Channel Estimation and Projection for RIS-assisted MIMO Using Zadoff-Chu Sequences Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2202.10038
The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology is a promising enabler for millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless communications, as it can potentially provide spectral efficiency comparable to the conventional massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) but with significantly lower hardware complexity. In this paper, we focus on the estimation and projection of the uplink RIS-aided massive MIMO channel, which can be time-varying. We propose to let the user equipments (UE) transmit Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences and let the base station (BS) conduct maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the uplink channel. The proposed scheme is computationally efficient: it uses ZC sequences to decouple the estimation of the frequency and time offsets; it uses the space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) method to reduce the high-dimensional problem due to the multipaths to multiple lower-dimensional ones per path. Owing to the estimation of the Doppler frequency offsets, the time-varying channel state can be projected, which can significantly lower the overhead of the pilots for channel estimation. The numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Related Topics
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.10038
- https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.10038
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 1
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4221143082
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4221143082Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2202.10038Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Channel Estimation and Projection for RIS-assisted MIMO Using Zadoff-Chu SequencesWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-02-21Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Xuemeng Zhou, Zhiyu Yang, Tianyi Zhang, Yi JiangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.10038Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.10038Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.10038Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
MIMO, Channel (broadcasting), Telecommunications link, Computer science, Base station, Spectral efficiency, MIMO-OFDM, Algorithm, Real-time computing, Overhead (engineering), Computational complexity theory, Wireless, Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, Telecommunications, Operating systemTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2023: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4221143082 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2202.10038 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2202.10038 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4221143082 |
| fwci | |
| type | preprint |
| title | Channel Estimation and Projection for RIS-assisted MIMO Using Zadoff-Chu Sequences |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11458 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9980999827384949 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11946 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9926000237464905 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Antenna Design and Optimization |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10069 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9908999800682068 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Antenna Design and Analysis |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C207987634 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7020153999328613 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862 |
| concepts[0].display_name | MIMO |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C127162648 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6354480385780334 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Channel (broadcasting) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C138660444 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6134595274925232 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Telecommunications link |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6019946336746216 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C68649174 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4855630099773407 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Base station |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C137246740 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4718242585659027 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Spectral efficiency |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C130946814 |
| concepts[6].level | 4 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.46864861249923706 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5988271 |
| concepts[6].display_name | MIMO-OFDM |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C11413529 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4527204632759094 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Algorithm |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C79403827 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.44395118951797485 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Real-time computing |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2779960059 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4395506978034973 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Overhead (engineering) |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C179799912 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4247349202632904 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Computational complexity theory |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C555944384 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.4200063943862915 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Wireless |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C40409654 |
| concepts[12].level | 3 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.4137366712093353 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C76155785 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.32736921310424805 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Telecommunications |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Operating system |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7020153999328613 |
| keywords[0].display_name | MIMO |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/channel |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6354480385780334 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Channel (broadcasting) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6134595274925232 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Telecommunications link |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6019946336746216 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4855630099773407 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Base station |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4718242585659027 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Spectral efficiency |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo-ofdm |
| keywords[6].score | 0.46864861249923706 |
| keywords[6].display_name | MIMO-OFDM |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4527204632759094 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Algorithm |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing |
| keywords[8].score | 0.44395118951797485 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Real-time computing |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4395506978034973 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Overhead (engineering) |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4247349202632904 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Computational complexity theory |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless |
| keywords[11].score | 0.4200063943862915 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Wireless |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing |
| keywords[12].score | 0.4137366712093353 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications |
| keywords[13].score | 0.32736921310424805 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Telecommunications |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2202.10038 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.10038 |
| locations[0].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | text |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | False |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.10038 |
| locations[1].id | doi:10.48550/arxiv.2202.10038 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2202.10038 |
| indexed_in | arxiv, datacite |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5054818769 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6458-1770 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Xuemeng Zhou |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Zhou, Xuemeng |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5021414632 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4937-8747 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Zhiyu Yang |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Yang, Zhiyu |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100437457 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8998-3837 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Tianyi Zhang |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Zhang, Tianyi |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100620236 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-5437 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Yi Jiang |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Jiang, Yi |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.10038 |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Channel Estimation and Projection for RIS-assisted MIMO Using Zadoff-Chu Sequences |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11458 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9980999827384949 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4365807906, https://openalex.org/W2157864637, https://openalex.org/W4223416141, https://openalex.org/W2105999282, https://openalex.org/W1922070205, https://openalex.org/W2136902318, https://openalex.org/W2149569983, https://openalex.org/W2601693592, https://openalex.org/W1989270073, https://openalex.org/W2122807322 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2202.10038 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.10038 |
| best_oa_location.version | submittedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | text |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | False |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.10038 |
| primary_location.id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2202.10038 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.10038 |
| primary_location.version | submittedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | text |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | False |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.10038 |
| publication_date | 2022-02-21 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works_count | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ZC | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 56, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 6, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 17, 91, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 47, 81, 99, 132, 150, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 24, 60, 95, 113, 119, 122, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 85, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 45, 70, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 18, 55, 141, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 10, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.let | 61, 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.per | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 25, 43, 48, 62, 72, 82, 97, 100, 107, 115, 120, 130, 133, 137, 148, 151, 160, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(BS) | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ML) | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(UE) | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ZC) | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MIMO | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.base | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ones | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.user | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uses | 92, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wave | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RIS) | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Owing | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focus | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 34, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.path. | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 54, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MIMO) | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SAGE) | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper, | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pilots | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uplink | 49, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verify | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Doppler | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.channel | 139, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conduct | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enabler | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.massive | 27, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximum | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problem | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme. | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.station | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(mmWave) | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.channel, | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.channel. | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decouple | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hardware | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offsets, | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offsets; | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overhead | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 86, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectral | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmit | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wireless | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RIS-aided | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequency | 101, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.numerical | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequences | 69, 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Zadoff-Chu | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparable | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient: | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equipments | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimation | 44, 80, 98, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.likelihood | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.millimeter | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multipaths | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.projected, | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.projection | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technology | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complexity. | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimation. | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generalized | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intelligent | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentially | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulations | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conventional | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time-varying | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectiveness | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 33, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time-varying. | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple-input | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reconfigurable | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.communications, | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computationally | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple-output | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-dimensional | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower-dimensional | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.space-alternating | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expectation-maximization | 110 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5699999928474426 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile |