
- https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/12/01/2021.12.01.470563.full.pdf
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 75
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3217568625
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W3217568625Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.01.470563Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Black-box testing in motor sequence learningWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-12-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Pablo Maceira-Elvira, Jan E. Timmermann, Traian Popa, Anne‐Christine Schmid, John W. Krakauer, Takuya Morishita, Maximilian J. Wessel, Friedhelm C. HummelList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.01.470563Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/12/01/2021.12.01.470563.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/12/01/2021.12.01.470563.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Motor learning, Computer science, Memory consolidation, Consolidation (business), Sequence learning, Motor skill, Primary motor cortex, Motor cortex, Neuroscience, Sequence (biology), Artificial intelligence, Psychology, Stimulation, Biology, Business, Hippocampus, Genetics, AccountingTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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2Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2022: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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75Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.execution. | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explaining | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasing | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 148, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequences, | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structures | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggesting | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supporting | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trade-off) | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Contrasting | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acquisition | 74, 94, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consequence | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.independent | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noninvasive | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.represented | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stimulation | 162, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structures, | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.facilitating | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hierarchical | 13, 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance. | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Nevertheless, | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consolidation | 11, 78, 196, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spatiotemporal | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.speed-accuracy | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.less-than-optimal | 147 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 96 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5075916057 |
| countries_distinct_count | 3 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114457229, https://openalex.org/I4210160687, https://openalex.org/I4210165539, https://openalex.org/I5124864 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5600000023841858 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Quality Education |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.52158608 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |