Colitis and Proctitis Caused by Pythium insidiosum in a Dog Article Swipe

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Francisco Herbeson Aquino Silva , Bruno Vinícios Silva de Araújo , Rosiléa Alves de Sousa , Jucélio da Silva Gameleira , Mario Henrique Giordano Fontes , Yanca Góes dos Santos Soares , Glauco José Nogueira de Galiza , Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.141158

Background: Gastrointestinal pythiosis, caused by Pythium insidiosum, is a severe and underdiagnosed disease in dogs, posing significant diagnostic and treatment challenges. Brazil ranks 2nd globally in reported pythiosis cases, with 29 cases occurring in dogs, which exhibited the highest fatality rate among reported cases in the country, with most showing gastrointestinal involvement. Understanding this condition’s epidemiology and diagnostic intricacies is crucial for improving management strategies and outcomes in affected animals. We aimed to elucidate the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and outcomes of a gastrointestinal pythiosis case in a young dog from Mossoró, Brazil. Case: A 1-year-and-1-month-old, 20 kg male mixed-breed dog presented with gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea, hematochezia, and weight loss) following the rainy season in Mossoró, Brazil. The dog, which had access to a balcony and brick-paved yard, had no direct rain exposure but fell ill shortly after the rainy period. Initial veterinary examination revealed eosinophilia (3,432 eosinophils/mm³), suggesting bacterial or parasitic gastroenteritis. Treatment included deworming, enrofloxacin, and multivitamins, leading to initial improvement. However, symptoms recurred, and 5 months later, the dog exhibited worsened symptoms, including significant weight loss (from 20 kg to 13 kg) and increased eosinophilia (4,224 eosinophils/mm³), prompting further evaluation. Abdominal ultrasonography indicated thickened colon walls (0.99 cm), loss of wall stratification, and a suspected neoplasm (4.25 cm × 2.90 cm). Exploratory laparotomy revealed extensive intestinal adhesions and hypervascularization, leading to euthanasia due to poor prognosis. Necropsy revealed whitish necrotic areas in the colon and rectum with enlarged lymph nodes showing necrotic foci. Histopathological examination confirmed transmural pyogranulomatous inflammation with fibrous tissue proliferation and infiltrating macrophages, plasma cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Multinucleated giant cells surrounded caseous necrotic areas containing intralesional fungal hyphae (4–10 μm in diameter, irregular branching). Grocott-Gomori's methenamine silver (GMS) staining highlighted these hyphae, with strong immunostaining for P. insidiosum using immunohistochemistry. Discussion: This report describes a case of colitis, proctitis, and lymphadenitis in a young mixed-breed dog from Rio Grande do Norte's semi-arid region, caused by P. insidiosum infection confirmed via immunohistochemistry. Post mortem diagnosis, following exploratory laparotomy, revealed advanced intestinal involvement that precluded surgical resection, highlighting the critical need for early diagnosis to improve prognosis. A previous case in the same region involved anal mucocutaneous junction lesions treated with itraconazole and terbinafine. In this present case, clinical signs including vomiting, diarrhea, hematochezia, and weight loss initially suggested parasitic gastroenteritis. Histopathological analysis confirmed pyogranulomatous inflammation with eosinophilic infiltrates and necrotic areas indicative of P. insidiosum hyphae, visualized with GMS staining. Immunohistochemistry confirmed P. insidiosum involvement, which was essential for a definitive diagnosis. This case highlights the diagnostic complexities and severe outcomes of gastrointestinal pythiosis in dogs, emphasizing the need for early detection and precise management to improve treatment outcomes in affected animals. Keywords: fungal-like infection, gastrointestinal infection, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, oomycetes, pythiosis.

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Medicine Exploratory laparotomy Eosinophilia Abdominal pain Abdominal ultrasonography Internal medicine Veterinary medicine Gastroenterology Surgery Computed tomography

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Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.141158
PDF: https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/ActaScientiaeVeterinariae/article/download/141158/94941
OA Status: diamond
References: 16
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4411401383

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.141158

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Title: Colitis and Proctitis Caused by Pythium insidiosum in a Dog

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Type: article

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-01-11

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Authors: Francisco Herbeson Aquino Silva, Bruno Vinícios Silva de Araújo, Rosiléa Alves de Sousa, Jucélio da Silva Gameleira, Mario Henrique Giordano Fontes, Yanca Góes dos Santos Soares, Glauco José Nogueira de Galiza, Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.141158

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PDF URL: https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/ActaScientiaeVeterinariae/article/download/141158/94941

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Concepts: Medicine, Exploratory laparotomy, Eosinophilia, Abdominal pain, Abdominal ultrasonography, Internal medicine, Veterinary medicine, Gastroenterology, Surgery, Computed tomography

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abstract_inverted_index.region	359
abstract_inverted_index.report	300
abstract_inverted_index.season	114
abstract_inverted_index.severe	9, 426
abstract_inverted_index.silver	284
abstract_inverted_index.strong	291
abstract_inverted_index.tissue	255
abstract_inverted_index.weight	109, 178, 381
abstract_inverted_index.(4–10	276
abstract_inverted_index.Brazil.	92, 117
abstract_inverted_index.Initial	142
abstract_inverted_index.Norte's	318
abstract_inverted_index.Pythium	5
abstract_inverted_index.balcony	125
abstract_inverted_index.caseous	269
abstract_inverted_index.crucial	60
abstract_inverted_index.disease	12
abstract_inverted_index.fibrous	254
abstract_inverted_index.further	192
abstract_inverted_index.highest	38
abstract_inverted_index.hyphae,	289, 402
abstract_inverted_index.improve	351, 443
abstract_inverted_index.initial	162
abstract_inverted_index.leading	160, 223
abstract_inverted_index.lesions	364
abstract_inverted_index.period.	141
abstract_inverted_index.precise	440
abstract_inverted_index.present	372
abstract_inverted_index.region,	320
abstract_inverted_index.shortly	137
abstract_inverted_index.showing	49, 244
abstract_inverted_index.treated	365
abstract_inverted_index.whitish	232
abstract_inverted_index.However,	164
abstract_inverted_index.Necropsy	230
abstract_inverted_index.advanced	336
abstract_inverted_index.affected	68, 447
abstract_inverted_index.analysis	388
abstract_inverted_index.animals.	69, 448
abstract_inverted_index.clinical	75, 374
abstract_inverted_index.colitis,	305
abstract_inverted_index.country,	46
abstract_inverted_index.critical	345
abstract_inverted_index.enlarged	241
abstract_inverted_index.exposure	133
abstract_inverted_index.fatality	39
abstract_inverted_index.globally	24
abstract_inverted_index.included	155
abstract_inverted_index.involved	360
abstract_inverted_index.junction	363
abstract_inverted_index.necrotic	233, 245, 270, 396
abstract_inverted_index.neoplasm	209
abstract_inverted_index.outcomes	66, 80, 427, 445
abstract_inverted_index.previous	354
abstract_inverted_index.reported	26, 42
abstract_inverted_index.revealed	145, 217, 231, 335
abstract_inverted_index.staining	286
abstract_inverted_index.surgical	341
abstract_inverted_index.symptoms	104, 165
abstract_inverted_index.worsened	174
abstract_inverted_index.Abdominal	194
abstract_inverted_index.Keywords:	449
abstract_inverted_index.Mossoró,	91, 116
abstract_inverted_index.Treatment	154
abstract_inverted_index.adhesions	220
abstract_inverted_index.bacterial	150
abstract_inverted_index.confirmed	249, 326, 389, 408
abstract_inverted_index.describes	301
abstract_inverted_index.detection	438
abstract_inverted_index.diagnosis	349
abstract_inverted_index.diameter,	279
abstract_inverted_index.diarrhea,	106, 378
abstract_inverted_index.elucidate	73
abstract_inverted_index.essential	414
abstract_inverted_index.exhibited	36, 173
abstract_inverted_index.extensive	218
abstract_inverted_index.findings,	78
abstract_inverted_index.following	111, 332
abstract_inverted_index.improving	62
abstract_inverted_index.including	176, 376
abstract_inverted_index.increased	187
abstract_inverted_index.indicated	196
abstract_inverted_index.infection	325
abstract_inverted_index.initially	383
abstract_inverted_index.irregular	280
abstract_inverted_index.occurring	32
abstract_inverted_index.parasitic	152, 385
abstract_inverted_index.precluded	340
abstract_inverted_index.presented	101
abstract_inverted_index.prompting	191
abstract_inverted_index.pythiosis	27, 84, 430
abstract_inverted_index.recurred,	166
abstract_inverted_index.semi-arid	319
abstract_inverted_index.staining.	406
abstract_inverted_index.suggested	384
abstract_inverted_index.suspected	208
abstract_inverted_index.symptoms,	175
abstract_inverted_index.thickened	197
abstract_inverted_index.treatment	19, 444
abstract_inverted_index.vomiting,	377
abstract_inverted_index.(vomiting,	105
abstract_inverted_index.containing	272
abstract_inverted_index.definitive	417
abstract_inverted_index.deworming,	156
abstract_inverted_index.diagnosis,	331
abstract_inverted_index.diagnosis.	418
abstract_inverted_index.diagnostic	17, 57, 77, 423
abstract_inverted_index.euthanasia	225
abstract_inverted_index.highlights	421
abstract_inverted_index.indicative	398
abstract_inverted_index.infection,	451, 453
abstract_inverted_index.insidiosum	295, 324, 401, 410
abstract_inverted_index.intestinal	219, 337
abstract_inverted_index.laparotomy	216
abstract_inverted_index.management	63, 441
abstract_inverted_index.oomycetes,	456
abstract_inverted_index.proctitis,	306
abstract_inverted_index.prognosis.	229, 352
abstract_inverted_index.pythiosis,	2
abstract_inverted_index.pythiosis.	457
abstract_inverted_index.resection,	342
abstract_inverted_index.strategies	64
abstract_inverted_index.suggesting	149
abstract_inverted_index.surrounded	268
abstract_inverted_index.transmural	250
abstract_inverted_index.veterinary	143
abstract_inverted_index.visualized	403
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abstract_inverted_index.Discussion:	298
abstract_inverted_index.Exploratory	215
abstract_inverted_index.branching).	281
abstract_inverted_index.brick-paved	127
abstract_inverted_index.challenges.	20
abstract_inverted_index.emphasizing	433
abstract_inverted_index.evaluation.	193
abstract_inverted_index.examination	144, 248
abstract_inverted_index.exploratory	333
abstract_inverted_index.fungal-like	450
abstract_inverted_index.highlighted	287
abstract_inverted_index.infiltrates	394
abstract_inverted_index.insidiosum,	6
abstract_inverted_index.intricacies	58
abstract_inverted_index.involvement	338
abstract_inverted_index.laparotomy,	334
abstract_inverted_index.methenamine	283
abstract_inverted_index.mixed-breed	99, 312
abstract_inverted_index.significant	16, 177
abstract_inverted_index.complexities	424
abstract_inverted_index.eosinophilia	146, 188
abstract_inverted_index.eosinophilic	393
abstract_inverted_index.eosinophils,	262
abstract_inverted_index.epidemiology	55
abstract_inverted_index.highlighting	343
abstract_inverted_index.improvement.	163
abstract_inverted_index.infiltrating	258
abstract_inverted_index.inflammation	252, 391
abstract_inverted_index.involvement,	411
abstract_inverted_index.involvement.	51
abstract_inverted_index.itraconazole	367
abstract_inverted_index.macrophages,	259
abstract_inverted_index.neutrophils.	264
abstract_inverted_index.terbinafine.	369
abstract_inverted_index.Understanding	52
abstract_inverted_index.condition’s	54
abstract_inverted_index.enrofloxacin,	157
abstract_inverted_index.hematochezia,	107, 379
abstract_inverted_index.intralesional	273
abstract_inverted_index.lymphadenitis	308
abstract_inverted_index.mucocutaneous	362
abstract_inverted_index.presentation,	76
abstract_inverted_index.proliferation	256
abstract_inverted_index.Multinucleated	265
abstract_inverted_index.immunostaining	292
abstract_inverted_index.multivitamins,	159
abstract_inverted_index.underdiagnosed	11
abstract_inverted_index.histopathology,	454
abstract_inverted_index.stratification,	205
abstract_inverted_index.ultrasonography	195
abstract_inverted_index.Gastrointestinal	1
abstract_inverted_index.Grocott-Gomori's	282
abstract_inverted_index.gastroenteritis.	153, 386
abstract_inverted_index.gastrointestinal	50, 83, 103, 429, 452
abstract_inverted_index.pyogranulomatous	251, 390
abstract_inverted_index.Histopathological	247, 387
abstract_inverted_index.eosinophils/mm³),	148, 190
abstract_inverted_index.Immunohistochemistry	407
abstract_inverted_index.hypervascularization,	222
abstract_inverted_index.immunohistochemistry,	455
abstract_inverted_index.immunohistochemistry.	297, 328
abstract_inverted_index.1-year-and-1-month-old,	95
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countries_distinct_count	0
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