Changes in sleep quality and sleep disturbances in the general population from before to during the COVID-19 lockdown: A systematic review and meta-analysis Article Swipe
Federica Limongi
,
Paola Siviero
,
Caterina Trevisan
,
Marianna Noale
,
Filippo Catalani
,
Chiara Ceolin
,
Silvia Conti
,
Elisa Di Rosa
,
Elena Perdixi
,
Francesca Remelli
,
Federica Prinelli
,
Stefania Maggi
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1166815
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1166815
Introduction This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore changes in sleep quality and sleep disturbances in the general population from before to during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021256378) and the PRISMA guidelines were followed. The major databases and gray literature were systematically searched from inception to 28/05/2021 to identify observational studies evaluating sleep changes in the general population during the lockdown with respect to the pre-lockdown period. A random effects meta-analysis was undertaken for studies reporting (a) the means of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global scores or the means of the sleep onset latency (SOL) times (minutes - min) before and during the lockdown, (b) the percentages of poor sleep quality before and during the lockdown, or (c) the percentages of changes in sleep quality. Subgroup analysis by risk of bias and measurement tool utilized was carried out. A narrative synthesis on sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, insomnia and sleep medication consumption was also performed. Results Sixty-three studies were included. A decline in sleep quality, reflected in a pooled increase in the PSQI global scores (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.26; 95% CI 0.17–0.34) and in SOL (SMD = 0.38 min; 95% CI 0.30–0.45) were found. The percentage of individuals with poor sleep quality increased during the lockdown (pooled relative risk 1.4; 95% CI 1.24–1.61). Moreover, 57.3% (95% CI 50.01–61.55) of the individuals reported a change in sleep quality; in 37.3% (95% CI 34.27–40.39) of these, it was a worsening. The studies included in the systematic review reported a decrease in sleep efficiency and an increase in sleep disturbances, insomnia, and in sleep medication consumption. Discussion Timely interventions are warranted in view of the decline in sleep quality and the increase in sleep disturbances uncovered and their potentially negative impact on health. Further research and in particular longitudinal studies using validated instruments examining the long-term impact of the lockdown on sleep variables is needed. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021256378 , identifier CRD42021256378.
Related Topics
Concepts
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Meta-analysis
Sleep onset latency
Insomnia
Sleep (system call)
Medicine
Population
Subgroup analysis
Observational study
Sleep disorder
Physical therapy
Sleep quality
Psychiatry
Internal medicine
Environmental health
Computer science
Operating system
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1166815
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 39
- References
- 123
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4365451812
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4365451812Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1166815Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Changes in sleep quality and sleep disturbances in the general population from before to during the COVID-19 lockdown: A systematic review and meta-analysisWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-04-13Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Federica Limongi, Paola Siviero, Caterina Trevisan, Marianna Noale, Filippo Catalani, Chiara Ceolin, Silvia Conti, Elisa Di Rosa, Elena Perdixi, Francesca Remelli, Federica Prinelli, Stefania MaggiList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1166815Publisher landing page
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1166815Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Meta-analysis, Sleep onset latency, Insomnia, Sleep (system call), Medicine, Population, Subgroup analysis, Observational study, Sleep disorder, Physical therapy, Sleep quality, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Environmental health, Computer science, Operating systemTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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39Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 11, 2024: 22, 2023: 6Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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123Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.was | 30, 78, 144, 160, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(95% | 225, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SMD | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.38 | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.4; | 219 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.This | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aims | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bias | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 20, 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gray | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mean | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.min) | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.min; | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out. | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.poor | 117, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risk | 137, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tool | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.view | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 39, 47, 166, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 68, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SMD) | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SOL) | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.26; | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.37.3% | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.57.3% | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Index | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sleep | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.major | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.means | 85, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.onset | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sleep | 11, 14, 59, 100, 118, 132, 151, 153, 157, 171, 210, 235, 259, 265, 270, 284, 290, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.times | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PSQI) | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PRISMA | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Timely | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.before | 21, 108, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.change | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 23, 65, 110, 122, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found. | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.global | 93, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 297, 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pooled | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.random | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 3, 254, 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scores | 94, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these, | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(pooled | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Further | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Quality | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carried | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 9, 60, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decline | 169, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explore | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.general | 18, 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health. | 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.latency | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.needed. | 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.period. | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality | 12, 119, 211, 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respect | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 57, 81, 165, 249, 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(minutes | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.COVID-19 | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PROSPERO | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Subgroup | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decrease | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 177, 263, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insomnia | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lockdown | 67, 215, 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.negative | 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocol | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality, | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality. | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality; | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relative | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 231, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.searched | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.utilized | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.databases | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examining | 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.followed. | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inception | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included. | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insomnia, | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lockdown, | 112, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lockdown. | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-term | 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.narrative | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflected | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reporting | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesis | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncovered | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.validated | 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variables | 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.warranted | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.28/05/2021 | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Discussion | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Pittsburgh | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Systematic | 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difference | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluating | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guidelines | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identifier | 327 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medication | 158, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particular | 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.percentage | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed. | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population | 19, 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.registered | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systematic | 2, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.undertaken | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worsening. | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sixty-three | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consumption | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency, | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals | 207, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instruments | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurement | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.percentages | 115, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentially | 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.17–0.34) | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.30–0.45) | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Introduction | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consumption. | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disturbances | 15, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longitudinal | 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pre-lockdown | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.registration | 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(standardized | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.24–1.61). | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disturbances, | 154, 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interventions | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meta-analysis | 5, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observational | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.34.27–40.39) | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.50.01–61.55) | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systematically | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CRD42021256378. | 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CRD42021256378) | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021256378 | 325 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 98 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5045074384 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 12 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210113153, https://openalex.org/I4210155236 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5699999928474426 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | No poverty |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.98948265 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |