BRAND: A platform for closed-loop experiments with deep network models Article Swipe
Yahia H Ali
,
Kevin Bodkin
,
Mattia Rigotti-Thompson
,
Kushant Patel
,
Nicholas S. Card
,
Bareesh Bhaduri
,
Samuel R. Nason
,
Domenick M Mifsud
,
Xianda Hou
,
Claire Nicolas
,
Shane Allcroft
,
Leigh R. Hochberg
,
Nicholas Au Yong
,
Sergey D. Stavisky
,
Lee E. Miller
,
David M. Brandman
,
Chethan Pandarinath
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.08.552473
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.08.552473
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are state-of-the-art tools for modeling and decoding neural activity, but deploying them in closed-loop experiments with tight timing constraints is challenging due to their limited support in existing real-time frameworks. Researchers need a platform that fully supports high-level languages for running ANNs (e.g., Python and Julia) while maintaining support for languages that are critical for low-latency data acquisition and processing (e.g., C and C++). To address these needs, we introduce the Backend for Realtime Asynchronous Neural Decoding (BRAND). BRAND comprises Linux processes, termed nodes , which communicate with each other in a graph via streams of data. Its asynchronous design allows for acquisition, control, and analysis to be executed in parallel on streams of data that may operate at different timescales. BRAND uses Redis to send data between nodes, which enables fast inter-process communication and supports 54 different programming languages. Thus, developers can easily deploy existing ANN models in BRAND with minimal implementation changes. In our tests, BRAND achieved <600 microsecond latency between processes when sending large quantities of data (1024 channels of 30 kHz neural data in 1-millisecond chunks). BRAND runs a brain-computer interface with a recurrent neural network (RNN) decoder with less than 8 milliseconds of latency from neural data input to decoder prediction. In a real-world demonstration of the system, participant T11 in the BrainGate2 clinical trial performed a standard cursor control task, in which 30 kHz signal processing, RNN decoding, task control, and graphics were all executed in BRAND. This system also supports real-time inference with complex latent variable models like Latent Factor Analysis via Dynamical Systems. By providing a framework that is fast, modular, and language-agnostic, BRAND lowers the barriers to integrating the latest tools in neuroscience and machine learning into closed-loop experiments.
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Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.08.552473
- https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/08/12/2023.08.08.552473.full.pdf
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 33
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4385786701
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4385786701Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.08.552473Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
BRAND: A platform for closed-loop experiments with deep network modelsWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-08-12Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Yahia H Ali, Kevin Bodkin, Mattia Rigotti-Thompson, Kushant Patel, Nicholas S. Card, Bareesh Bhaduri, Samuel R. Nason, Domenick M Mifsud, Xianda Hou, Claire Nicolas, Shane Allcroft, Leigh R. Hochberg, Nicholas Au Yong, Sergey D. Stavisky, Lee E. Miller, David M. Brandman, Chethan PandarinathList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.08.552473Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/08/12/2023.08.08.552473.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/08/12/2023.08.08.552473.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Closed loop, Loop (graph theory), Computer science, Business, Engineering, Mathematics, Control engineering, CombinatoricsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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2Total citation count in OpenAlex
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-
2025: 1, 2024: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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33Number of works referenced by this work
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-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.30 | 178, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.54 | 141 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.and | 10, 49, 63, 67, 109, 139, 241, 274, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 5, 57 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.kHz | 179, 234 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.(RNN) | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.BRAND | 83, 126, 154, 162, 185, 276 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.system, | 217 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.graphics | 242 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.modeling | 9 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.high-level | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.languages. | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processes, | 86 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.quantities | 172 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.language-agnostic, | 275 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
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| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 17 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.60392903 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |