Characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for mortality of 522 167 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Brazil: a retrospective cohort study Article Swipe
Márcia C. Castro
,
Susie Gurzenda
,
Eduardo Marques Macário
,
Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049089
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049089
Objective To provide a comprehensive description of demographic, clinical and radiographic characteristics; treatment and case outcomes; and risk factors associated with in-hospital death of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Brazil. Design Retrospective cohort study of hospitalised patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Setting Data from all hospitals across Brazil. Participants 522 167 hospitalised patients in Brazil by 14 December 2020 with severe acute respiratory illness, and a confirmed diagnosis for COVID-19. Primary and secondary outcome measures Prevalence of symptoms and comorbidities was compared by clinical outcomes and intensive care unit (ICU) admission status. Survival was assessed using Kaplan Meier survival estimates. Risk factors associated with in-hospital death were evaluated with multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Of the 522 167 patients included in this study, 56.7% were discharged, 0.002% died of other causes, 30.7% died of causes associated with COVID-19 and 10.2% remained hospitalised. The median age of patients was 61 years (IQR, 47–73), and of non-survivors 71 years (IQR, 60–80); 292 570 patients (56.0%) were men. At least one comorbidity was present in 64.5% of patients and in 76.8% of non-survivors. From illness onset, the median times to hospital and ICU admission were 6 days (IQR, 3–9) and 7 days (IQR, 3–10), respectively; 15 days (IQR, 9–24) to death and 15 days (IQR, 11–20) to hospital discharge. Risk factors for in-hospital death included old age, Black/Brown ethnoracial self-classification, ICU admission, being male, living in the North and Northeast regions and various comorbidities. Age had the highest HRs of 5.51 (95% CI: 4.91 to 6.18) for patients≥80, compared with those ≤20. Conclusions Characteristics of patients and risk factors for in-hospital mortality highlight inequities of COVID-19 outcomes in Brazil. As the pandemic continues to unfold, targeted policies that address those inequities are needed to mitigate the unequal burden of COVID-19.
Related Topics
Concepts
Medicine
Retrospective cohort study
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Epidemiology
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
Cohort
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Cohort study
Emergency medicine
Family medicine
Medical emergency
Internal medicine
Disease
Outbreak
Virology
Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049089
- https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/11/5/e049089.full.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 32
- References
- 28
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3157892965
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W3157892965Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049089Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for mortality of 522 167 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Brazil: a retrospective cohort studyWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-05-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Márcia C. Castro, Susie Gurzenda, Eduardo Marques Macário, Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de FrançaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049089Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/11/5/e049089.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/11/5/e049089.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Medicine, Retrospective cohort study, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Epidemiology, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Cohort, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Cohort study, Emergency medicine, Family medicine, Medical emergency, Internal medicine, Disease, Outbreak, Virology, Infectious disease (medical specialty)Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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32Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 3, 2023: 10, 2022: 12, 2021: 5Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
28Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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