Can GCMs Simulate ENSO Cycles, Amplitudes, and Its Teleconnection Patterns with Global Precipitation? Article Swipe
Chongya Ma
,
Jiaqi Li
,
Yuanchun Zou
,
Jiping Liu
,
Guobin Fu
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050507
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050507
The ability of a general circulation model (GCM) to capture the variability of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is not only a scientific issue of climate model performance, but also critical for climate change and variability impact studies. Here, we assess 48 CMIP5 GCMs for their skill in simulating ENSO interdecadal variability and its teleconnection with precipitation globally. The results show that (1) only 22 out of 48 GCMs display interdecadal variability that is similar to the observations; (2) the ensemble of the 48 GCMs captures the ENSO–precipitation teleconnection at the global scale; (3) no single GCM can capture the observed ENSO–precipitation teleconnection globally; and (4) a GCM that can realistically simulate ENSO variability does not necessarily capture the ENSO-precipitation teleconnection, and vice versa. The results could also be used by climate change impact studies to select suitable GCMs, especially for regions with a statistically significant teleconnection between ENSO and precipitation, as well as for the comparison of CMIP5 and CMIP6.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050507
- https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/507/pdf?version=1745750181
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 37
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4409920462
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4409920462Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050507Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Can GCMs Simulate ENSO Cycles, Amplitudes, and Its Teleconnection Patterns with Global Precipitation?Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-04-27Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Chongya Ma, Jiaqi Li, Yuanchun Zou, Jiping Liu, Guobin FuList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050507Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/507/pdf?version=1745750181Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/507/pdf?version=1745750181Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Teleconnection, Climatology, El Niño Southern Oscillation, Precipitation, Environmental science, Amplitude, Atmospheric sciences, Madden–Julian oscillation, Geology, Meteorology, Geography, Convection, Physics, Quantum mechanicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
37Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4409920462 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050507 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050507 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4409920462 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Can GCMs Simulate ENSO Cycles, Amplitudes, and Its Teleconnection Patterns with Global Precipitation? |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G335092701 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | W2412051 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G5618778313 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320310121 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | YDZJ202401363ZYTS |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province |
| biblio.issue | 5 |
| biblio.volume | 16 |
| biblio.last_page | 507 |
| biblio.first_page | 507 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10029 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9994999766349792 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| topics[0].display_name | Climate variability and models |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10466 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| topics[1].score | 0.9969000220298767 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1902 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Atmospheric Science |
| topics[1].display_name | Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11405 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| topics[2].score | 0.9904999732971191 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1910 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Oceanography |
| topics[2].display_name | Geophysics and Gravity Measurements |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320310121 |
| funders[0].ror | |
| funders[0].display_name | Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/01h0zpd94 |
| funders[1].display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2000 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2165 |
| apc_paid.value | 2000 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2165 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C123576220 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9578531980514526 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3982797 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Teleconnection |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C49204034 |
| concepts[1].level | 1 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.8559287786483765 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Climatology |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C507956050 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.8214366436004639 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14524818 |
| concepts[2].display_name | El Niño Southern Oscillation |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C107054158 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.7633752822875977 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Precipitation |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C39432304 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6416171193122864 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Environmental science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C180205008 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5158038139343262 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Amplitude |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C91586092 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5034365057945251 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Atmospheric sciences |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C117381296 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.49037742614746094 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170041 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Madden–Julian oscillation |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.2493901252746582 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C153294291 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.2400757074356079 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Meteorology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C205649164 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.09177541732788086 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Geography |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C10899652 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Convection |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/teleconnection |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9578531980514526 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Teleconnection |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology |
| keywords[1].score | 0.8559287786483765 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Climatology |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/el-niño-southern-oscillation |
| keywords[2].score | 0.8214366436004639 |
| keywords[2].display_name | El Niño Southern Oscillation |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation |
| keywords[3].score | 0.7633752822875977 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Precipitation |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6416171193122864 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Environmental science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5158038139343262 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Amplitude |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5034365057945251 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Atmospheric sciences |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/madden–julian-oscillation |
| keywords[7].score | 0.49037742614746094 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Madden–Julian oscillation |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[8].score | 0.2493901252746582 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.2400757074356079 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Meteorology |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geography |
| keywords[10].score | 0.09177541732788086 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Geography |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/atmos16050507 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S946213959 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2073-4433 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2073-4433 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Atmosphere |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/507/pdf?version=1745750181 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Atmosphere |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050507 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1021521b48014dd8883ae01c7b944d30 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Atmosphere, Vol 16, Iss 5, p 507 (2025) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/1021521b48014dd8883ae01c7b944d30 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102605259 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Chongya Ma |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I149240348 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I149240348 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xtsag93 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149240348 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Jilin Normal University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Chongya Ma |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100325922 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6428-6800 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Jiaqi Li |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I149240348 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I149240348 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xtsag93 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149240348 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Jilin Normal University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Jiaqi Li |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039230307 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-9678 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Yuanchun Zou |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210101301 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Heilongjiang Xingkai Lake Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034t30j35 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210101301 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01a9z1q73 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210101301 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Yuanchun Zou |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Heilongjiang Xingkai Lake Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5109448683 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Jiping Liu |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I149240348 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I149240348 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xtsag93 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149240348 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Jilin Normal University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Jiping Liu |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5067792541 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3968-4871 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Guobin Fu |
| authorships[4].countries | AU |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1292875679 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CSIRO Environment, Perth, WA 6152, Australia |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1292875679 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03qn8fb07 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1292875679, https://openalex.org/I2801453606, https://openalex.org/I4387156119 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Guobin Fu |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | CSIRO Environment, Perth, WA 6152, Australia |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/507/pdf?version=1745750181 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Can GCMs Simulate ENSO Cycles, Amplitudes, and Its Teleconnection Patterns with Global Precipitation? |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10029 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9994999766349792 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| primary_topic.display_name | Climate variability and models |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3187005188, https://openalex.org/W2990309495, https://openalex.org/W2593893114, https://openalex.org/W3019245200, https://openalex.org/W3037432343, https://openalex.org/W4390749551, https://openalex.org/W1524810879, https://openalex.org/W2900832207, https://openalex.org/W2886348344, https://openalex.org/W1946241441 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/atmos16050507 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S946213959 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2073-4433 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2073-4433 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Atmosphere |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/507/pdf?version=1745750181 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Atmosphere |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050507 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/atmos16050507 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S946213959 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2073-4433 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2073-4433 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Atmosphere |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/507/pdf?version=1745750181 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Atmosphere |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050507 |
| publication_date | 2025-04-27 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W1993196883, https://openalex.org/W2047294871, https://openalex.org/W2783179908, https://openalex.org/W1984231257, https://openalex.org/W2118290911, https://openalex.org/W4306149793, https://openalex.org/W2121127516, https://openalex.org/W2169474342, https://openalex.org/W2015007962, https://openalex.org/W1971665389, https://openalex.org/W2067669440, https://openalex.org/W2046710051, https://openalex.org/W2000646540, https://openalex.org/W3039560961, https://openalex.org/W4292323981, https://openalex.org/W2092497323, https://openalex.org/W2176670204, https://openalex.org/W2006165291, https://openalex.org/W2100764393, https://openalex.org/W2006787709, https://openalex.org/W2173306896, https://openalex.org/W2074913896, https://openalex.org/W2007098680, https://openalex.org/W1955629187, https://openalex.org/W2044582077, https://openalex.org/W1998340955, https://openalex.org/W2555761366, https://openalex.org/W2087898233, https://openalex.org/W2152243413, https://openalex.org/W3123393049, https://openalex.org/W3166899966, https://openalex.org/W3005178207, https://openalex.org/W3127494884, https://openalex.org/W4402825065, https://openalex.org/W4388968953, https://openalex.org/W2020949093, https://openalex.org/W1683974079 |
| referenced_works_count | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3, 20, 105, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.22 | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.48 | 40, 66, 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.El | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 150, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 17, 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 12, 23, 65, 80, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 8, 74, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(1) | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(2) | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(3) | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(4) | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GCM | 95, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 57, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 33, 51, 103, 120, 148, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 96, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 30, 43, 139, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 18, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 10, 75, 78, 81, 85, 89, 98, 117, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ENSO | 48, 111, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GCMs | 42, 67, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 28, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.does | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 19, 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 60, 71, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vice | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 54, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(GCM) | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CMIP5 | 41, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GCMs, | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.issue | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 6, 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.skill | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ENSO) | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CMIP6. | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assess | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.change | 32, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.global | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 35, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scale; | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.select | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.versa. | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capture | 9, 97, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.climate | 24, 31, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.display | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.general | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regions | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 58, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.similar | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.captures | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ensemble | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulate | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies. | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suitable | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.globally. | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.globally; | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.especially | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scientific | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulating | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Oscillation | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.circulation | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.necessarily | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variability | 11, 34, 50, 70, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interdecadal | 49, 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance, | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observations; | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precipitation | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.realistically | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.statistically | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precipitation, | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.teleconnection | 53, 87, 101, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.teleconnection, | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Niño–Southern | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ENSO-precipitation | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ENSO–precipitation | 86, 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.15800467 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |