Closed-Form Solutions for Control of Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Article Swipe

View

Behzad Heydaryan Manesh , Naim Bajçinca , Mohammad Al Khatib , Maryam Babazadeh , Kai Sundmacher ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt

We develop a control-oriented model for manipulating calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation through pH and/or dissolved CO2(aq) adjustments in a semi-batch process. We present two open-loop control strategies: first, a closed-form optimal control solution derived via Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle; and second, an orbital-flatnessbased method for boundary condition control of the particle size distribution. Despite its theoretical emphasis, the proposed methodology is readily applicable either as a direct open-loop strategy for process control or as a trajectory planning in combination with feedback in practical implementations.

Related Topics

Concepts

Calcium carbonate Precipitation Carbonate Calcium Geology Mineralogy Geochemistry Chemistry Chemical engineering Geography Engineering Meteorology Organic chemistry

Metadata

Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt
OA Status: gold
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4409073040

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4409073040

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Closed-Form Solutions for Control of Calcium Carbonate Precipitation

Work title
Type: preprint

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2025

Year of publication
Publication date: 2025-04-01

Full publication date if available
Authors: Behzad Heydaryan Manesh, Naim Bajçinca, Mohammad Al Khatib, Maryam Babazadeh, Kai Sundmacher

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt

Publisher landing page
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: gold

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Calcium carbonate, Precipitation, Carbonate, Calcium, Geology, Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Chemistry, Chemical engineering, Geography, Engineering, Meteorology, Organic chemistry

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 0

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4409073040
doi	https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4409073040
fwci
type	preprint
title	Closed-Form Solutions for Control of Calcium Carbonate Precipitation
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T13596
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[0].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[0].score	0.567799985408783
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2205
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Civil and Structural Engineering
topics[0].display_name	Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T11278
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/25
topics[1].field.display_name	Materials Science
topics[1].score	0.5364000201225281
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2502
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Biomaterials
topics[1].display_name	Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C2778039128
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.699509859085083
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23767
concepts[0].display_name	Calcium carbonate
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C107054158
concepts[1].level	2
concepts[1].score	0.6718547940254211
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257
concepts[1].display_name	Precipitation
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C2780659211
concepts[2].level	2
concepts[2].score	0.5522461533546448
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181699
concepts[2].display_name	Carbonate
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C519063684
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.4941752254962921
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706
concepts[3].display_name	Calcium
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C127313418
concepts[4].level	0
concepts[4].score	0.43939846754074097
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069
concepts[4].display_name	Geology
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C199289684
concepts[5].level	1
concepts[5].score	0.4126244783401489
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353
concepts[5].display_name	Mineralogy
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C17409809
concepts[6].level	1
concepts[6].score	0.41054603457450867
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764
concepts[6].display_name	Geochemistry
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C185592680
concepts[7].level	0
concepts[7].score	0.34325143694877625
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329
concepts[7].display_name	Chemistry
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C42360764
concepts[8].level	1
concepts[8].score	0.2867281138896942
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588
concepts[8].display_name	Chemical engineering
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C205649164
concepts[9].level	0
concepts[9].score	0.11568567156791687
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071
concepts[9].display_name	Geography
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C127413603
concepts[10].level	0
concepts[10].score	0.11380484700202942
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023
concepts[10].display_name	Engineering
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C153294291
concepts[11].level	1
concepts[11].score	0.085968017578125
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261
concepts[11].display_name	Meteorology
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C178790620
concepts[12].level	1
concepts[12].score	0.05290982127189636
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351
concepts[12].display_name	Organic chemistry
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-carbonate
keywords[0].score	0.699509859085083
keywords[0].display_name	Calcium carbonate
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation
keywords[1].score	0.6718547940254211
keywords[1].display_name	Precipitation
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/carbonate
keywords[2].score	0.5522461533546448
keywords[2].display_name	Carbonate
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium
keywords[3].score	0.4941752254962921
keywords[3].display_name	Calcium
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/geology
keywords[4].score	0.43939846754074097
keywords[4].display_name	Geology
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/mineralogy
keywords[5].score	0.4126244783401489
keywords[5].display_name	Mineralogy
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/geochemistry
keywords[6].score	0.41054603457450867
keywords[6].display_name	Geochemistry
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry
keywords[7].score	0.34325143694877625
keywords[7].display_name	Chemistry
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering
keywords[8].score	0.2867281138896942
keywords[8].display_name	Chemical engineering
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/geography
keywords[9].score	0.11568567156791687
keywords[9].display_name	Geography
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering
keywords[10].score	0.11380484700202942
keywords[10].display_name	Engineering
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology
keywords[11].score	0.085968017578125
keywords[11].display_name	Meteorology
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry
keywords[12].score	0.05290982127189636
keywords[12].display_name	Organic chemistry
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url
locations[0].version	acceptedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	posted-content
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	False
locations[0].raw_source_name
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt
indexed_in	crossref
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5116873954
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3358-8879
authorships[0].author.display_name	Behzad Heydaryan Manesh
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Behzad Heydaryan Manesh
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5076974853
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-4859
authorships[1].author.display_name	Naim Bajçinca
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Naim Bajcinca
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5033668390
authorships[2].author.orcid
authorships[2].author.display_name	Mohammad Al Khatib
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Mohammad Al Khatib
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5004520439
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-8745
authorships[3].author.display_name	Maryam Babazadeh
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Maryam Babazadeh
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5036444315
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-0593
authorships[4].author.display_name	Kai Sundmacher
authorships[4].countries	DE
authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210127568
authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg
authorships[4].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210127568
authorships[4].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/030h7k016
authorships[4].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I149899117, https://openalex.org/I4210127568
authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code	DE
authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name	Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
authorships[4].author_position	last
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Kai Sundmacher
authorships[4].is_corresponding	False
authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings	Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt
open_access.oa_status	gold
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Closed-Form Solutions for Control of Calcium Carbonate Precipitation
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T13596
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
primary_topic.field.display_name	Engineering
primary_topic.score	0.567799985408783
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2205
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Civil and Structural Engineering
primary_topic.display_name	Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics
related_works	https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W1499732058, https://openalex.org/W2357294060, https://openalex.org/W2316319873, https://openalex.org/W2965131088, https://openalex.org/W2258480176, https://openalex.org/W1977182930, https://openalex.org/W2523800526, https://openalex.org/W2155943915, https://openalex.org/W2489427931
cited_by_count	0
locations_count	1
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url
best_oa_location.version	acceptedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	posted-content
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt
primary_location.id	doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url
primary_location.version	acceptedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	posted-content
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-hg5dt
publication_date	2025-04-01
publication_year	2025
referenced_works_count	0
abstract_inverted_index.a	2, 18, 28, 64, 73
abstract_inverted_index.We	0, 21
abstract_inverted_index.an	40
abstract_inverted_index.as	63, 72
abstract_inverted_index.in	17, 76, 80
abstract_inverted_index.is	59
abstract_inverted_index.of	47
abstract_inverted_index.or	71
abstract_inverted_index.pH	12
abstract_inverted_index.and	38
abstract_inverted_index.for	5, 43, 68
abstract_inverted_index.its	53
abstract_inverted_index.the	48, 56
abstract_inverted_index.two	23
abstract_inverted_index.via	34
abstract_inverted_index.size	50
abstract_inverted_index.with	78
abstract_inverted_index.model	4
abstract_inverted_index.and/or	13
abstract_inverted_index.direct	65
abstract_inverted_index.either	62
abstract_inverted_index.first,	27
abstract_inverted_index.method	42
abstract_inverted_index.(CaCO3)	9
abstract_inverted_index.CO2(aq)	15
abstract_inverted_index.Despite	52
abstract_inverted_index.Minimum	36
abstract_inverted_index.calcium	7
abstract_inverted_index.control	25, 31, 46, 70
abstract_inverted_index.derived	33
abstract_inverted_index.develop	1
abstract_inverted_index.optimal	30
abstract_inverted_index.present	22
abstract_inverted_index.process	69
abstract_inverted_index.readily	60
abstract_inverted_index.second,	39
abstract_inverted_index.through	11
abstract_inverted_index.boundary	44
abstract_inverted_index.feedback	79
abstract_inverted_index.particle	49
abstract_inverted_index.planning	75
abstract_inverted_index.process.	20
abstract_inverted_index.proposed	57
abstract_inverted_index.solution	32
abstract_inverted_index.strategy	67
abstract_inverted_index.carbonate	8
abstract_inverted_index.condition	45
abstract_inverted_index.dissolved	14
abstract_inverted_index.emphasis,	55
abstract_inverted_index.open-loop	24, 66
abstract_inverted_index.practical	81
abstract_inverted_index.Principle;	37
abstract_inverted_index.applicable	61
abstract_inverted_index.semi-batch	19
abstract_inverted_index.trajectory	74
abstract_inverted_index.adjustments	16
abstract_inverted_index.closed-form	29
abstract_inverted_index.combination	77
abstract_inverted_index.methodology	58
abstract_inverted_index.strategies:	26
abstract_inverted_index.theoretical	54
abstract_inverted_index.manipulating	6
abstract_inverted_index.distribution.	51
abstract_inverted_index.precipitation	10
abstract_inverted_index.Pontryagin’s	35
abstract_inverted_index.control-oriented	3
abstract_inverted_index.implementations.	82
abstract_inverted_index.orbital-flatnessbased	41
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	5
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.11856581
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False