Boiling After the Dust Settles: Constraining First-Order Phase Transitions During Dark Energy Domination Article Swipe

PDF

Seth Koren , Yuhsin Tsai , Runqing Wang ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.07076

A first-order phase transition could occur in the late universe when vacuum energy begins dominating the energy density ($z \lesssim 0.3$) and convert some latent heat into other forms such as invisible radiation. This generic possibility also has concrete motivation in particle physics models which invoke a multitude of vacua to address theoretical puzzles. The naïve constraint on such an event comes from measurements of the Hubble expansion rate, but this can only probe transitions involving $\mathcal{O}(10)\%$ of the dark energy. In this work, we show that significantly tighter constraints appear when accounting for phase transition fluctuations affecting CMB photon propagation anisotropically, akin to the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. For instance, if a completed phase transition has $β/H_\star\lesssim 25$, current CMB data limits the associated vacuum energy released to less than $1\%$ of the dark energy. A transition to negative vacuum energy (quasi-anti-de Sitter) is allowed only for $β/H_\star \gtrsim 300$. For $β/H_\star \lesssim 500$, the universe will not crunch for at least $14$ Gyr.

Related Topics

The Day After Tomorrow

After Hours Til Dawn Tour

Dust Bowl

The Day After

Adobe After Effects

Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper Song)

After Sex (2007 Film)

Life After Beth

Friday After Next

After Midnight (Tv Series)

Death By Boiling

Sin After Sin

Concepts

No concepts available.

Metadata

Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07076
PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.07076
OA Status: green
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4416064987

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4416064987

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.07076

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Boiling After the Dust Settles: Constraining First-Order Phase Transitions During Dark Energy Domination

Work title
Type: preprint

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2025

Year of publication
Publication date: 2025-09-08

Full publication date if available
Authors: Seth Koren, Yuhsin Tsai, Runqing Wang

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07076

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.07076

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: green

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.07076

Direct OA link when available
Cited by: 0

Total citation count in OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4416064987
doi	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.07076
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.07076
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4416064987
fwci
type	preprint
title	Boiling After the Dust Settles: Constraining First-Order Phase Transitions During Dark Energy Domination
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
language	en
locations[0].id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.07076
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
locations[0].source.issn
locations[0].source.type	repository
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l
locations[0].source.is_core	False
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.07076
locations[0].version	submittedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	text
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	False
locations[0].is_published	False
locations[0].raw_source_name
locations[0].landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07076
locations[1].id	doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.07076
locations[1].is_oa	True
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	True
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[1].license	cc-by
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version
locations[1].raw_type	article
locations[1].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[1].is_accepted	False
locations[1].is_published
locations[1].raw_source_name
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.07076
indexed_in	arxiv, datacite
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5022466563
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-4171
authorships[0].author.display_name	Seth Koren
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Koren, Seth
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5058370540
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7847-225X
authorships[1].author.display_name	Yuhsin Tsai
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Tsai, Yuhsin
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5103271279
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9381-1296
authorships[2].author.display_name	Runqing Wang
authorships[2].author_position	last
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Wang, Runqing
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.07076
open_access.oa_status	green
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Boiling After the Dust Settles: Constraining First-Order Phase Transitions During Dark Energy Domination
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-28T10:15:05.136019
primary_topic
cited_by_count	0
locations_count	2
best_oa_location.id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.07076
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
best_oa_location.source.issn
best_oa_location.source.type	repository
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l
best_oa_location.source.is_core	False
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.07076
best_oa_location.version	submittedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	text
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	False
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07076
primary_location.id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.07076
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
primary_location.source.issn
primary_location.source.type	repository
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l
primary_location.source.is_core	False
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.07076
primary_location.version	submittedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	text
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	False
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name
primary_location.landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07076
publication_date	2025-09-08
publication_year	2025
referenced_works_count	0
abstract_inverted_index.A	0, 135
abstract_inverted_index.a	46, 111
abstract_inverted_index.In	81
abstract_inverted_index.an	59
abstract_inverted_index.as	30
abstract_inverted_index.at	160
abstract_inverted_index.if	110
abstract_inverted_index.in	6, 40
abstract_inverted_index.is	143
abstract_inverted_index.of	48, 64, 77, 131
abstract_inverted_index.on	57
abstract_inverted_index.to	50, 103, 127, 137
abstract_inverted_index.we	84
abstract_inverted_index.($z	18
abstract_inverted_index.CMB	98, 119
abstract_inverted_index.For	108, 150
abstract_inverted_index.The	54
abstract_inverted_index.and	21
abstract_inverted_index.but	69
abstract_inverted_index.can	71
abstract_inverted_index.for	93, 146, 159
abstract_inverted_index.has	37, 115
abstract_inverted_index.not	157
abstract_inverted_index.the	7, 15, 65, 78, 104, 122, 132, 154
abstract_inverted_index.$14$	162
abstract_inverted_index.25$,	117
abstract_inverted_index.Gyr.	163
abstract_inverted_index.This	33
abstract_inverted_index.akin	102
abstract_inverted_index.also	36
abstract_inverted_index.dark	79, 133
abstract_inverted_index.data	120
abstract_inverted_index.from	62
abstract_inverted_index.heat	25
abstract_inverted_index.into	26
abstract_inverted_index.late	8
abstract_inverted_index.less	128
abstract_inverted_index.only	72, 145
abstract_inverted_index.show	85
abstract_inverted_index.some	23
abstract_inverted_index.such	29, 58
abstract_inverted_index.than	129
abstract_inverted_index.that	86
abstract_inverted_index.this	70, 82
abstract_inverted_index.when	10, 91
abstract_inverted_index.will	156
abstract_inverted_index.$1\%$	130
abstract_inverted_index.0.3$)	20
abstract_inverted_index.300$.	149
abstract_inverted_index.500$,	153
abstract_inverted_index.comes	61
abstract_inverted_index.could	4
abstract_inverted_index.event	60
abstract_inverted_index.forms	28
abstract_inverted_index.least	161
abstract_inverted_index.occur	5
abstract_inverted_index.other	27
abstract_inverted_index.phase	2, 94, 113
abstract_inverted_index.probe	73
abstract_inverted_index.rate,	68
abstract_inverted_index.vacua	49
abstract_inverted_index.which	44
abstract_inverted_index.work,	83
abstract_inverted_index.Hubble	66
abstract_inverted_index.appear	90
abstract_inverted_index.begins	13
abstract_inverted_index.crunch	158
abstract_inverted_index.energy	12, 16, 125, 140
abstract_inverted_index.invoke	45
abstract_inverted_index.latent	24
abstract_inverted_index.limits	121
abstract_inverted_index.models	43
abstract_inverted_index.naïve	55
abstract_inverted_index.photon	99
abstract_inverted_index.vacuum	11, 124, 139
abstract_inverted_index.Sitter)	142
abstract_inverted_index.\gtrsim	148
abstract_inverted_index.address	51
abstract_inverted_index.allowed	144
abstract_inverted_index.convert	22
abstract_inverted_index.current	118
abstract_inverted_index.density	17
abstract_inverted_index.effect.	107
abstract_inverted_index.energy.	80, 134
abstract_inverted_index.generic	34
abstract_inverted_index.physics	42
abstract_inverted_index.tighter	88
abstract_inverted_index.\lesssim	19, 152
abstract_inverted_index.concrete	38
abstract_inverted_index.negative	138
abstract_inverted_index.particle	41
abstract_inverted_index.puzzles.	53
abstract_inverted_index.released	126
abstract_inverted_index.universe	9, 155
abstract_inverted_index.affecting	97
abstract_inverted_index.completed	112
abstract_inverted_index.expansion	67
abstract_inverted_index.instance,	109
abstract_inverted_index.invisible	31
abstract_inverted_index.involving	75
abstract_inverted_index.multitude	47
abstract_inverted_index.accounting	92
abstract_inverted_index.associated	123
abstract_inverted_index.constraint	56
abstract_inverted_index.dominating	14
abstract_inverted_index.integrated	105
abstract_inverted_index.motivation	39
abstract_inverted_index.radiation.	32
abstract_inverted_index.transition	3, 95, 114, 136
abstract_inverted_index.$β/H_\star	147, 151
abstract_inverted_index.Sachs-Wolfe	106
abstract_inverted_index.constraints	89
abstract_inverted_index.first-order	1
abstract_inverted_index.possibility	35
abstract_inverted_index.propagation	100
abstract_inverted_index.theoretical	52
abstract_inverted_index.transitions	74
abstract_inverted_index.fluctuations	96
abstract_inverted_index.measurements	63
abstract_inverted_index.significantly	87
abstract_inverted_index.(quasi-anti-de	141
abstract_inverted_index.anisotropically,	101
abstract_inverted_index.$\mathcal{O}(10)\%$	76
abstract_inverted_index.$β/H_\star\lesssim	116
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	3
citation_normalized_percentile