Cinchona officinalis Phytochemicals-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Cytotoxicity and Stimulate Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells Article Swipe
Laila Naif Al‐Harbi
,
Ghedier M. Al-Shammari
,
Pandurangan Subash‐Babu
,
Mohammed A. Mohammed
,
Roaa Ahmed Alkreadees
,
Abu ElGasim A. Yagoub
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193393
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193393
The present study aimed to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles loaded with quinine and alkaloids-rich Cinchona officinalis (Peruvian bark) stem bark extract, and further evaluate their cytotoxic effect and apoptosis mechanisms in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Nanoparticles were prepared by biological reduction of iron oxide with Cinchona officinalis extract, using the green synthesis method. The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro cytotoxicity analyses of Cinchona officinalis extract, ferrous oxide, and Cinchona officinalis extract-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles (CO-NPs) were carried out using the MTT test for 24 h and 48 h. We found that CO-NPs reduced the MCF-7 cell viability with IC50 values of 16.2 and 9 µg/mL in 24 h and 48 h, respectively. In addition, CO-NPs were tested with normal hMSCs to determine their toxicity, and we did not find noticeable cytotoxicity. Confocal fluorescent microscopy revealed that CO-NPs efficiently increased the nuclear condensation and chromatin damage in propidium iodide staining; meanwhile, there was decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in CO-NPs-treated MCF-7 cells. In addition, AO-EB staining confirmed the late apoptotic and apoptotic morphology of cancer cells. Further gene expression analysis confirmed that the upregulation of tumor suppressors, Cdkn1A, Prb, and p53 was significantly increased, and inflammatory traits such as TNF-α and Nf-κb were increased in cancer cells treated with CO-NPs. Apoptotic stimulators such as Bax and caspase-3 expression were highly significantly increased, while mdm-2 and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased. Overall, the enhanced cytotoxic potential of the Cinchona officianlis stem bark extract loaded CO-NPs versus free Cinchona officianlis extract might be due to the functional stabilization of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, quinine, flavonoids, phenolics, etc., into the iron oxide, providing bioavailability and internalization of cinchona metabolites intracellularly.
Related Topics
Concepts
Propidium iodide
Cytotoxicity
MTT assay
MCF-7
Chemistry
Apoptosis
Viability assay
Cancer cell
Nuclear chemistry
Biochemistry
Biology
Programmed cell death
In vitro
Cancer
Human breast
Genetics
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193393
- https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3393/pdf?version=1664355896
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 15
- References
- 82
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4297522839
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4297522839Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193393Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Cinchona officinalis Phytochemicals-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Cytotoxicity and Stimulate Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer CellsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-09-28Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Laila Naif Al‐Harbi, Ghedier M. Al-Shammari, Pandurangan Subash‐Babu, Mohammed A. Mohammed, Roaa Ahmed Alkreadees, Abu ElGasim A. YagoubList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193393Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3393/pdf?version=1664355896Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3393/pdf?version=1664355896Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Propidium iodide, Cytotoxicity, MTT assay, MCF-7, Chemistry, Apoptosis, Viability assay, Cancer cell, Nuclear chemistry, Biochemistry, Biology, Programmed cell death, In vitro, Cancer, Human breast, GeneticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
15Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 9, 2024: 3, 2023: 2, 2022: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
82Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4297522839 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193393 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193393 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36234520 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4297522839 |
| fwci | 1.84502332 |
| type | article |
| title | Cinchona officinalis Phytochemicals-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Cytotoxicity and Stimulate Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells |
| biblio.issue | 19 |
| biblio.volume | 12 |
| biblio.last_page | 3393 |
| biblio.first_page | 3393 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10079 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9930999875068665 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[0].display_name | Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10063 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9843999743461609 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2502 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Biomaterials |
| topics[1].display_name | Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11319 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].score | 0.9828000068664551 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1313 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Molecular Medicine |
| topics[2].display_name | Curcumin's Biomedical Applications |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2400 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2598 |
| apc_paid.value | 2400 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2598 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2775934118 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6652196645736694 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424169 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Propidium iodide |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C109316439 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6537611484527588 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Cytotoxicity |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2780783641 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5526707768440247 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738686 |
| concepts[2].display_name | MTT assay |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C109541995 |
| concepts[3].level | 5 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5499824285507202 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1881253 |
| concepts[3].display_name | MCF-7 |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5445908904075623 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C190283241 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.53410804271698 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Apoptosis |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C53227056 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.464056134223938 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189152 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Viability assay |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C96232424 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.43134114146232605 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Cancer cell |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C13965031 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.35781776905059814 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Nuclear chemistry |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C55493867 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.3198014497756958 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Biochemistry |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.20180904865264893 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C31573885 |
| concepts[11].level | 3 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.1464429795742035 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Programmed cell death |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C202751555 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.12134084105491638 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681 |
| concepts[12].display_name | In vitro |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C121608353 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.09585335850715637 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Cancer |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C2994423619 |
| concepts[14].level | 4 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9103 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Human breast |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C54355233 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Genetics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/propidium-iodide |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6652196645736694 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Propidium iodide |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6537611484527588 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Cytotoxicity |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mtt-assay |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5526707768440247 |
| keywords[2].display_name | MTT assay |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mcf-7 |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5499824285507202 |
| keywords[3].display_name | MCF-7 |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5445908904075623 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis |
| keywords[5].score | 0.53410804271698 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Apoptosis |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/viability-assay |
| keywords[6].score | 0.464056134223938 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Viability assay |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-cell |
| keywords[7].score | 0.43134114146232605 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Cancer cell |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-chemistry |
| keywords[8].score | 0.35781776905059814 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Nuclear chemistry |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry |
| keywords[9].score | 0.3198014497756958 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Biochemistry |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[10].score | 0.20180904865264893 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/programmed-cell-death |
| keywords[11].score | 0.1464429795742035 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Programmed cell death |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vitro |
| keywords[12].score | 0.12134084105491638 |
| keywords[12].display_name | In vitro |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer |
| keywords[13].score | 0.09585335850715637 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Cancer |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/nano12193393 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764646681 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2079-4991 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2079-4991 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Nanomaterials |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3393/pdf?version=1664355896 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Nanomaterials |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193393 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:36234520 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36234520 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9565860 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Nanomaterials (Basel) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9565860 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-4991/12/19/3393/ |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].license | cc-by |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Nanomaterials; Volume 12; Issue 19; Pages: 3393 |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12193393 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1506868ee08945b1b10e9fb69a490cf8 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[4].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | article |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Nanomaterials, Vol 12, Iss 19, p 3393 (2022) |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/1506868ee08945b1b10e9fb69a490cf8 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5040733942 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8898-5681 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Laila Naif Al‐Harbi |
| authorships[0].countries | SA |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Laila Naif Al-Harbi |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5112865687 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Ghedier M. Al-Shammari |
| authorships[1].countries | SA |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Ghedier M. Al-Shammari |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023242595 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-071X |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Pandurangan Subash‐Babu |
| authorships[2].countries | SA |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Pandurangan Subash-Babu |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5111712249 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Mohammed A. Mohammed |
| authorships[3].countries | SA |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Mohammed A. Mohammed |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5037247359 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Roaa Ahmed Alkreadees |
| authorships[4].countries | SA |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Roaa Ahmed Alkreadees |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062317057 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-6361 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Abu ElGasim A. Yagoub |
| authorships[5].countries | SA |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Abu ElGasim Ahmed Yagoub |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3393/pdf?version=1664355896 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Cinchona officinalis Phytochemicals-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Cytotoxicity and Stimulate Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10079 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Materials Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9930999875068665 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| primary_topic.display_name | Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2286727149, https://openalex.org/W1933341309, https://openalex.org/W4385687789, https://openalex.org/W2341333145, https://openalex.org/W1993427159, https://openalex.org/W2364607912, https://openalex.org/W1191950147, https://openalex.org/W2414266434, https://openalex.org/W2349543669, https://openalex.org/W3030667680 |
| cited_by_count | 15 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/nano12193393 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764646681 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2079-4991 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2079-4991 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Nanomaterials |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3393/pdf?version=1664355896 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Nanomaterials |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193393 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/nano12193393 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764646681 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2079-4991 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2079-4991 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Nanomaterials |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3393/pdf?version=1664355896 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Nanomaterials |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193393 |
| publication_date | 2022-09-28 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2762285338, https://openalex.org/W6640293284, https://openalex.org/W3213504404, https://openalex.org/W2771830875, https://openalex.org/W2550265948, https://openalex.org/W1988279538, https://openalex.org/W2114918609, https://openalex.org/W2167247431, https://openalex.org/W2165178639, https://openalex.org/W3047434459, https://openalex.org/W1967916145, https://openalex.org/W1484926541, https://openalex.org/W2039779547, https://openalex.org/W2952286302, https://openalex.org/W3216659446, https://openalex.org/W2806631867, https://openalex.org/W2740917951, https://openalex.org/W2988114864, https://openalex.org/W2059636857, https://openalex.org/W2999558269, https://openalex.org/W2483335815, https://openalex.org/W2154469720, https://openalex.org/W2112231463, https://openalex.org/W2899776574, https://openalex.org/W1890430830, https://openalex.org/W2945311738, https://openalex.org/W2921304826, https://openalex.org/W1932103015, https://openalex.org/W2885228543, https://openalex.org/W3093099486, https://openalex.org/W3181966090, https://openalex.org/W6777478464, https://openalex.org/W2602338500, https://openalex.org/W3004226607, https://openalex.org/W2511874347, https://openalex.org/W2277663110, https://openalex.org/W2576085116, https://openalex.org/W6740884907, https://openalex.org/W4280507134, https://openalex.org/W4221012485, https://openalex.org/W2414236267, https://openalex.org/W2086680495, https://openalex.org/W2057257609, https://openalex.org/W2748485009, https://openalex.org/W2084329490, https://openalex.org/W2227315320, https://openalex.org/W2121239285, https://openalex.org/W2094179249, https://openalex.org/W2502726229, https://openalex.org/W3044288852, https://openalex.org/W2072819497, https://openalex.org/W2471567701, https://openalex.org/W3186075336, https://openalex.org/W2058451140, https://openalex.org/W3080387666, https://openalex.org/W3005100596, https://openalex.org/W2580769970, https://openalex.org/W1986631914, https://openalex.org/W2882137215, https://openalex.org/W2163007050, https://openalex.org/W1552266425, https://openalex.org/W1974498229, https://openalex.org/W2066275626, https://openalex.org/W2071864203, https://openalex.org/W1979649191, https://openalex.org/W2028582699, https://openalex.org/W2020321505, https://openalex.org/W1994682335, https://openalex.org/W2029431569, https://openalex.org/W2016540525, https://openalex.org/W2325707043, https://openalex.org/W2094058057, https://openalex.org/W2039270476, https://openalex.org/W2049546912, https://openalex.org/W7073698776, https://openalex.org/W3086105112, https://openalex.org/W2090954511, https://openalex.org/W2620241325, https://openalex.org/W3025872583, https://openalex.org/W2077605558, https://openalex.org/W2736566083, https://openalex.org/W3217690046 |
| referenced_works_count | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.9 | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.h | 95, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.24 | 94, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.48 | 97, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 68, 123, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 207, 222, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 38, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.h, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.h. | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 30, 116, 156, 167, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 41, 72, 111, 182, 193, 243, 264, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 4, 131, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bax | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MTT | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 12, 21, 27, 60, 63, 78, 96, 113, 119, 135, 153, 179, 198, 203, 209, 224, 233, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.did | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.p53 | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 49, 90, 104, 150, 176, 191, 239, 244, 261, 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 162, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.16.2 | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IC50 | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Prb, | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.XRD, | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bark | 19, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.find | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.free | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gene | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.iron | 6, 42, 82, 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.late | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stem | 18, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 206, 221, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 101, 146, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 36, 55, 86, 126, 211, 227, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 10, 44, 108, 128, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AO-EB | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bcl-2 | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MCF-7 | 31, 105, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aimed | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bark) | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.etc., | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.green | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hMSCs | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mdm-2 | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.might | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxide | 7, 43, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 24, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tumor | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 48, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vitro | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TEM). | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CO-NPs | 102, 125, 147, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.FT-IR, | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Nf-κb | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TNF-α | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.UV-vis | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.breast | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cancer | 33, 183, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells. | 34, 170, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damage | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highly | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.iodide | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loaded | 9, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.normal | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxide, | 77, 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tested | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traits | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.versus | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.µg/mL | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CO-NPs. | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cdkn1A, | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Further | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carried | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extract | 249, 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ferrous | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method. | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nuclear | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quinine | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treated | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CO-NPs) | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cinchona | 14, 45, 73, 79, 245, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Confocal | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Overall, | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyses | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cinchona | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electron | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extract, | 20, 47, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.membrane | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prepared | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quinine, | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.revealed | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.staining | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Peruvian | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Apoptotic | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition, | 124, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.apoptosis | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.apoptotic | 178, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bioactive | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.caspase-3 | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chromatin | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confirmed | 175, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cytotoxic | 25, 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreased | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determine | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 149, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 166, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propidium | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.providing | 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.staining; | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesis | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toxicity, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viability | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alkaloids, | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biological | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compounds, | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreased. | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expression | 187, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functional | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased, | 202, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meanwhile, | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microscopy | 66, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.morphology | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noticeable | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phenolics, | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesize | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiently | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flavonoids, | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluorescent | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metabolites | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.officianlis | 246, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.officinalis | 15, 46, 74, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stimulators | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.condensation | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cytotoxicity | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inflammatory | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopy | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suppressors, | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmission | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upregulation | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Nanoparticles | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterized | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cytotoxicity. | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitochondrial | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanoparticles | 8, 54, 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively. | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 201, 229, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stabilization | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CO-NPs-treated | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alkaloids-rich | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extract-loaded | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bioavailability | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.internalization | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intracellularly. | 285 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5040733942, https://openalex.org/A5112865687 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.4399999976158142 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.77094739 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |