Blockchain for achieving accountable outsourcing computations in edge computing Article Swipe
Ruilin Lai
,
Gansen Zhao
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2022.12.024
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2022.12.024
Edge Computing as a paradigm, provides services of outsourcing computations to a large number of end users. Since edge nodes are trustless, the integration of sampling-based replication calculation and the blockchain is used to verify the correctness of computation results in a trustless environment. However, the blockchain with the nature of decentralization, is confronted with some problems of high resource consumption, such that the verification with computational overhead cannot be directly deployed on the blockchain. Thus, we propose an accountable verification scheme based on an off-chain block. The off-chain block meets some requirements of Edge Computing, i.e., reduced latency of services, and edge nodes with heterogeneous resources. The off-chain block tries to address two challenges for reliable outsourcing computations: (i) how to generate the block efficiently and securely, and (ii) how to achieve accountable verification. In detail, the block is based on a Directed Acyclic Graph, in which the transactions of computation results and verification reports are updated in full decentralization. The hash of the block is recorded on the blockchain. Moreover, the integration of off-chain verification and on-chain arbitration provides reliable verification. A trust evaluation model achieves accountability for edge nodes. Besides, we conducted the security analysis based on some performance properties. Finally, the Raspberry Pis are leveraged to simulate lightweight edge nodes to prove the scalability of our outsourcing computations. A consortium blockchain with groups is also implemented to reveal the efficiency of blockchain updates of the proposed scheme.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2022.12.024
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 39
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4313255892
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
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https://openalex.org/W4313255892Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2022.12.024Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Blockchain for achieving accountable outsourcing computations in edge computingWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2022Year of publication
- Publication date
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2022-12-27Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Ruilin Lai, Gansen ZhaoList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2022.12.024Publisher landing page
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2022.12.024Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Computer science, Distributed computing, Outsourcing, Block (permutation group theory), Scalability, Correctness, Blockchain, Hash function, Computer security, Database, Algorithm, Law, Political science, Geometry, MathematicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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4Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2024: 2, 2023: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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39Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.nature | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nodes. | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reveal | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.users. | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verify | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Acyclic | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieve | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.address | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detail, | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.latency | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reports | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 39, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme. | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.updated | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.updates | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Besides, | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Directed | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Finally, | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieves | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deployed | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directly | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generate | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on-chain | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overhead | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problems | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 5, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recorded | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliable | 116, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resource | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.security | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.services | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulate | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Computing | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Raspberry | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leveraged | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.off-chain | 85, 88, 108, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paradigm, | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.securely, | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.services, | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trustless | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Computing, | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blockchain | 30, 46, 224, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confronted | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consortium | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluation | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resources. | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trustless, | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accountable | 79, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.arbitration | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blockchain. | 74, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.calculation | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computation | 38, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correctness | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiently | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implemented | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integration | 23, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lightweight | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outsourcing | 8, 117, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties. | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.replication | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scalability | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computations | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consumption, | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment. | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requirements | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transactions | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verification | 64, 80, 154, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computational | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computations. | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computations: | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heterogeneous | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verification. | 134, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accountability | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sampling-based | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decentralization, | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decentralization. | 160 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 96 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5101818721 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 2 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I187400657 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5400000214576721 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Decent work and economic growth |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.84976943 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |