Comparing posit and IEEE-754 hardware cost Article Swipe
The posit number system is an elegant encoding of floating-point values proposed as a drop-in replacement for the IEEE-754 standard. On the one side, posits sacrifice some of IEEE-754 complexity (directed rounding modes, infinities, NaNs). On the other side, their variable-size exponent and significand fields require extra encoding and decoding steps, and their higher best-case accuracy requires wider data-paths. The posit encoding/decoding overhead can be reduced by keeping posits decoded in processor registers, with the operators suitably modified to avoid double-rounding issues.An unbiased quantitative comparison of the hardware costs of these two encodings is based on an analytical study and an open-source C++ library suitable for High-Level Synthesis. This library offers posit and IEEE-754 parametrized operators for addition/subtraction, multiplication, and exact accumulation, all developed with the same high design effort and fully compliant to their respective standards.This library improves the state of the art of posit hardware arithmetic, and still, IEEE-754 operators remain between 30% and 60% faster and smaller than their posit counterparts.
Related Topics
Concepts
Rounding
Computer science
Decoding methods
Encoding (memory)
Overhead (engineering)
Multiplication (music)
Subtraction
IEEE floating point
Arithmetic
Computer engineering
Exponent
Floating point
Computer hardware
Parallel computing
Algorithm
Mathematics
Operating system
Artificial intelligence
Combinatorics
Philosophy
Linguistics
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03195756
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 9
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3170798078
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3170798078Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- Title
-
Comparing posit and IEEE-754 hardware costWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-04-15Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Luc Forget, Yohann Uguen, Florent de DinechinList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03195756Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03195756Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Rounding, Computer science, Decoding methods, Encoding (memory), Overhead (engineering), Multiplication (music), Subtraction, IEEE floating point, Arithmetic, Computer engineering, Exponent, Floating point, Computer hardware, Parallel computing, Algorithm, Mathematics, Operating system, Artificial intelligence, Combinatorics, Philosophy, LinguisticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
9Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 3, 2023: 5, 2022: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3170798078 |
|---|---|
| doi | |
| ids.mag | 3170798078 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3170798078 |
| fwci | |
| type | preprint |
| title | Comparing posit and IEEE-754 hardware cost |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11697 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1703 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Computational Theory and Mathematics |
| topics[0].display_name | Numerical Methods and Algorithms |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11034 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9937000274658203 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1711 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Signal Processing |
| topics[1].display_name | Digital Filter Design and Implementation |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10363 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9797999858856201 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Low-power high-performance VLSI design |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C136625980 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8118059039115906 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663208 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Rounding |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.747673511505127 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C57273362 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.730410635471344 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Decoding methods |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C125411270 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6220892071723938 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Encoding (memory) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2779960059 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6029890775680542 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Overhead (engineering) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2780595030 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5330124497413635 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Multiplication (music) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C68060419 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.49997782707214355 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Subtraction |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C137231763 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.46725767850875854 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828287 |
| concepts[7].display_name | IEEE floating point |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C94375191 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.45580390095710754 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Arithmetic |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C113775141 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.42491063475608826 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Computer engineering |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2780388253 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4171921908855438 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421508 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Exponent |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C84211073 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.3698806166648865 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Floating point |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C9390403 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.35990598797798157 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Computer hardware |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C173608175 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.3500431180000305 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Parallel computing |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C11413529 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.3403710722923279 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Algorithm |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.1417425274848938 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.08694812655448914 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Operating system |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.07379019260406494 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C114614502 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Combinatorics |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C138885662 |
| concepts[19].level | 0 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Philosophy |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C41895202 |
| concepts[20].level | 1 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Linguistics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/rounding |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8118059039115906 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Rounding |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.747673511505127 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods |
| keywords[2].score | 0.730410635471344 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Decoding methods |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6220892071723938 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Encoding (memory) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6029890775680542 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Overhead (engineering) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5330124497413635 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Multiplication (music) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/subtraction |
| keywords[6].score | 0.49997782707214355 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Subtraction |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-floating-point |
| keywords[7].score | 0.46725767850875854 |
| keywords[7].display_name | IEEE floating point |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic |
| keywords[8].score | 0.45580390095710754 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Arithmetic |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering |
| keywords[9].score | 0.42491063475608826 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Computer engineering |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/exponent |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4171921908855438 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Exponent |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point |
| keywords[11].score | 0.3698806166648865 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Floating point |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware |
| keywords[12].score | 0.35990598797798157 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Computer hardware |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing |
| keywords[13].score | 0.3500431180000305 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Parallel computing |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm |
| keywords[14].score | 0.3403710722923279 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Algorithm |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[15].score | 0.1417425274848938 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system |
| keywords[16].score | 0.08694812655448914 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Operating system |
| keywords[17].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[17].score | 0.07379019260406494 |
| keywords[17].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03195756v2 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402512 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| locations[0].license | other-oa |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[0].is_accepted | False |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03195756 |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03195756 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03195756v3 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402512 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| locations[1].license | other-oa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | Preprints, Working Papers, ... |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | 2021 |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://hal.science/hal-03195756 |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5038877852 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-9945 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Luc Forget |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I135458274 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CITI Centre of Innovation in Telecommunications and Integration of services |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I135458274 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/032xgdx47 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I135458274 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Citigroup |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Luc Forget |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | CITI Centre of Innovation in Telecommunications and Integration of services |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5084930980 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-1265 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Yohann Uguen |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I135458274 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CITI Centre of Innovation in Telecommunications and Integration of services |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I135458274 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/032xgdx47 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I135458274 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Citigroup |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Yohann Uguen |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | CITI Centre of Innovation in Telecommunications and Integration of services |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5035966925 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-3301 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Florent de Dinechin |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I135458274 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CITI Centre of Innovation in Telecommunications and Integration of services |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I135458274 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/032xgdx47 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I135458274 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Citigroup |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Florent de Dinechin |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | CITI Centre of Innovation in Telecommunications and Integration of services |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03195756 |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Comparing posit and IEEE-754 hardware cost |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11697 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1703 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Computational Theory and Mathematics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Numerical Methods and Algorithms |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2119061873, https://openalex.org/W50858670, https://openalex.org/W2476214559, https://openalex.org/W4322008031, https://openalex.org/W3153800852, https://openalex.org/W2544512391, https://openalex.org/W4232872402, https://openalex.org/W4234915478, https://openalex.org/W2432555850, https://openalex.org/W2103404130 |
| cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03195756v2 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402512 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| best_oa_location.license | other-oa |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | submittedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | False |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03195756 |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03195756 |
| primary_location.id | pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03195756v2 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402512 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| primary_location.license | other-oa |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | submittedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| primary_location.is_accepted | False |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03195756 |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03195756 |
| publication_date | 2021-04-15 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works_count | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.On | 20, 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 5, 96, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 4, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 8, 27, 85, 89, 141, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 78, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.30% | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.60% | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.C++ | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 42, 48, 51, 99, 112, 119, 130, 148, 155, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.art | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 16, 105, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 17, 21, 36, 74, 86, 125, 139, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.some | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 73, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.avoid | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.costs | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exact | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extra | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fully | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.posit | 1, 60, 111, 145, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.side, | 23, 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 39, 52, 134, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wider | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NaNs). | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effort | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.faster | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fields | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modes, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offers | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.posits | 24, 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remain | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steps, | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.still, | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decoded | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drop-in | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elegant | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.keeping | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.library | 103, 109, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.require | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.smaller | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IEEE-754 | 18, 28, 113, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decoding | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encoding | 7, 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exponent | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hardware | 87, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improves | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modified | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overhead | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requires | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rounding | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suitable | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suitably | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unbiased | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(directed | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.best-case | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compliant | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encodings | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.issues.An | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operators | 75, 115, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processor | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sacrifice | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standard. | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.High-Level | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Synthesis. | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analytical | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complexity | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.registers, | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respective | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.arithmetic, | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data-paths. | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infinities, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open-source | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.replacement | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significand | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parametrized | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantitative | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accumulation, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.counterparts. | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variable-size | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.floating-point | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standards.This | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.double-rounding | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiplication, | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encoding/decoding | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition/subtraction, | 117 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| citation_normalized_percentile |