Case presentation: Woman, 48 years old, infertile, with dysmenorrhea, episodic headache since the age of 35 with weekly attacks and worsening related to the menstrual cycle. In 2020, she developed a sudden onset of dyspnea and chest pain, during menstruation which progressed to pneumothorax. A biopsy of the right upper lung lobe identified subpleural emphysema which, associated with the clinical picture of intense dysmenorrhea and magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis, was presumptively diagnosed as a pulmonary…