Breaking the bandwidth barrier:Graphene-driven programmable transmissive metasurfaces enableultra-wideband terahertz beam steering Article Swipe
Jian Zhang
,
Hao Jiang
,
Fan Yang
,
Feiliang Chen
,
Yang Liu
,
Yuqian Tang
,
Mo Li
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6699543/v1
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6699543/v1
The breakthrough of metasurfaces in recent years has offered a new paradigm for beam manipulation. However, as the working frequency moves to the terahertz (THz) range, the intrinsic properties of tunable devices constrain the bandwidth expansion of THz metasurfaces. This study tackles the bandwidth bottleneck of metasurface technology in THz beam steering by leveraging the ultra-wideband electromagnetic response characteristics enabled by the linear energy-momentum relation of graphene. For the first time, a graphene-driven transmissive programmable metasurface is experimentally validated. Leveraging graphene’s intrinsic broadband properties, three key technical challenges are addressed: First, a dual-resonance structure is designed using coupled-mode theory to enhance the transmission efficiency of graphene-integrated metasurfaces. Second, a graphene-insulator-graphene (GIG) structure is adopted to replace ion gel-based modulation schemes, circumventing the time-dependent performance degradation of ion gel and offering a viable solution for practical implementations of graphene metasurfaces. Third, a broadband 1-bit phase coding theoretical model is established through a mirror current operation mode, effectively alleviating the constraints of non-uniformity in CVD-grown graphene on beam steering bandwidth. The implemented programmable transmissive metasurface, comprising 4,608 unit cells, demonstrates ±45° beam scanning across 187 to 250 GHz (28.8% relative bandwidth), achieving the highest relative bandwidth reported to date. Our work not only provides a reconfigurable hardware platform for the upcoming 6G communications, but also extends the broadband control mechanism to multidimensional parameter manipulation, including amplitude, polarization, and orbital angular momentum.
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Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6699543/v1
- https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6699543/latest.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 41
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4410760296
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4410760296Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6699543/v1Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Breaking the bandwidth barrier:Graphene-driven programmable transmissive metasurfaces enableultra-wideband terahertz beam steeringWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-05-26Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Jian Zhang, Hao Jiang, Fan Yang, Feiliang Chen, Yang Liu, Yuqian Tang, Mo LiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6699543/v1Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6699543/latest.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6699543/latest.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Terahertz radiation, Beam steering, Wideband, Bandwidth (computing), Graphene, Optoelectronics, Optics, Materials science, Beam (structure), Physics, Telecommunications, Computer science, NanotechnologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
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41Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W6775550976, https://openalex.org/W2897163310, https://openalex.org/W4200634346, https://openalex.org/W6755254231, https://openalex.org/W4285194622, https://openalex.org/W3043272002, https://openalex.org/W2990193244, https://openalex.org/W4200618535, https://openalex.org/W2740268063, https://openalex.org/W3136993430, https://openalex.org/W4212835306, https://openalex.org/W4385634273, https://openalex.org/W4290096688, https://openalex.org/W4200106764, https://openalex.org/W4285228977, https://openalex.org/W2984937369, https://openalex.org/W3113108189, https://openalex.org/W3205935693, https://openalex.org/W6797515723, https://openalex.org/W4205421335, https://openalex.org/W3040906714, https://openalex.org/W2999198227, https://openalex.org/W2607275027, https://openalex.org/W4400293844, https://openalex.org/W4407843666, https://openalex.org/W4406103791, https://openalex.org/W2968609010, https://openalex.org/W4385650392, https://openalex.org/W4405940126, https://openalex.org/W4393798729, https://openalex.org/W2058618191, https://openalex.org/W2003397402, https://openalex.org/W3027744997, https://openalex.org/W4408826166, https://openalex.org/W2808994826, https://openalex.org/W4367672494, https://openalex.org/W4316650532, https://openalex.org/W2142492243, https://openalex.org/W3006142444, https://openalex.org/W3000112259, https://openalex.org/W4289667362 |
| referenced_works_count | 41 |
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