$$\chi$$-linguistic sets and its application for the linguistic multi-attribute group decision making Article Swipe
Sidong Xian
,
Mengnan Liu
,
Zhiyu Xian
,
Jiahui Chai
,
S. Lu
,
Ke Qing
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x
The information in the real world often contains many properties such as fuzziness, randomness, and approximation. Although existing linguistic collections attempt to solve these problems, with the emergence of more and more constraints and challenges, this information cannot fully express the problem, leading to an increasing demand for methods that can contain multiple uncertain information. In this paper, we comprehensively consider the various characteristics of information including membership degree, credibility and approximation based on rough sets, and propose the concept of $$\chi$$ -linguistic sets ( $$\chi$$ LSs), which depend on original data rather than prior knowledge and effectively solve the problem of incomplete information representation. At the same time, the corresponding theories such as the comparison method and operational rules have also been proposed. Subsequently, we construct a new $$\chi$$ -linguistic VIKOR ( $$\chi$$ LVIKOR) method for multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problem with $$\chi$$ LSs, and apply it to the risk assessment of COVID-19. Through comparative analysis, we discuss the effectiveness and superiority of $$\chi$$ LSs.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x
- https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x.pdf
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 3
- References
- 50
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4392862067
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4392862067Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-xDigital Object Identifier
- Title
-
$$\chi$$-linguistic sets and its application for the linguistic multi-attribute group decision makingWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-03-15Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Sidong Xian, Mengnan Liu, Zhiyu Xian, Jiahui Chai, S. Lu, Ke QingList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-xPublisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Group decision-making, Linguistics, Computer science, Group (periodic table), Linguistic performance, Natural language processing, Artificial intelligence, Linguistic description, Psychology, Social psychology, Philosophy, Chemistry, Organic chemistryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
3Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
50Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4392862067 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4392862067 |
| fwci | 2.37040672 |
| type | article |
| title | $$\chi$$-linguistic sets and its application for the linguistic multi-attribute group decision making |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G5704208578 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | No. 61876201 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| biblio.issue | 4 |
| biblio.volume | 57 |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11063 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9988999962806702 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1703 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Computational Theory and Mathematics |
| topics[0].display_name | Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10050 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/18 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Decision Sciences |
| topics[1].score | 0.9975000023841858 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1803 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Management Science and Operations Research |
| topics[1].display_name | Multi-Criteria Decision Making |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11727 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9950000047683716 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1703 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Computational Theory and Mathematics |
| topics[2].display_name | Advanced Algebra and Logic |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01h0zpd94 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2490 |
| apc_list.currency | EUR |
| apc_list.value_usd | 3090 |
| apc_paid.value | 2490 |
| apc_paid.currency | EUR |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 3090 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C20701700 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6674491763114929 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388791 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Group decision-making |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C41895202 |
| concepts[1].level | 1 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.658390462398529 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Linguistics |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6412314772605896 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2781311116 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5100374817848206 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Group (periodic table) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2776346706 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5047036409378052 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755793 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Linguistic performance |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C204321447 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.46836769580841064 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Natural language processing |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.46094924211502075 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C172205122 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4460182189941406 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777864 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Linguistic description |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C15744967 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.2526357173919678 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Psychology |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C77805123 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.08997344970703125 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Social psychology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C138885662 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.07013016939163208 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Philosophy |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/group-decision-making |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6674491763114929 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Group decision-making |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics |
| keywords[1].score | 0.658390462398529 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Linguistics |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6412314772605896 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/group |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5100374817848206 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Group (periodic table) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-performance |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5047036409378052 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Linguistic performance |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing |
| keywords[5].score | 0.46836769580841064 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Natural language processing |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[6].score | 0.46094924211502075 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-description |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4460182189941406 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Linguistic description |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology |
| keywords[8].score | 0.2526357173919678 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Psychology |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.08997344970703125 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Social psychology |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy |
| keywords[10].score | 0.07013016939163208 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Philosophy |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S122814990 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0269-2821, 1573-7462 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0269-2821 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Artificial Intelligence Review |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319900 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Springer Science+Business Media |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319900, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Artificial Intelligence Review |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5052086121 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9871-4444 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Sidong Xian |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Intelligent Analysis and Decision on Complex Systems, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dgaqz26 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Sidong Xian |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Key Laboratory of Intelligent Analysis and Decision on Complex Systems, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100611706 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-6956 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Mengnan Liu |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Intelligent Analysis and Decision on Complex Systems, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dgaqz26 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Mengnan Liu |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Key Laboratory of Intelligent Analysis and Decision on Complex Systems, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100586510 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Zhiyu Xian |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I205237279 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I205237279 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01y1kjr75 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I205237279 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Nankai University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Zhiyu Xian |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077747673 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1621-6119 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Jiahui Chai |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Intelligent Analysis and Decision on Complex Systems, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dgaqz26 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Jiahui Chai |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Key Laboratory of Intelligent Analysis and Decision on Complex Systems, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5115604317 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8814-1670 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | S. Lu |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | College of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dgaqz26 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Sicong Lu |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5042520826 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Ke Qing |
| authorships[5].countries | CN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Intelligent Analysis and Decision on Complex Systems, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dgaqz26 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Ke Qing |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Key Laboratory of Intelligent Analysis and Decision on Complex Systems, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | $$\chi$$-linguistic sets and its application for the linguistic multi-attribute group decision making |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11063 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9988999962806702 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1703 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Computational Theory and Mathematics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2014786470, https://openalex.org/W2077860847, https://openalex.org/W2385535927, https://openalex.org/W2789233000, https://openalex.org/W3084623292, https://openalex.org/W2491275485, https://openalex.org/W2004695834, https://openalex.org/W2329551150, https://openalex.org/W4386183307, https://openalex.org/W2371413396 |
| cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S122814990 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0269-2821, 1573-7462 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0269-2821 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Artificial Intelligence Review |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319900 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Springer Science+Business Media |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319900, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Artificial Intelligence Review |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S122814990 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0269-2821, 1573-7462 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0269-2821 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Artificial Intelligence Review |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319900 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Springer Science+Business Media |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319900, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Artificial Intelligence Review |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10695-x |
| publication_date | 2024-03-15 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W1980564456, https://openalex.org/W1508253378, https://openalex.org/W3092000530, https://openalex.org/W3094106034, https://openalex.org/W2171767613, https://openalex.org/W2027654459, https://openalex.org/W2925045612, https://openalex.org/W2808813630, https://openalex.org/W2507975617, https://openalex.org/W2592492586, https://openalex.org/W3088891005, https://openalex.org/W1984880160, https://openalex.org/W2167510151, https://openalex.org/W2506768821, https://openalex.org/W2922227541, https://openalex.org/W2998470600, https://openalex.org/W3008240918, https://openalex.org/W2963110261, https://openalex.org/W2991470691, https://openalex.org/W2942223277, https://openalex.org/W2970642756, https://openalex.org/W3100717670, https://openalex.org/W2059859512, https://openalex.org/W2966718207, https://openalex.org/W2975531812, https://openalex.org/W3009940229, https://openalex.org/W3026609628, https://openalex.org/W3035826609, https://openalex.org/W4313560186, https://openalex.org/W2474884296, https://openalex.org/W4255833381, https://openalex.org/W2898595572, https://openalex.org/W1978062397, https://openalex.org/W2943889207, https://openalex.org/W2981789132, https://openalex.org/W4385394065, https://openalex.org/W2744102091, https://openalex.org/W3010333714, https://openalex.org/W2806437363, https://openalex.org/W2937344718, https://openalex.org/W2902418216, https://openalex.org/W3094458853, https://openalex.org/W3217432003, https://openalex.org/W2562831529, https://openalex.org/W4245152641, https://openalex.org/W2042774699, https://openalex.org/W3005187896, https://openalex.org/W4210444499, https://openalex.org/W2012430137, https://openalex.org/W4245699803 |
| referenced_works_count | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.( | 89, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.At | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 12, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 29, 65, 81, 110, 174, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 74, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 22, 44, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 59, 134, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 15, 31, 34, 71, 77, 105, 126, 167, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 48, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 4, 27, 41, 62, 79, 108, 115, 118, 123, 171, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LSs, | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LSs. | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.many | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 30, 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.real | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risk | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sets | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 11, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 36, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 26, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LSs), | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.VIKOR | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.apply | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fully | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prior | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rough | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rules | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sets, | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solve | 23, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time, | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.world | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cannot | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demand | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depend | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.making | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 125, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper, | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rather | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MAGDM) | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LVIKOR) | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Through | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attempt | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concept | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contain | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.degree, | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discuss | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.express | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leading | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problem | 109, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$$\chi$$ | 82, 90, 138, 146, 161, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Although | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consider | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contains | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decision | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existing | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.original | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problem, | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theories | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<mml:math | 83, 91, 139, 147, 162, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.COVID-19. | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis, | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.construct | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emergence | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knowledge | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problems, | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed. | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncertain | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fuzziness, | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incomplete | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasing | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.linguistic | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.membership | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.-linguistic | 87, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.</mml:math> | 86, 94, 142, 150, 165, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges, | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collections | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparative | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constraints | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.credibility | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectively | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 2, 37, 66, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operational | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.randomness, | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.superiority | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information. | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Subsequently, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approximation | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.corresponding | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectiveness | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approximation. | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensively | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-attribute | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.representation. | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> | 85, 93, 141, 149, 164, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | 84, 92, 140, 148, 163, 188 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5052086121 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I10535382 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.800000011920929 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Peace, Justice and strong institutions |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.82040414 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |