ChatGPT Improves Creative Problem-Solving Performance in University Students: An Experimental Study Article Swipe
Marek Urban
,
Filip Děchtěrenko
,
Jiří Lukavský
,
Veronika Hein
,
Filip Svacha
,
Cyril Brom
,
Kamila Urban
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9z2tc
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9z2tc
University students often employ generative artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT in resolution of ill-defined problem-solving tasks. However, the experimental evidence about effects of ChatGPT on complex problem-solving performance is still missing. In this preregistered experiment, the impact of ChatGPT on performance in a complex creative problem-solving task was investigated in 77 university students solving a task with ChatGPT in comparison to 68 students solving a task without it. ChatGPT use significantly improved self-efficacy for task resolution (d = 0.65) and enhanced the quality (d = 0.69), elaboration (d = 0.61), and originality (d = 0.55) of solutions. Moreover, participants with ChatGPT assistance perceived task as easier (d = 0.56) and requiring less mental effort (d = 0.58). However, use of ChatGPT did not make task resolution more interesting (d = 0.08), and the impact of ChatGPT on metacognitive monitoring accuracy was unclear. Although there were no significant differences in absolute accuracy between students solving the task with and without the assistance of ChatGPT, the absence of correlation between self-evaluation judgments and performance suggests that participants struggled to calibrate their self-evaluations when using ChatGPT. Notably, the perceived usefulness of ChatGPT appeared to inform self-evaluation judgments, resulting in higher inaccuracy. The implications for hybrid human-AI regulation (HHAIR) theory are discussed. To regulate effectively, students using AI tools should focus on valid metacognitive cues and ignore cues that could lead to inaccurate outcomes.
Related Topics
Concepts
Task (project management)
Metacognition
Psychology
Elaboration
Cognitive psychology
Quality (philosophy)
Originality
Resolution (logic)
Cognition
Mathematics education
Computer science
Social psychology
Artificial intelligence
Creativity
Humanities
Management
Neuroscience
Philosophy
Economics
Epistemology
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9z2tc
- https://psyarxiv.com/9z2tc/download
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 25
- References
- 79
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4382796759
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4382796759Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9z2tcDigital Object Identifier
- Title
-
ChatGPT Improves Creative Problem-Solving Performance in University Students: An Experimental StudyWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-06-30Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Marek Urban, Filip Děchtěrenko, Jiří Lukavský, Veronika Hein, Filip Svacha, Cyril Brom, Kamila UrbanList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9z2tcPublisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://psyarxiv.com/9z2tc/downloadDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://psyarxiv.com/9z2tc/downloadDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Task (project management), Metacognition, Psychology, Elaboration, Cognitive psychology, Quality (philosophy), Originality, Resolution (logic), Cognition, Mathematics education, Computer science, Social psychology, Artificial intelligence, Creativity, Humanities, Management, Neuroscience, Philosophy, Economics, EpistemologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
25Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 16, 2024: 6, 2023: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
79Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4382796759 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9z2tc |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9z2tc |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4382796759 |
| fwci | 1.30802481 |
| type | preprint |
| title | ChatGPT Improves Creative Problem-Solving Performance in University Students: An Experimental Study |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11636 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9753000140190125 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2718 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Health Informatics |
| topics[0].display_name | Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12026 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.963699996471405 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[1].display_name | Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11122 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9023000001907349 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1706 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Computer Science Applications |
| topics[2].display_name | Online Learning and Analytics |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2780451532 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8026539087295532 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Task (project management) |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C118147538 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7794597148895264 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126970 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Metacognition |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C15744967 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6099784970283508 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Psychology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2779192218 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5730660557746887 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16944486 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Elaboration |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C180747234 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5416872501373291 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Cognitive psychology |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2779530757 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5413886904716492 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Quality (philosophy) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2776950860 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5198512673377991 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Originality |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C138268822 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5029086470603943 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Resolution (logic) |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C169900460 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4006657600402832 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Cognition |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C145420912 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.3648677468299866 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Mathematics education |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3566090166568756 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C77805123 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.32423561811447144 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Social psychology |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.3089807629585266 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C11012388 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.17138707637786865 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Creativity |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C15708023 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Humanities |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C187736073 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Management |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C169760540 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Neuroscience |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C138885662 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Philosophy |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[18].level | 0 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C111472728 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Epistemology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/task |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8026539087295532 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Task (project management) |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/metacognition |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7794597148895264 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Metacognition |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6099784970283508 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Psychology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/elaboration |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5730660557746887 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Elaboration |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5416872501373291 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Cognitive psychology |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quality |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5413886904716492 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Quality (philosophy) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/originality |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5198512673377991 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Originality |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5029086470603943 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Resolution (logic) |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4006657600402832 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Cognition |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education |
| keywords[9].score | 0.3648677468299866 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Mathematics education |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3566090166568756 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology |
| keywords[11].score | 0.32423561811447144 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Social psychology |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[12].score | 0.3089807629585266 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/creativity |
| keywords[13].score | 0.17138707637786865 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Creativity |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.31234/osf.io/9z2tc |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source | |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://psyarxiv.com/9z2tc/download |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9z2tc |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:share.osf.io:949b6fe4-ff4b-4ff1-9260-e3d96f9f24d6 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400047 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | Arabixiv (OSF Preprints) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2799848540 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Center for Open Science |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799848540 |
| locations[1].license | cc-by |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | Preprint |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://osf.io/9z2tc |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E01B1-B24-B06 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400047 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Arabixiv (OSF Preprints) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2799848540 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Center for Open Science |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799848540 |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | preprint |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | http://doi.org/10.31234/OSF.IO/9Z2TC |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5058772014 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-1388 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Marek Urban |
| authorships[0].countries | CZ |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I202391551, https://openalex.org/I4210144394 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Psychology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Hybernska 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I202391551 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/053avzc18 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I202391551 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CZ |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Czech Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210144394 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03aba6h29 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I202391551, https://openalex.org/I4210144394 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | CZ |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Psychology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Marek Urban |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Psychology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Hybernska 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5082067895 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0472-915X |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Filip Děchtěrenko |
| authorships[1].countries | CZ |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I202391551, https://openalex.org/I4210144394 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Psychology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Hybernska 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Arts, Charles University, nam. J. Palacha 1/2, 116 38 Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/024d6js02 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CZ |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Charles University |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I202391551 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/053avzc18 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | government |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I202391551 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | CZ |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Czech Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210144394 |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/03aba6h29 |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I202391551, https://openalex.org/I4210144394 |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].country_code | CZ |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].display_name | Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Psychology |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Filip Dechterenko |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Arts, Charles University, nam. J. Palacha 1/2, 116 38 Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of Psychology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Hybernska 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5011106922 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1082-229X |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jiří Lukavský |
| authorships[2].countries | CZ |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Arts, Charles University, nam. J. Palacha 1/2, 116 38 Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I202391551, https://openalex.org/I4210144394 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Psychology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Hybernska 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/024d6js02 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CZ |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Charles University |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I202391551 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/053avzc18 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | government |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I202391551 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | CZ |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | Czech Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210144394 |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/03aba6h29 |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I202391551, https://openalex.org/I4210144394 |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].country_code | CZ |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].display_name | Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Psychology |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jiri Lukavsky |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Arts, Charles University, nam. J. Palacha 1/2, 116 38 Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of Psychology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Hybernska 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5012417781 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-2243 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Veronika Hein |
| authorships[3].countries | CZ |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Arts, Charles University, nam. J. Palacha 1/2, 116 38 Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/024d6js02 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CZ |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Charles University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Veronika Hrabalová |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Arts, Charles University, nam. J. Palacha 1/2, 116 38 Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5092376045 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8593-8943 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Filip Svacha |
| authorships[4].countries | CZ |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Patkova 2137/5, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/024d6js02 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CZ |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Charles University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Filip Svacha |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Patkova 2137/5, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5027765968 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-0514 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Cyril Brom |
| authorships[5].countries | CZ |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holesovickach 747/2, Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/024d6js02 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I21250087 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CZ |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Charles University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Cyril Brom |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holesovickach 747/2, Prague, Czech Republic |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5091135832 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-9804 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Kamila Urban |
| authorships[6].countries | SK |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I147747303, https://openalex.org/I207624831 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Research in Social Communication, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I147747303 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02te3c603 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I147747303, https://openalex.org/I207624831 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | SK |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Institute of Chemistry of the Slovak Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I207624831 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03h7qq074 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | government |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I207624831 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | SK |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | Slovak Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Kamila Urban |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute for Research in Social Communication, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://psyarxiv.com/9z2tc/download |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | ChatGPT Improves Creative Problem-Solving Performance in University Students: An Experimental Study |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11636 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9753000140190125 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2718 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Health Informatics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2593155302, https://openalex.org/W2041415459, https://openalex.org/W2072812638, https://openalex.org/W3126095231, https://openalex.org/W2360463189, https://openalex.org/W2352855287, https://openalex.org/W2378906650, https://openalex.org/W2384288445, https://openalex.org/W2382526412, https://openalex.org/W3045976901 |
| cited_by_count | 25 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 16 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.31234/osf.io/9z2tc |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source | |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://psyarxiv.com/9z2tc/download |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9z2tc |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.31234/osf.io/9z2tc |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source | |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://psyarxiv.com/9z2tc/download |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9z2tc |
| publication_date | 2023-06-30 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2945310791, https://openalex.org/W3086595731, https://openalex.org/W2134049139, https://openalex.org/W4319793302, https://openalex.org/W2610551509, https://openalex.org/W4252409704, https://openalex.org/W4292779060, https://openalex.org/W4297630849, https://openalex.org/W2138285584, https://openalex.org/W4241702431, https://openalex.org/W3159096324, https://openalex.org/W2587827881, https://openalex.org/W4360620450, https://openalex.org/W2103162107, https://openalex.org/W2902320936, https://openalex.org/W4210860623, https://openalex.org/W2771113974, https://openalex.org/W4301179240, https://openalex.org/W4378232887, https://openalex.org/W4366588310, https://openalex.org/W6654959976, https://openalex.org/W2117509610, https://openalex.org/W2047388275, https://openalex.org/W6760983769, https://openalex.org/W2083614944, https://openalex.org/W2164777277, https://openalex.org/W3081405977, https://openalex.org/W4322617812, https://openalex.org/W4307123345, https://openalex.org/W4281886677, https://openalex.org/W2090022222, https://openalex.org/W2783168475, https://openalex.org/W1996645202, https://openalex.org/W4323345674, https://openalex.org/W4327810158, https://openalex.org/W2081811286, https://openalex.org/W2116669434, https://openalex.org/W2127607471, https://openalex.org/W2745915040, https://openalex.org/W4379143611, https://openalex.org/W2755124703, https://openalex.org/W3161384520, https://openalex.org/W4214587503, https://openalex.org/W4308212851, https://openalex.org/W1996750234, https://openalex.org/W2885226810, https://openalex.org/W3046851904, https://openalex.org/W6740529494, https://openalex.org/W2052941964, https://openalex.org/W2033428167, https://openalex.org/W2400552980, https://openalex.org/W2050406213, https://openalex.org/W1993870787, https://openalex.org/W2942714855, https://openalex.org/W2060906725, https://openalex.org/W4379741838, https://openalex.org/W3158196352, https://openalex.org/W4319984853, https://openalex.org/W3041645674, https://openalex.org/W1967879932, https://openalex.org/W2134817291, https://openalex.org/W2129062063, https://openalex.org/W2771448768, https://openalex.org/W4376636280, https://openalex.org/W4366548330, https://openalex.org/W4313564799, https://openalex.org/W4367626887, https://openalex.org/W4292808503, https://openalex.org/W4385988305, https://openalex.org/W4385973406, https://openalex.org/W4224274681, https://openalex.org/W4379619507, https://openalex.org/W4379878854, https://openalex.org/W2729432995, https://openalex.org/W4367293182, https://openalex.org/W2064809032, https://openalex.org/W4297183894, https://openalex.org/W4283733139, https://openalex.org/W4234043690 |
| referenced_works_count | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.= | 78, 85, 89, 94, 108, 116, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 43, 55, 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(d | 77, 84, 88, 93, 107, 115, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.68 | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.77 | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AI | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 9, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 11, 42, 50, 59, 149, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 13, 23, 38, 96, 120, 135, 162, 166, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 25, 40, 137, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 61, 177, 191, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 80, 91, 110, 132, 158, 171, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.did | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 74, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it. | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 18, 36, 82, 133, 155, 160, 164, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 70, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 48, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cues | 221, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lead | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.less | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.make | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.task | 47, 56, 66, 75, 104, 125, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 174, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 57, 100, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.55) | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.56) | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.65) | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focus | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.still | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tools | 7, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 182, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.valid | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.08), | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.58). | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.61), | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.69), | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.easier | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effort | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employ | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hybrid | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ignore | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 37, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inform | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mental | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tasks. | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theory | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(HHAIR) | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ChatGPT | 10, 24, 39, 58, 69, 101, 121, 136, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.absence | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 152, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complex | 26, 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solving | 54, 64, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 67, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Although | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ChatGPT, | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ChatGPT. | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 17, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Notably, | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.absolute | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 140, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appeared | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.creative | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human-AI | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.missing. | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regulate | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.students | 1, 53, 63, 153, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggests | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unclear. | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.calibrate | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.judgments | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes. | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perceived | 103, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requiring | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulting | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.struggled | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.University | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.artificial | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assistance | 102, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussed. | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generative | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inaccurate | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.judgments, | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regulation | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resolution | 12, 76, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solutions. | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.university | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.usefulness | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlation | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elaboration | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiment, | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ill-defined | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inaccuracy. | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interesting | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.originality | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 28, 41, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectively, | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implications | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intelligence | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigated | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.participants | 99, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metacognitive | 138, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preregistered | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.self-efficacy | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problem-solving | 15, 27, 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.self-evaluation | 169, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.self-evaluations | 180 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5058772014 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I202391551, https://openalex.org/I4210144394 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7200000286102295 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Quality Education |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.82016965 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |