Cognitive functioning in criminal offenders: A multi-level meta-analysis Article Swipe
Juliette Hutten
,
Tim Ziermans
,
Hilde M. Geurts
,
Geert Jan J. M. Stams
,
Joan E. van Horn
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/s48rn_v3
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/s48rn_v3
Cognitive functioning is increasingly recognized as an important factor in understanding offending behavior, yet findings across cognitive domains remain fragmented and inconsistent. This multi-level meta-analysis investigates the relationship between criminal offending and cognitive functioning. A search of PubMed, PSYCINFO, and Web of Science (January 2000-March 2025) yielded 101 studies (Nparticipants=12,789, Neffect sizes=1,757). Multi-level meta-analyses were conducted for each cognitive domain, comparing neuropsychological test performance between offenders and non-offending comparisons (non-offending clinical groups and general population groups). The meta-analyses confirmed weaker cognitive test performance in offenders compared to non-offending control groups. The average weighted effect size (g = 0.44) falls within the small to medium range. Significant differences were observed between offenders and comparisons across all DSM-5 neurocognitive domains: attention (g = 0.33), executive functions (g = 0.40), language (g = 0.53), learning/memory (g = 0.36), perceptual-motor functions (g = 0.24), and social cognition (g = 0.56). Tests differed in their ability to differentiate between offenders and comparison groups. Moderator analyses showed that observed differences in performance were largely absent when offenders were compared to clinical comparison groups, suggesting that impairments may reflect general clinical dysfunction rather than offender-specific deficits. These findings suggest that cognitive impairments may not be specific to offending behavior but rather reflect broader clinical dysfunction. However, such impairments could still play an indirect role in offending by reducing treatment responsivity or increasing the likelihood of dropout, both of which are known risk factors for reoffending. Keywords: Neuropsychological Tests; Forensic Psychology; Criminal Behavior; Aggression; Meta-Analysis; Cognitive Functioning.
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Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/s48rn_v3
- https://osf.io/s48rn_v3/download
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- gold
- References
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https://openalex.org/W4411576867Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/s48rn_v3Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Cognitive functioning in criminal offenders: A multi-level meta-analysisWork title
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preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-06-24Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Juliette Hutten, Tim Ziermans, Hilde M. Geurts, Geert Jan J. M. Stams, Joan E. van HornList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/s48rn_v3Publisher landing page
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https://osf.io/s48rn_v3/downloadDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://osf.io/s48rn_v3/downloadDirect OA link when available
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Meta-analysis, Psychology, Cognition, Psychiatry, Medicine, Internal medicineTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.Behavior; | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cognitive | 0, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Keywords: | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moderator | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PSYCINFO, | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attention | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behavior, | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cognition | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cognitive | 16, 32, 58, 80, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparing | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confirmed | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deficits. | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.executive | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions | 123, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offenders | 65, 84, 110, 154, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offending | 11, 30, 200, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2000-March | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison | 156, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fragmented | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasing | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.likelihood | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recognized | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggesting | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Aggression; | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Multi-level | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Psychology; | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Significant | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparisons | 68, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 106, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dysfunction | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functioning | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impairments | 179, 194, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-level | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 63, 82, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Functioning. | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dysfunction. | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functioning. | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasingly | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigates | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relationship | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reoffending. | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.responsivity | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differentiate | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inconsistent. | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meta-analyses | 53, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meta-analysis | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-offending | 67, 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sizes=1,757). | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understanding | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(non-offending | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Meta-Analysis; | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neurocognitive | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.learning/memory | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perceptual-motor | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offender-specific | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Neuropsychological | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neuropsychological | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Nparticipants=12,789, | 49 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.2783767 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |