CFEAR Radarodometry - Conservative Filtering for Efficient and Accurate Radar Odometry Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636253
This paper presents the accurate, highly efficient, and learning-free method CFEAR Radarodometry for large-scale radar odometry estimation. By using a filtering technique that keeps the k strongest returns per azimuth and by additionally filtering the radar data in Cartesian space, we are able to compute a sparse set of oriented surface points for efficient and accurate scan matching. Registration is carried out by minimizing a point-to-line metric and robustness to outliers is achieved using a Huber loss. We were able to additionally reduce drift by jointly registering the latest scan to a history of keyframes and found that our odometry method generalizes to different sensor models and datasets without changing a single parameter. We evaluate our method in three widely different environments and demonstrate an improvement over spatially cross-validated state-of-the-art with an overall translation error of 1.76% in a public urban radar odometry benchmark, running at 55Hz merely on a single laptop CPU thread.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636253
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 43
- References
- 48
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3157400318
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3157400318Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636253Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
CFEAR Radarodometry - Conservative Filtering for Efficient and Accurate Radar OdometryWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-09-27Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Daniel Adolfsson, Martin Magnusson, Anas Alhashimi, Achim J. Lilienthal, Henrik AndreassonList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636253Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-94463Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Odometry, Computer science, Robustness (evolution), Artificial intelligence, Visual odometry, Computer vision, Radar, Outlier, Laptop, Mobile robot, Robot, Biochemistry, Telecommunications, Gene, Chemistry, Operating systemTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
43Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 6, 2024: 10, 2023: 16, 2022: 8, 2021: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
48Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3157400318 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636253 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636253 |
| ids.mag | 3157400318 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3157400318 |
| fwci | 15.82290092 |
| type | article |
| title | CFEAR Radarodometry - Conservative Filtering for Efficient and Accurate Radar Odometry |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | 5469 |
| biblio.first_page | 5462 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10191 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10326 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9973999857902527 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12549 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9940999746322632 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1707 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| topics[2].display_name | Image and Object Detection Techniques |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320307330 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/00v64cg28 |
| funders[0].display_name | Knowledge Foundation |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C49441653 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9144310355186462 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2014717 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Odometry |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7643969655036926 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C63479239 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6790121793746948 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Robustness (evolution) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6557515859603882 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C5799516 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6306689381599426 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4110915 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Visual odometry |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C31972630 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.6248295307159424 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Computer vision |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C554190296 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.6001812219619751 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Radar |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C79337645 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4890516698360443 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Outlier |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2780008327 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4412243366241455 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3962 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Laptop |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C19966478 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.20143237709999084 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Mobile robot |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C90509273 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.19963619112968445 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Robot |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C55493867 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Biochemistry |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C76155785 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Telecommunications |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C104317684 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Gene |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Operating system |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/odometry |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9144310355186462 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Odometry |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7643969655036926 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6790121793746948 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Robustness (evolution) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6557515859603882 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-odometry |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6306689381599426 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Visual odometry |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision |
| keywords[5].score | 0.6248295307159424 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Computer vision |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/radar |
| keywords[6].score | 0.6001812219619751 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Radar |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4890516698360443 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Outlier |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/laptop |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4412243366241455 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Laptop |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot |
| keywords[9].score | 0.20143237709999084 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Mobile robot |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/robot |
| keywords[10].score | 0.19963619112968445 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Robot |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636253 |
| locations[0].is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4363607734 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | conference |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | proceedings-article |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636253 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:DiVA.org:oru-94463 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400013 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | Publications (Konstfack University of Arts, Crafts, and Design) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I218177685 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | University College of Arts Crafts and Design |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I218177685 |
| locations[1].license | other-oa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | text |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-94463 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068885752 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2504-2488 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Daniel Adolfsson |
| authorships[0].countries | SE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | MRO lab of the AASS Research Centre at Örebro University, Sweden |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05kytsw45 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | SE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Örebro University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Daniel Adolfsson |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | MRO lab of the AASS Research Centre at Örebro University, Sweden |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101576376 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-2985 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Martin Magnusson |
| authorships[1].countries | SE |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | MRO lab of the AASS Research Centre at Örebro University, Sweden |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05kytsw45 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | SE |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Örebro University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Martin Magnusson |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | MRO lab of the AASS Research Centre at Örebro University, Sweden |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5018590667 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6868-2210 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Anas Alhashimi |
| authorships[2].countries | SE |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | MRO lab of the AASS Research Centre at Örebro University, Sweden |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05kytsw45 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | SE |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Örebro University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Anas Alhashimi |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | MRO lab of the AASS Research Centre at Örebro University, Sweden |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5088586617 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-9326 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Achim J. Lilienthal |
| authorships[3].countries | SE |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | MRO lab of the AASS Research Centre at Örebro University, Sweden |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05kytsw45 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | SE |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Örebro University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Achim J. Lilienthal |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | MRO lab of the AASS Research Centre at Örebro University, Sweden |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5024851825 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2953-1564 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Henrik Andreasson |
| authorships[4].countries | SE |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | MRO lab of the AASS Research Centre at Örebro University, Sweden |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05kytsw45 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I26437253 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | SE |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Örebro University |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Henrik Andreasson |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | MRO lab of the AASS Research Centre at Örebro University, Sweden |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-94463 |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | CFEAR Radarodometry - Conservative Filtering for Efficient and Accurate Radar Odometry |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10191 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2979950214, https://openalex.org/W87609089, https://openalex.org/W2414561716, https://openalex.org/W3024737167, https://openalex.org/W3161199934, https://openalex.org/W2303855011, https://openalex.org/W2312326526, https://openalex.org/W2412578866, https://openalex.org/W3105866016, https://openalex.org/W4312703710 |
| cited_by_count | 43 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 10 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 16 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 8 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | pmh:oai:DiVA.org:oru-94463 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400013 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Publications (Konstfack University of Arts, Crafts, and Design) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I218177685 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | University College of Arts Crafts and Design |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I218177685 |
| best_oa_location.license | other-oa |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | submittedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | text |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | False |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-94463 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636253 |
| primary_location.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4363607734 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | conference |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | proceedings-article |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636253 |
| publication_date | 2021-09-27 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2150066425, https://openalex.org/W3090139470, https://openalex.org/W2999332493, https://openalex.org/W3035021594, https://openalex.org/W3091485922, https://openalex.org/W2990844533, https://openalex.org/W2130763585, https://openalex.org/W3038313942, https://openalex.org/W6783337767, https://openalex.org/W6767854850, https://openalex.org/W3120363534, https://openalex.org/W6767711165, https://openalex.org/W3089835902, https://openalex.org/W3174203047, https://openalex.org/W3130465612, https://openalex.org/W2890714858, https://openalex.org/W2969150231, https://openalex.org/W3090913682, https://openalex.org/W1988918158, https://openalex.org/W2805521962, https://openalex.org/W3128472000, https://openalex.org/W2277848489, https://openalex.org/W2970479183, https://openalex.org/W2565712281, https://openalex.org/W2015442982, https://openalex.org/W2740978300, https://openalex.org/W1512698229, https://openalex.org/W1970504153, https://openalex.org/W4249866455, https://openalex.org/W2012502415, https://openalex.org/W2772733639, https://openalex.org/W2981173972, https://openalex.org/W2969150035, https://openalex.org/W2968443604, https://openalex.org/W6682516890, https://openalex.org/W6695362994, https://openalex.org/W2959847940, https://openalex.org/W6731577630, https://openalex.org/W2046033161, https://openalex.org/W3012331496, https://openalex.org/W2973536248, https://openalex.org/W3091687063, https://openalex.org/W3084275338, https://openalex.org/W2566680697, https://openalex.org/W2281874712, https://openalex.org/W3111920287, https://openalex.org/W2154487996, https://openalex.org/W3031624864 |
| referenced_works_count | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 19, 45, 64, 74, 91, 110, 138, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.k | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.By | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 77, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 124, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 31, 62, 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 37, 117, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 59, 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 48, 93, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 43, 69, 80, 90, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CPU | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 7, 30, 54, 67, 95, 106, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 12, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 98, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.per | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 3, 24, 34, 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.55Hz | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.able | 42, 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scan | 56, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 22, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.76% | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CFEAR | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Huber | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drift | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.keeps | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loss. | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radar | 14, 35, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.urban | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 18, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highly | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laptop | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.latest | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.merely | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 9, 100, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metric | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.points | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.public | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensor | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single | 111, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.space, | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sparse | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.widely | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.azimuth | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carried | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compute | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.history | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.jointly | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overall | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.returns | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.running | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thread. | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accurate | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changing | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.datasets | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.odometry | 15, 99, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oriented | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outliers | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cartesian | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accurate, | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 103, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.filtering | 20, 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.keyframes | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.matching. | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spatially | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strongest | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benchmark, | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient, | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimizing | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameter. | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.robustness | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimation. | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generalizes | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improvement | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.large-scale | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.registering | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.translation | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Registration | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additionally | 32, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environments | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Radarodometry | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.learning-free | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.point-to-line | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cross-validated | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state-of-the-art | 129 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 95 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8299999833106995 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Sustainable cities and communities |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.99662899 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |