Characterization of a SiPM-based monolithic neutron scatter camera using dark counts Article Swipe

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J. Balajthy , J. A. Brown , E. Brubaker , Belkis Cabrera-Palmer , Joshua W. Cates , B. L. Goldblum , Micah Folsom , Paul Hausladen , Kevin Keefe , J. Nattress , Victor Negut , K. Nishimura , John T. Steele , Klaus-Peter Ziock ·

YOU? · · 2023 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2309.15280

We report on the design and characterization of a prototype monolithic neutron scatter camera that is intended to significantly improve upon the geometrical shortcomings of conventional neutron cameras. The detector consists of a 50 mm $\times$ 56 mm $\times$ 60 mm monolithic block of EJ-204 plastic scintillator instrumented on two faces with arrays of 64 Hamamatsu S13360-6075PE silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The electronic crosstalk is limited to < 5% between adjacent channels and < 0.1% between all other channel pairs. SiPMs introduce a significantly elevated dark count rate over PMTs, as well as correlated noise from after-pulsing and optical crosstalk. In this article, we characterize the dark count rate and optical crosstalk and present a modified event reconstruction likelihood function that accounts for them. We find that the average dark count rate per SiPM is 4.3 MHz with a standard deviation of 1.5 MHz among devices. The analysis method we employ to measure internal optical crosstalk also naturally yields the mean and width of the single-electron pulse height. We calculate separate contributions to the width of the single-electron pulse-height from electronic noise and avalanche fluctuations. We demonstrate a timing resolution for a single-photon pulse to be 128 ($\pm$4) ps. Finally, coincidence analysis is employed to measure external (pixel-to-pixel) optical crosstalk. We present a map of the average external crosstalk probability between 2-by-4 groups of SiPMs, as well as the in-situ timing characteristics extracted from the coincidence analysis. Further work is needed to characterize the performance of the camera at reconstructing single- and double-site interactions, as well as image reconstruction.

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Lincoln–Kennedy Coincidences Urban Legend

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Silicon photomultiplier Physics Optics Scintillator Detector Pixel Neutron Standard deviation Photomultiplier Coincidence Photonics Dark current Nuclear physics Mathematics Statistics Medicine Alternative medicine Pathology

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Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: http://arxiv.org/abs/2309.15280
PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.15280
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2309.15280

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Title: Characterization of a SiPM-based monolithic neutron scatter camera using dark counts

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Type: preprint

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2023

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Publication date: 2023-09-26

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Authors: J. Balajthy, J. A. Brown, E. Brubaker, Belkis Cabrera-Palmer, Joshua W. Cates, B. L. Goldblum, Micah Folsom, Paul Hausladen, Kevin Keefe, J. Nattress, Victor Negut, K. Nishimura, John T. Steele, Klaus-Peter Ziock

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Landing page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.15280

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Concepts: Silicon photomultiplier, Physics, Optics, Scintillator, Detector, Pixel, Neutron, Standard deviation, Photomultiplier, Coincidence, Photonics, Dark current, Nuclear physics, Mathematics, Statistics, Medicine, Alternative medicine, Pathology

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publication_date	2023-09-26
publication_year	2023
referenced_works_count	0
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abstract_inverted_index.5%	67
abstract_inverted_index.50	33
abstract_inverted_index.56	36
abstract_inverted_index.60	39
abstract_inverted_index.64	54
abstract_inverted_index.In	99
abstract_inverted_index.We	0, 123, 167, 184, 209
abstract_inverted_index.as	89, 91, 224, 226, 253, 255
abstract_inverted_index.at	247
abstract_inverted_index.be	194
abstract_inverted_index.is	15, 63, 133, 201, 238
abstract_inverted_index.mm	34, 37, 40
abstract_inverted_index.of	7, 24, 31, 43, 53, 140, 162, 174, 213, 222, 244
abstract_inverted_index.on	2, 48
abstract_inverted_index.to	17, 65, 150, 171, 193, 203, 240
abstract_inverted_index.we	102, 148
abstract_inverted_index.1.5	141
abstract_inverted_index.128	195
abstract_inverted_index.4.3	134
abstract_inverted_index.MHz	135, 142
abstract_inverted_index.The	28, 60, 145
abstract_inverted_index.all	75
abstract_inverted_index.and	5, 71, 96, 108, 111, 160, 181, 250
abstract_inverted_index.for	121, 189
abstract_inverted_index.map	212
abstract_inverted_index.per	131
abstract_inverted_index.ps.	197
abstract_inverted_index.the	3, 21, 104, 126, 158, 163, 172, 175, 214, 227, 233, 242, 245
abstract_inverted_index.two	49
abstract_inverted_index.<	66, 72
abstract_inverted_index.0.1%	73
abstract_inverted_index.SiPM	132
abstract_inverted_index.also	155
abstract_inverted_index.dark	84, 105, 128
abstract_inverted_index.find	124
abstract_inverted_index.from	94, 178, 232
abstract_inverted_index.mean	159
abstract_inverted_index.over	87
abstract_inverted_index.rate	86, 107, 130
abstract_inverted_index.that	14, 119, 125
abstract_inverted_index.this	100
abstract_inverted_index.upon	20
abstract_inverted_index.well	90, 225, 254
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abstract_inverted_index.work	237
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abstract_inverted_index.SiPMs	79
abstract_inverted_index.among	143
abstract_inverted_index.block	42
abstract_inverted_index.count	85, 106, 129
abstract_inverted_index.event	115
abstract_inverted_index.faces	50
abstract_inverted_index.image	256
abstract_inverted_index.noise	93, 180
abstract_inverted_index.other	76
abstract_inverted_index.pulse	165, 192
abstract_inverted_index.them.	122
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abstract_inverted_index.2-by-4	220
abstract_inverted_index.EJ-204	44
abstract_inverted_index.SiPMs,	223
abstract_inverted_index.arrays	52
abstract_inverted_index.camera	13, 246
abstract_inverted_index.design	4
abstract_inverted_index.employ	149
abstract_inverted_index.groups	221
abstract_inverted_index.method	147
abstract_inverted_index.needed	239
abstract_inverted_index.pairs.	78
abstract_inverted_index.report	1
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abstract_inverted_index.yields	157
abstract_inverted_index.Further	236
abstract_inverted_index.average	127, 215
abstract_inverted_index.between	68, 74, 219
abstract_inverted_index.channel	77
abstract_inverted_index.height.	166
abstract_inverted_index.improve	19
abstract_inverted_index.in-situ	228
abstract_inverted_index.limited	64
abstract_inverted_index.measure	151, 204
abstract_inverted_index.neutron	11, 26
abstract_inverted_index.optical	97, 109, 153, 207
abstract_inverted_index.plastic	45
abstract_inverted_index.present	112, 210
abstract_inverted_index.scatter	12
abstract_inverted_index.silicon	57
abstract_inverted_index.single-	249
abstract_inverted_index.$\times$	35, 38
abstract_inverted_index.($\pm$4)	196
abstract_inverted_index.(SiPMs).	59
abstract_inverted_index.Finally,	198
abstract_inverted_index.accounts	120
abstract_inverted_index.adjacent	69
abstract_inverted_index.analysis	146, 200
abstract_inverted_index.article,	101
abstract_inverted_index.cameras.	27
abstract_inverted_index.channels	70
abstract_inverted_index.consists	30
abstract_inverted_index.detector	29
abstract_inverted_index.devices.	144
abstract_inverted_index.elevated	83
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abstract_inverted_index.external	205, 216
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abstract_inverted_index.modified	114
abstract_inverted_index.separate	169
abstract_inverted_index.standard	138
abstract_inverted_index.Hamamatsu	55
abstract_inverted_index.analysis.	235
abstract_inverted_index.avalanche	182
abstract_inverted_index.calculate	168
abstract_inverted_index.crosstalk	62, 110, 154, 217
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abstract_inverted_index.extracted	231
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abstract_inverted_index.prototype	9
abstract_inverted_index.correlated	92
abstract_inverted_index.crosstalk.	98, 208
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abstract_inverted_index.coincidence	199, 234
abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate	185
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abstract_inverted_index.performance	243
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abstract_inverted_index.contributions	170
abstract_inverted_index.fluctuations.	183
abstract_inverted_index.interactions,	252
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abstract_inverted_index.single-photon	191
abstract_inverted_index.reconstructing	248
abstract_inverted_index.reconstruction	116
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abstract_inverted_index.reconstruction.	257
abstract_inverted_index.single-electron	164, 176
abstract_inverted_index.(pixel-to-pixel)	206
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countries_distinct_count	0
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citation_normalized_percentile