Choice of adjuvant and antigen composition alters the immunogenic profile of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine Article Swipe
William R. Lykins
,
Jeroen Pollet
,
Jessica A. White
,
Brian Keegan
,
Leroy Versteeg
,
Ulrich Strych
,
Wen‐Hsiang Chen
,
Raodoh Mohamath
,
Gabi Ramer-Denisoff
,
Sierra Reed
,
Samuel Beaver
,
Alana Gerhardt
,
Emily A. Voigt
,
Mark A. Tomai
,
Robert D. Sitrin
,
Robert K. M. Choy
,
Frederick J. Cassels
,
Peter J. Hotez
,
María Elena Bottazzi
,
Christopher B. Fox
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518
Introduction: Since their introduction, adjuvanted recombinant subunit vaccines against COVID-19 have played a pivotal role in protecting global populations. Optimizing the immune response’s quality, amplitude, and durability to these vaccines depends on the appropriate adjuvant choice and dose in combination with the selected antigen. Methods: Here, we employed a preclinical mouse model to study the adaptive humoral and cellular immune responses to a SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) antigen formulated with one of four different immune agonists [GLA, 3M-052, CpG-1826 (CpG), and dmLT], in combination with one of two different immune-stimulating formulations, a stabilized squalene emulsion (SE) or aluminum hydroxide (Alum). Using a weighted desirability index, we established an immunogenicity ranking for each adjuvant in combination with the RBD antigen. Results: We found that formulations of the RBD with Alum in combination with either 3M-052 or CpG led to at least a 2-log increase in serum IgG production and a 1.3- to 2.2-log increase in the number of bone marrow-derived antibody-secreting cells compared to the RBD formulated with Alum without an additional agonist. In contrast, the RBD formulated with SE in combination with 3M-052 or CpG did not elicit an IgG response greater than the unadjuvanted control. Additionally, RBD formulated with 3M-052 or CpG on Alum generated a 0.8- or 1.6-log lower splenocyte IL-5 response (a pro-Th2 marker), respectively, than Alum without an additional agonist. When formulated with 3M-052-Alum, a bivalent vaccine containing the original lineage (Wuhan-Hu-1) and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) RBD antigens led to a more than 2-log increase in neutralizing antibodies against an Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) pseudovirus in vaccinated animals compared to animals that received the monovalent RBD antigen. Discussion: Our results suggest that optimal immune responses to subunit antigens may be achieved through an orthogonal approach that applies adjuvant formulation, antigen combination, and advances in rational vaccine development techniques.
Related Topics
Concepts
Alum
Adjuvant
Immune system
Immunogenicity
Antigen
CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide
Immunology
Antibody
Immunopotentiator
Biology
Chemistry
Biochemistry
Gene
DNA methylation
Organic chemistry
Gene expression
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518/pdf?isPublishedV2=False
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 40
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4391609187
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4391609187Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Choice of adjuvant and antigen composition alters the immunogenic profile of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccineWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-02-07Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
William R. Lykins, Jeroen Pollet, Jessica A. White, Brian Keegan, Leroy Versteeg, Ulrich Strych, Wen‐Hsiang Chen, Raodoh Mohamath, Gabi Ramer-Denisoff, Sierra Reed, Samuel Beaver, Alana Gerhardt, Emily A. Voigt, Mark A. Tomai, Robert D. Sitrin, Robert K. M. Choy, Frederick J. Cassels, Peter J. Hotez, María Elena Bottazzi, Christopher B. FoxList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518/pdf?isPublishedV2=FalseDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518/pdf?isPublishedV2=FalseDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Alum, Adjuvant, Immune system, Immunogenicity, Antigen, CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide, Immunology, Antibody, Immunopotentiator, Biology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Gene, DNA methylation, Organic chemistry, Gene expressionTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
40Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4391609187 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40836992 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4391609187 |
| fwci | 1.038112 |
| type | article |
| title | Choice of adjuvant and antigen composition alters the immunogenic profile of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 4 |
| biblio.last_page | 1342518 |
| biblio.first_page | 1342518 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10118 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[0].display_name | SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10580 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Immunology and Microbiology |
| topics[1].score | 0.9984999895095825 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2403 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Immunology |
| topics[1].display_name | Immunotherapy and Immune Responses |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10167 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9962000250816345 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| topics[2].display_name | Influenza Virus Research Studies |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2780924562 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8376315832138062 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190527 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Alum |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2777863537 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.8035111427307129 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357896 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Adjuvant |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C8891405 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6798985004425049 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Immune system |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2780868878 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6767949461936951 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660197 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Immunogenicity |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C147483822 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6455961465835571 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Antigen |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C22801619 |
| concepts[5].level | 5 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.563103437423706 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477471 |
| concepts[5].display_name | CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C203014093 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5500510931015015 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Immunology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C159654299 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5073856711387634 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Antibody |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2911179620 |
| concepts[8].level | 3 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.45301583409309387 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901656 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Immunopotentiator |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.3232532739639282 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3119520843029022 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C55493867 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0862819254398346 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Biochemistry |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C104317684 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Gene |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C190727270 |
| concepts[13].level | 4 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874745 |
| concepts[13].display_name | DNA methylation |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C150194340 |
| concepts[15].level | 3 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Gene expression |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/alum |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8376315832138062 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Alum |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/adjuvant |
| keywords[1].score | 0.8035111427307129 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Adjuvant |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6798985004425049 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Immune system |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunogenicity |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6767949461936951 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Immunogenicity |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6455961465835571 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Antigen |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cpg-oligodeoxynucleotide |
| keywords[5].score | 0.563103437423706 |
| keywords[5].display_name | CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5500510931015015 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Immunology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5073856711387634 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Antibody |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunopotentiator |
| keywords[8].score | 0.45301583409309387 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Immunopotentiator |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.3232532739639282 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3119520843029022 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry |
| keywords[11].score | 0.0862819254398346 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Biochemistry |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4386621893 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2674-0850 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2674-0850 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Frontiers in Drug Delivery |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Frontiers Media |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518/pdf?isPublishedV2=False |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Frontiers in Drug Delivery |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40836992 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Frontiers in drug delivery |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40836992 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f548c0f6edd64e56889f7e3269b838a0 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Frontiers in Drug Delivery, Vol 4 (2024) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/f548c0f6edd64e56889f7e3269b838a0 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12363249 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Front Drug Deliv |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12363249 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5070260351 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-8733 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | William R. Lykins |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210160970, https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04ng4dd31 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Access to Advanced Health Institute |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04zncpe92 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Access to Wholistic and Productive Living Institute |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | William R. Lykins |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5085249714 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1420-4015 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Jeroen Pollet |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[1].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02pttbw34 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I181547552, https://openalex.org/I2801539370 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Baylor College of Medicine |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05cz92x43 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Texas Children's Hospital |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Jeroen Pollet |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5004674482 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1081-9522 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jessica A. White |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1304598786 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | PATH, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1304598786 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ycvrx49 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1304598786 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Program for Appropriate Technology in Health |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jessica A. White |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | PATH, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5082101414 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-8690 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Brian Keegan |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[3].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02pttbw34 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I181547552, https://openalex.org/I2801539370 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Baylor College of Medicine |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05cz92x43 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | Texas Children's Hospital |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Brian Keegan |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5056918526 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-5746 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Leroy Versteeg |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[4].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02pttbw34 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I181547552, https://openalex.org/I2801539370 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Baylor College of Medicine |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05cz92x43 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | Texas Children's Hospital |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Leroy Versteeg |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5089923491 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-7683 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Ulrich Strych |
| authorships[5].countries | US |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[5].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02pttbw34 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I181547552, https://openalex.org/I2801539370 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Baylor College of Medicine |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05cz92x43 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | Texas Children's Hospital |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Ulrich Strych |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5085813371 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0542-1598 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Wen‐Hsiang Chen |
| authorships[6].countries | US |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[6].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02pttbw34 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I181547552, https://openalex.org/I2801539370 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Baylor College of Medicine |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05cz92x43 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | Texas Children's Hospital |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Wen-Hsiang Chen |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5081638166 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Raodoh Mohamath |
| authorships[7].countries | US |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210160970, https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04ng4dd31 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Access to Advanced Health Institute |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04zncpe92 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | Access to Wholistic and Productive Living Institute |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Raodoh Mohamath |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5011286829 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Gabi Ramer-Denisoff |
| authorships[8].countries | US |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210160970, https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04ng4dd31 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Access to Advanced Health Institute |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04zncpe92 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].display_name | Access to Wholistic and Productive Living Institute |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Gabi Ramer-Denisoff |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5030474614 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-9595 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Sierra Reed |
| authorships[9].countries | US |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210160970, https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04ng4dd31 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Access to Advanced Health Institute |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04zncpe92 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].display_name | Access to Wholistic and Productive Living Institute |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Sierra Reed |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5015393283 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Samuel Beaver |
| authorships[10].countries | US |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210160970, https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04ng4dd31 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code | |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name | Access to Advanced Health Institute |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04zncpe92 |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].display_name | Access to Wholistic and Productive Living Institute |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Samuel Beaver |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5055324214 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6753-7134 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | Alana Gerhardt |
| authorships[11].countries | US |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210160970, https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04ng4dd31 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].country_code | |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].display_name | Access to Advanced Health Institute |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04zncpe92 |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].display_name | Access to Wholistic and Productive Living Institute |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | Alana Gerhardt |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].raw_affiliation_strings | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5056844195 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-4063 |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | Emily A. Voigt |
| authorships[12].countries | US |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210160970, https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04ng4dd31 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].country_code | |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].display_name | Access to Advanced Health Institute |
| authorships[12].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[12].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04zncpe92 |
| authorships[12].institutions[1].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[12].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[12].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[12].institutions[1].display_name | Access to Wholistic and Productive Living Institute |
| authorships[12].author_position | middle |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | Emily A. Voigt |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].raw_affiliation_strings | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[13].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5056386912 |
| authorships[13].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-9151 |
| authorships[13].author.display_name | Mark A. Tomai |
| authorships[13].countries | US |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801580383 |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 3M Health Care, St. Paul, MN, United States |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2801580383 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/056pg9759 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801580383 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].display_name | SSM Health Care |
| authorships[13].author_position | middle |
| authorships[13].raw_author_name | Mark A. Tomai |
| authorships[13].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[13].raw_affiliation_strings | 3M Health Care, St. Paul, MN, United States |
| authorships[14].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5067271698 |
| authorships[14].author.orcid | |
| authorships[14].author.display_name | Robert D. Sitrin |
| authorships[14].countries | US |
| authorships[14].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1304598786 |
| authorships[14].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | PATH, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1304598786 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ycvrx49 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1304598786 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].display_name | Program for Appropriate Technology in Health |
| authorships[14].author_position | middle |
| authorships[14].raw_author_name | Robert Sitrin |
| authorships[14].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[14].raw_affiliation_strings | PATH, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[15].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065831756 |
| authorships[15].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-4029 |
| authorships[15].author.display_name | Robert K. M. Choy |
| authorships[15].countries | US |
| authorships[15].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1304598786 |
| authorships[15].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | PATH, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1304598786 |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ycvrx49 |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1304598786 |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].display_name | Program for Appropriate Technology in Health |
| authorships[15].author_position | middle |
| authorships[15].raw_author_name | Robert K. M. Choy |
| authorships[15].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[15].raw_affiliation_strings | PATH, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[16].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5015560869 |
| authorships[16].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0502-6077 |
| authorships[16].author.display_name | Frederick J. Cassels |
| authorships[16].countries | US |
| authorships[16].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1304598786 |
| authorships[16].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | PATH, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1304598786 |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ycvrx49 |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1304598786 |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].display_name | Program for Appropriate Technology in Health |
| authorships[16].author_position | middle |
| authorships[16].raw_author_name | Frederick J. Cassels |
| authorships[16].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[16].raw_affiliation_strings | PATH, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[17].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5087704375 |
| authorships[17].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-1042 |
| authorships[17].author.display_name | Peter J. Hotez |
| authorships[17].countries | US |
| authorships[17].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[17].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[17].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[17].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[17].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[17].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[17].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I157394403 |
| authorships[17].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States |
| authorships[17].affiliations[4].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I74775410 |
| authorships[17].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02pttbw34 |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I181547552, https://openalex.org/I2801539370 |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].display_name | Baylor College of Medicine |
| authorships[17].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I157394403 |
| authorships[17].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/005781934 |
| authorships[17].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[17].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I157394403 |
| authorships[17].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[17].institutions[1].display_name | Baylor University |
| authorships[17].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I74775410 |
| authorships[17].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/008zs3103 |
| authorships[17].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[17].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I74775410 |
| authorships[17].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[17].institutions[2].display_name | Rice University |
| authorships[17].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[17].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/05cz92x43 |
| authorships[17].institutions[3].type | healthcare |
| authorships[17].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[17].institutions[3].country_code | US |
| authorships[17].institutions[3].display_name | Texas Children's Hospital |
| authorships[17].author_position | middle |
| authorships[17].raw_author_name | Peter J. Hotez |
| authorships[17].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[17].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[18].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029943451 |
| authorships[18].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-0476 |
| authorships[18].author.display_name | María Elena Bottazzi |
| authorships[18].countries | US |
| authorships[18].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[18].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[18].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[18].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[18].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[18].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[18].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I74775410 |
| authorships[18].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[18].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I181547552 |
| authorships[18].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02pttbw34 |
| authorships[18].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[18].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I181547552, https://openalex.org/I2801539370 |
| authorships[18].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[18].institutions[0].display_name | Baylor College of Medicine |
| authorships[18].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I74775410 |
| authorships[18].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/008zs3103 |
| authorships[18].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[18].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I74775410 |
| authorships[18].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[18].institutions[1].display_name | Rice University |
| authorships[18].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[18].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/05cz92x43 |
| authorships[18].institutions[2].type | healthcare |
| authorships[18].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210147586 |
| authorships[18].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[18].institutions[2].display_name | Texas Children's Hospital |
| authorships[18].author_position | middle |
| authorships[18].raw_author_name | Maria Elena Bottazzi |
| authorships[18].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[18].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States, Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, United States |
| authorships[19].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5034827691 |
| authorships[19].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-2619 |
| authorships[19].author.display_name | Christopher B. Fox |
| authorships[19].countries | US |
| authorships[19].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210160970, https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[19].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[19].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I201448701 |
| authorships[19].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States |
| authorships[19].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[19].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04ng4dd31 |
| authorships[19].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[19].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| authorships[19].institutions[0].country_code | |
| authorships[19].institutions[0].display_name | Access to Advanced Health Institute |
| authorships[19].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[19].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04zncpe92 |
| authorships[19].institutions[1].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[19].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210160970 |
| authorships[19].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[19].institutions[1].display_name | Access to Wholistic and Productive Living Institute |
| authorships[19].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I201448701 |
| authorships[19].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/00cvxb145 |
| authorships[19].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[19].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I201448701 |
| authorships[19].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[19].institutions[2].display_name | University of Washington |
| authorships[19].author_position | last |
| authorships[19].raw_author_name | Christopher B. Fox |
| authorships[19].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[19].raw_affiliation_strings | Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518/pdf?isPublishedV2=False |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Choice of adjuvant and antigen composition alters the immunogenic profile of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10118 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| primary_topic.display_name | SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2088139849, https://openalex.org/W2393152609, https://openalex.org/W2464521541, https://openalex.org/W1977114372, https://openalex.org/W2978251200, https://openalex.org/W2883400236, https://openalex.org/W1999684327, https://openalex.org/W2369911292, https://openalex.org/W2378910825, https://openalex.org/W1990485538 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4386621893 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2674-0850 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2674-0850 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Frontiers in Drug Delivery |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Frontiers Media |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518/pdf?isPublishedV2=False |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Frontiers in Drug Delivery |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4386621893 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2674-0850 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2674-0850 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Frontiers in Drug Delivery |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Frontiers Media |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518/pdf?isPublishedV2=False |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Frontiers in Drug Delivery |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2024.1342518 |
| publication_date | 2024-02-07 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3174144011, https://openalex.org/W2050740641, https://openalex.org/W2024089410, https://openalex.org/W2110223801, https://openalex.org/W2527986880, https://openalex.org/W1970924050, https://openalex.org/W3193891806, https://openalex.org/W3087423707, https://openalex.org/W1989850594, https://openalex.org/W4367315849, https://openalex.org/W4281251857, https://openalex.org/W1989525088, https://openalex.org/W2555426966, https://openalex.org/W3170320490, https://openalex.org/W4311448444, https://openalex.org/W4285387953, https://openalex.org/W2895493756, https://openalex.org/W4378783579, https://openalex.org/W2117047223, https://openalex.org/W2152842365, https://openalex.org/W4283073922, https://openalex.org/W4383228196, https://openalex.org/W3109969518, https://openalex.org/W4210714202, https://openalex.org/W3108193091, https://openalex.org/W4310595450, https://openalex.org/W2014382675, https://openalex.org/W4220782453, https://openalex.org/W1996859510, https://openalex.org/W3180989827, https://openalex.org/W3107751762, https://openalex.org/W4229334601, https://openalex.org/W2085498526, https://openalex.org/W4285589180, https://openalex.org/W2164153211, https://openalex.org/W3011537081, https://openalex.org/W4307922305, https://openalex.org/W4315434040, https://openalex.org/W2464328478, https://openalex.org/W3212576317 |
| referenced_works_count | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 12, 48, 62, 92, 102, 141, 149, 207, 229, 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(a | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SE | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 108, 170, 189, 222, 255, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 15, 38, 83, 114, 130, 144, 154, 180, 251, 260, 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 72, 87, 125, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 31, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 97, 135, 184, 202, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 27, 52, 61, 138, 151, 163, 245, 264, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 46, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CpG | 136, 185, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IgG | 146, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RBD | 118, 127, 165, 176, 198, 242, 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 25, 36, 57, 81, 148, 237, 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.did | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.led | 137, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 71, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 20, 32, 41, 54, 117, 126, 155, 164, 175, 194, 233, 238, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SE) | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.8- | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.3- | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Alum | 129, 168, 205, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IL-5 | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bone | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dose | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.four | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 193, 219, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 123, 266, 276, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 40, 70, 85, 116, 128, 132, 167, 178, 182, 200, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RBD) | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2-log | 142, 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Delta | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Since | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Using | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.[GLA, | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.least | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mouse | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.serum | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CpG), | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3M-052 | 134, 183, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.choice | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dmLT], | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.domain | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.either | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elicit | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.global | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immune | 21, 59, 75, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.index, | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.played | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Alum). | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.6-log | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2.2-log | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3M-052, | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Omicron | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.against | 8, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.animals | 262, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antigen | 68, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applies | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.binding | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depends | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greater | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.humoral | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lineage | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pivotal | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pro-Th2 | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ranking | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subunit | 6, 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggest | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vaccine | 231, 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variant | 240, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 169, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.COVID-19 | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CpG-1826 | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods: | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results: | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adaptive | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adjuvant | 34, 113, 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advances | 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agonist. | 172, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agonists | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aluminum | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antigen. | 43, 119, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antigens | 243, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bivalent | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cellular | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 162, 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control. | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employed | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emulsion | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 143, 153, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.marker), | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.original | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality, | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rational | 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.received | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.receptor | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.response | 191, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selected | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.squalene | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vaccines | 7, 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weighted | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contrast, | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 74, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generated | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydroxide | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.responses | 60, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Optimizing | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SARS-CoV-2 | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 171, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adjuvanted | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amplitude, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antibodies | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.containing | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.durability | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formulated | 69, 166, 177, 199, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monovalent | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.orthogonal | 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protecting | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.splenocyte | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stabilized | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vaccinated | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(B.1.1.529) | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(B.1.617.2) | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Discussion: | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appropriate | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combination | 39, 84, 115, 131, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preclinical | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pseudovirus | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recombinant | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques. | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Wuhan-Hu-1) | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3M-052-Alum, | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combination, | 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.desirability | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formulation, | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formulations | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neutralizing | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.populations. | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.response’s | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unadjuvanted | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Additionally, | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Introduction: | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formulations, | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduction, | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively, | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immunogenicity | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.marrow-derived | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antibody-secreting | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immune-stimulating | 90 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 94 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 90 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5034827691 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 20 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I201448701, https://openalex.org/I4210160970, https://openalex.org/I4396570650 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.41999998688697815 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.59160809 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |