ChatGPT’s Performance in Spinal Metastasis Cases—Can We Discuss Our Complex Cases with ChatGPT? Article Swipe
Stephan Heisinger
,
Stephan N. Salzmann
,
Wolfgang Senker
,
Stefan Aspalter
,
Johannes Oberndorfer
,
Michael Matzner
,
Martin N. Stienen
,
Stefan Motov
,
Dominikus Huber
,
Josef G. Grohs
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247864
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247864
Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT-4, is transforming healthcare. ChatGPT’s potential to assist in decision-making for complex cases, such as spinal metastasis treatment, is promising but widely untested. Especially in cancer patients who develop spinal metastases, precise and personalized treatment is essential. This study examines ChatGPT-4’s performance in treatment planning for spinal metastasis cases compared to experienced spine surgeons. Materials and Methods: Five spine metastasis cases were randomly selected from recent literature. Consequently, five spine surgeons and ChatGPT-4 were tasked with providing treatment recommendations for each case in a standardized manner. Responses were analyzed for frequency distribution, agreement, and subjective rater opinions. Results: ChatGPT’s treatment recommendations aligned with the majority of human raters in 73% of treatment choices, with moderate to substantial agreement on systemic therapy, pain management, and supportive care. However, ChatGPT’s recommendations tended towards generalized statements, with raters noting its generalized answers. Agreement among raters improved in sensitivity analyses excluding ChatGPT, particularly for controversial areas like surgical intervention and palliative care. Conclusions: ChatGPT shows potential in aligning with experienced surgeons on certain treatment aspects of spinal metastasis. However, its generalized approach highlights limitations, suggesting that training with specific clinical guidelines could potentially enhance its utility in complex case management. Further studies are necessary to refine AI applications in personalized healthcare decision-making.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247864
- https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/24/7864/pdf?version=1734965872
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 60
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4405720563
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4405720563Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247864Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
ChatGPT’s Performance in Spinal Metastasis Cases—Can We Discuss Our Complex Cases with ChatGPT?Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-12-23Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Stephan Heisinger, Stephan N. Salzmann, Wolfgang Senker, Stefan Aspalter, Johannes Oberndorfer, Michael Matzner, Martin N. Stienen, Stefan Motov, Dominikus Huber, Josef G. GrohsList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247864Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/24/7864/pdf?version=1734965872Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/24/7864/pdf?version=1734965872Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Medicine, Metastasis, Intervention (counseling), Palliative care, Health care, Radiation treatment planning, Cancer metastasis, Intensive care medicine, Spinal surgery, Physical therapy, Cancer, Radiation therapy, Surgery, Nursing, Internal medicine, Economics, Economic growthTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
60Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4405720563 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247864 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247864 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39768787 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4405720563 |
| fwci | 0.97359884 |
| type | article |
| title | ChatGPT’s Performance in Spinal Metastasis Cases—Can We Discuss Our Complex Cases with ChatGPT? |
| biblio.issue | 24 |
| biblio.volume | 13 |
| biblio.last_page | 7864 |
| biblio.first_page | 7864 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11636 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9994999766349792 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2718 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Health Informatics |
| topics[0].display_name | Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T14510 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9977999925613403 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Medical Imaging and Analysis |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12422 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9944999814033508 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2741 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging |
| topics[2].display_name | Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2400 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2598 |
| apc_paid.value | 2400 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2598 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8977809548377991 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2779013556 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6546787023544312 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181876 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Metastasis |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2780665704 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5498603582382202 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Intervention (counseling) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2994186709 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5388557314872742 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29483 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Palliative care |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C160735492 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5248177647590637 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Health care |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C201645570 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.45658037066459656 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830637 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Radiation treatment planning |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2992691968 |
| concepts[6].level | 4 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.43137529492378235 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181876 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Cancer metastasis |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C177713679 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.41840818524360657 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Intensive care medicine |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2994406423 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4107973873615265 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188449 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Spinal surgery |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C1862650 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.3642542362213135 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Physical therapy |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C121608353 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3573467433452606 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Cancer |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C509974204 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.26913291215896606 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Radiation therapy |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C141071460 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.2593839168548584 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Surgery |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C159110408 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.25047051906585693 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Nursing |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.15259146690368652 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C50522688 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Economic growth |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8977809548377991 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/metastasis |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6546787023544312 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Metastasis |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5498603582382202 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Intervention (counseling) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/palliative-care |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5388557314872742 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Palliative care |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5248177647590637 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Health care |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-treatment-planning |
| keywords[5].score | 0.45658037066459656 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Radiation treatment planning |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-metastasis |
| keywords[6].score | 0.43137529492378235 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Cancer metastasis |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-medicine |
| keywords[7].score | 0.41840818524360657 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Intensive care medicine |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-surgery |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4107973873615265 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Spinal surgery |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy |
| keywords[9].score | 0.3642542362213135 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Physical therapy |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3573467433452606 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Cancer |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-therapy |
| keywords[11].score | 0.26913291215896606 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Radiation therapy |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery |
| keywords[12].score | 0.2593839168548584 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Surgery |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing |
| keywords[13].score | 0.25047051906585693 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Nursing |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[14].score | 0.15259146690368652 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Internal medicine |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/jcm13247864 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2737969411 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2077-0383 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2077-0383 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/24/7864/pdf?version=1734965872 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247864 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:39768787 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Journal of clinical medicine |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39768787 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11727723 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | J Clin Med |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11727723 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5020983537 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8921-9417 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Stephan Heisinger |
| authorships[0].countries | AT |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05n3x4p02 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | AT |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Medical University of Vienna |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Stephan Heisinger |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062007187 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9576-186X |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Stephan N. Salzmann |
| authorships[1].countries | AT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05n3x4p02 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | AT |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Medical University of Vienna |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Stephan N. Salzmann |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5030712870 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1123-231X |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Wolfgang Senker |
| authorships[2].countries | AT |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210119171 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, 4020 Linz, Austria |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210119171 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02h3bfj85 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210119171 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | AT |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Kepler Universitätsklinikum |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Wolfgang Senker |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, 4020 Linz, Austria |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5078669819 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-0311 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Stefan Aspalter |
| authorships[3].countries | AT |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210119171 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, 4020 Linz, Austria |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210119171 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02h3bfj85 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210119171 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | AT |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Kepler Universitätsklinikum |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Stefan Aspalter |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, 4020 Linz, Austria |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5115618938 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Johannes Oberndorfer |
| authorships[4].countries | AT |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210119171 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, 4020 Linz, Austria |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210119171 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02h3bfj85 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210119171 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | AT |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Kepler Universitätsklinikum |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Johannes Oberndorfer |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, 4020 Linz, Austria |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5018292592 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Michael Matzner |
| authorships[5].countries | AT |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05n3x4p02 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | AT |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Medical University of Vienna |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Michael P. Matzner |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5073987272 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6417-1787 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Martin N. Stienen |
| authorships[6].countries | CH |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I202963720, https://openalex.org/I2799884508 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland & Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Medical School of St. Gallen, University of St.Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799884508 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00gpmb873 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799884508 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | CH |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Kantonsspital St. Gallen |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I202963720 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0561a3s31 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I202963720 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | CH |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | University of St.Gallen |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Martin N. Stienen |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland & Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Medical School of St. Gallen, University of St.Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5069485872 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1950-9168 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Stefan Motov |
| authorships[7].countries | CH |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I202963720, https://openalex.org/I2799884508 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland & Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Medical School of St. Gallen, University of St.Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799884508 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00gpmb873 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799884508 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | CH |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Kantonsspital St. Gallen |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I202963720 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0561a3s31 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I202963720 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | CH |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | University of St.Gallen |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Stefan Motov |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland & Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Medical School of St. Gallen, University of St.Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5048097133 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-0895 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Dominikus Huber |
| authorships[8].countries | AT |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05n3x4p02 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | AT |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Medical University of Vienna |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Dominikus Huber |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5000866627 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6109-8417 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Josef G. Grohs |
| authorships[9].countries | AT |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05n3x4p02 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | AT |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Medical University of Vienna |
| authorships[9].author_position | last |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Josef Georg Grohs |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/24/7864/pdf?version=1734965872 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | ChatGPT’s Performance in Spinal Metastasis Cases—Can We Discuss Our Complex Cases with ChatGPT? |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11636 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9994999766349792 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2718 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Health Informatics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2408369942, https://openalex.org/W2764246122, https://openalex.org/W2509747167, https://openalex.org/W2460541251, https://openalex.org/W2111584953, https://openalex.org/W2800988295, https://openalex.org/W2314032833, https://openalex.org/W207137323, https://openalex.org/W2394613142, https://openalex.org/W1559869854 |
| cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/jcm13247864 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2737969411 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2077-0383 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2077-0383 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/24/7864/pdf?version=1734965872 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247864 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/jcm13247864 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2737969411 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2077-0383 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2077-0383 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/24/7864/pdf?version=1734965872 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247864 |
| publication_date | 2024-12-23 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4398173188, https://openalex.org/W4379470483, https://openalex.org/W6872027515, https://openalex.org/W3035901421, https://openalex.org/W4394855484, https://openalex.org/W179875071, https://openalex.org/W4383333658, https://openalex.org/W4317435136, https://openalex.org/W4322008312, https://openalex.org/W4362573915, https://openalex.org/W4383710580, https://openalex.org/W4366234719, https://openalex.org/W4384499300, https://openalex.org/W4327650176, https://openalex.org/W4286366049, https://openalex.org/W4321435202, https://openalex.org/W4360938283, https://openalex.org/W4324308091, https://openalex.org/W4385715742, https://openalex.org/W4306918391, https://openalex.org/W4311495014, https://openalex.org/W4231001578, https://openalex.org/W58092641, https://openalex.org/W1980360453, https://openalex.org/W4386246092, https://openalex.org/W4387157477, https://openalex.org/W4288074682, https://openalex.org/W4226306037, https://openalex.org/W4388905480, https://openalex.org/W2133012565, https://openalex.org/W2118347738, https://openalex.org/W4399607354, https://openalex.org/W4385331619, https://openalex.org/W4386201085, https://openalex.org/W4400066098, https://openalex.org/W4393229841, https://openalex.org/W4391774330, https://openalex.org/W4393297847, https://openalex.org/W4392245290, https://openalex.org/W6858158422, https://openalex.org/W4388033537, https://openalex.org/W4388007286, https://openalex.org/W6855968580, https://openalex.org/W4388156928, https://openalex.org/W4322718832, https://openalex.org/W4327946446, https://openalex.org/W4319460874, https://openalex.org/W4322617328, https://openalex.org/W4319083882, https://openalex.org/W4323835279, https://openalex.org/W4323848232, https://openalex.org/W3215744714, https://openalex.org/W4361004509, https://openalex.org/W4321460183, https://openalex.org/W4385242971, https://openalex.org/W4393119065, https://openalex.org/W4400421821, https://openalex.org/W4388134688, https://openalex.org/W4402367541, https://openalex.org/W2024528777 |
| referenced_works_count | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AI | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 21, 37, 55, 95, 121, 156, 175, 205, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 14, 31, 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 118, 123, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 131, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 19, 63, 128, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.73% | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 45, 68, 84, 106, 136, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 23, 58, 92, 102, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 149, 188, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.who | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Five | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case | 94, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.like | 12, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pain | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 74, 86, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 88, 115, 126, 146, 177, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(AI), | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.areas | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.care. | 138, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cases | 61, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.large | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rater | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shows | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spine | 65, 71, 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(LLMs) | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assist | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cancer | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cases, | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noting | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.raters | 120, 147, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recent | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.refine | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spinal | 28, 42, 59, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tasked | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tended | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.widely | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ChatGPT | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Further | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aligned | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspects | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.certain | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complex | 24, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develop | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhance | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manner. | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precise | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.towards | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.utility | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ChatGPT, | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 139, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods: | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results: | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aligning | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyses | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.answers. | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.choices, | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examines | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.language | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.majority | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moderate | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.planning | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.randomly | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selected | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specific | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surgeons | 83, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surgical | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systemic | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therapy, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.training | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Agreement | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ChatGPT-4 | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Materials | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Responses | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agreement | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.excluding | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequency | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.necessary | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opinions. | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 18, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.providing | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surgeons. | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 47, 56, 90, 112, 124, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.untested. | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ChatGPT-4, | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Especially | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agreement, | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.artificial | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.essential. | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guidelines | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.healthcare | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlights | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metastasis | 29, 60, 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.palliative | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subjective | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggesting | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supportive | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment, | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background: | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ChatGPT’s | 17, 111, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experienced | 64, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generalized | 144, 150, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.healthcare. | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integration | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature. | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management, | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management. | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metastases, | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metastasis. | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentially | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensitivity | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.statements, | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.substantial | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions: | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intelligence | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervention | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limitations, | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 7, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.personalized | 46, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standardized | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transforming | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ChatGPT-4’s | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Consequently, | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controversial | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribution, | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decision-making | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recommendations | 91, 113, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decision-making. | 220 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5062007187 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I76134821 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.4699999988079071 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Peace, Justice and strong institutions |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.72168894 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |