Comparison of shortwave radiation dynamics between boreal forest and open peatland pairs in southern and northern Finland Article Swipe
Otso Peräkylä
,
Erkka Rinne
,
Ekaterina Ezhova
,
Anna Lintunen
,
Annalea Lohila
,
Juho Aalto
,
Mika Aurela
,
Pasi Kolari
,
Markku Kulmala
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-153-2025
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-153-2025
Snow cover plays a key role in determining the albedo and thus the shortwave radiation balance of a surface. The effect of snow on albedo is modulated by land use: tree canopies break the uniform snow layer and lower the albedo as compared to an open ground. This results in a higher fraction of shortwave radiation being absorbed in forests. At seasonally snow-covered high latitudes, this lowering of the albedo has been suggested to offset some or all of the climate cooling effect of the carbon stored by forests. We used long-term in situ measurements to study the albedo and shortwave radiation balance of two pairs of sites, each consisting of an open peatland and a forest. One pair is located in northern and one in southern Finland in the boreal zone. We found that both forest sites had a low, constant albedo during the snow-free period. In contrast, both peatland sites had a higher snow-free albedo, with a clear seasonal cycle. The albedo was found to depend on the diffuse fraction of the incoming radiation: during the snow-covered period, higher diffuse fraction was associated with lower albedo, while during the snow-free period it was associated with higher albedo. The thinning of the southern forest site, resulting in a significant reduction of the leaf area index, increased the albedo especially in the snow-covered period. During the snow-covered period, the peatland sites again had higher albedo than the forest sites. The transition between the high and low albedo upon snow accumulation and especially snowmelt was more abrupt at the peatland sites. In the northern pair, the forest site absorbed on average 0.47 GJ m−2 more (around 23 % more) energy from net shortwave radiation than the peatland site annually, whereas in the southern pair, the forest site absorbed on average 0.37 GJ m−2 more (around 14 % more) than the peatland site. The difference in the annual absorbed energy between the peatland site and the forest site was greater in the northern pair due to longer snow-cover duration. This was partially offset by the greater difference in snow-free albedos and higher solar radiation at the southern site pair. The annual difference in the absorbed shortwave radiation between the forest site and the peatland site varied considerably between the years (from 0.37 to 0.61 GJ m−2 for the northern pair and from 0.20 to 0.53 GJ m−2 for the southern pair). The annual variation was mainly controlled by the snow-cover duration in the spring at the peatland sites. These findings have implications for the future climate, as snow cover continues to evolve under global warming.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-153-2025
- https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/153/2025/bg-22-153-2025.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 3
- References
- 60
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4406247864
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4406247864Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-153-2025Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Comparison of shortwave radiation dynamics between boreal forest and open peatland pairs in southern and northern FinlandWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-01-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Otso Peräkylä, Erkka Rinne, Ekaterina Ezhova, Anna Lintunen, Annalea Lohila, Juho Aalto, Mika Aurela, Pasi Kolari, Markku KulmalaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-153-2025Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/153/2025/bg-22-153-2025.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/153/2025/bg-22-153-2025.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Peat, Shortwave radiation, Taiga, Boreal, Environmental science, Shortwave, Climatology, Physical geography, Geography, Geology, Radiation, Forestry, Radiative transfer, Physics, Archaeology, Quantum mechanicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
3Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
60Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4406247864 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-153-2025 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-153-2025 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4406247864 |
| fwci | 15.15763103 |
| type | article |
| title | Comparison of shortwave radiation dynamics between boreal forest and open peatland pairs in southern and northern Finland |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 22 |
| biblio.last_page | 179 |
| biblio.first_page | 153 |
| grants[0].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320321108 |
| grants[0].award_id | 352431 |
| grants[0].funder_display_name | Academy of Finland |
| grants[1].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320338335 |
| grants[1].award_id | 742206 |
| grants[1].funder_display_name | H2020 European Research Council |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T12091 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9976999759674072 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2303 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Ecology |
| topics[0].display_name | Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11333 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| topics[1].score | 0.9628999829292297 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1902 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Atmospheric Science |
| topics[1].display_name | Climate change and permafrost |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10555 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9473999738693237 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| topics[2].display_name | Fire effects on ecosystems |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321108 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/05k73zm37 |
| funders[0].display_name | Academy of Finland |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320338335 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/0472cxd90 |
| funders[1].display_name | H2020 European Research Council |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1510 |
| apc_list.currency | EUR |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1628 |
| apc_paid.value | 1510 |
| apc_paid.currency | EUR |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1628 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C53657456 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8116647601127625 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184624 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Peat |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C19369268 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.737993061542511 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7502259 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Shortwave radiation |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C87621631 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7244141101837158 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69564 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Taiga |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C100537666 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6637046933174133 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q893477 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Boreal |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C39432304 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5557910203933716 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Environmental science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2776272892 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5334658026695251 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7502249 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Shortwave |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C49204034 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4263477325439453 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Climatology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C100970517 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.37000906467437744 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Physical geography |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C205649164 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.3331982493400574 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Geography |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.2915324568748474 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C153385146 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.2811175584793091 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Radiation |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C97137747 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.13444927334785461 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Forestry |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C74902906 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.08976772427558899 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Radiative transfer |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.061271220445632935 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C166957645 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Archaeology |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/peat |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8116647601127625 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Peat |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/shortwave-radiation |
| keywords[1].score | 0.737993061542511 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Shortwave radiation |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/taiga |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7244141101837158 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Taiga |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/boreal |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6637046933174133 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Boreal |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5557910203933716 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Environmental science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/shortwave |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5334658026695251 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Shortwave |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4263477325439453 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Climatology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography |
| keywords[7].score | 0.37000906467437744 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Physical geography |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geography |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3331982493400574 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Geography |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.2915324568748474 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation |
| keywords[10].score | 0.2811175584793091 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Radiation |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry |
| keywords[11].score | 0.13444927334785461 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Forestry |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer |
| keywords[12].score | 0.08976772427558899 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Radiative transfer |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[13].score | 0.061271220445632935 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Physics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.5194/bg-22-153-2025 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S13442111 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1726-4170, 1726-4189 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1726-4170 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Biogeosciences |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310313756 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Copernicus Publications |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310313756 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/153/2025/bg-22-153-2025.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Biogeosciences |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-153-2025 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d3ca1f4c711494aa4697ab229e56c9e |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Biogeosciences, Vol 22, Pp 153-179 (2025) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/5d3ca1f4c711494aa4697ab229e56c9e |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047461431 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2089-0106 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Otso Peräkylä |
| authorships[0].countries | FI |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/040af2s02 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | FI |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Helsinki |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Otso Peräkylä |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5006896646 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-6513 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Erkka Rinne |
| authorships[1].countries | FI |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1285790362 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, PL 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1285790362 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05hppb561 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1284112523, https://openalex.org/I1285790362 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | FI |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Finnish Meteorological Institute |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Erkka Rinne |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, PL 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5027361492 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2770-9143 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Ekaterina Ezhova |
| authorships[2].countries | FI |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/040af2s02 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | FI |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Helsinki |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Ekaterina Ezhova |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5012782786 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-0784 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Anna Lintunen |
| authorships[3].countries | FI |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/040af2s02 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | FI |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Helsinki |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Anna Lintunen |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5051231036 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-672X |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Annalea Lohila |
| authorships[4].countries | FI |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1285790362 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, PL 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1285790362 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05hppb561 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1284112523, https://openalex.org/I1285790362 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | FI |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Finnish Meteorological Institute |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/040af2s02 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | FI |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | University of Helsinki |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Annalea Lohila |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, PL 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5083328680 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-1366 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Juho Aalto |
| authorships[5].countries | FI |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/040af2s02 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | FI |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | University of Helsinki |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Juho Aalto |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5031651964 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4046-7225 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Mika Aurela |
| authorships[6].countries | FI |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1285790362 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, PL 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1285790362 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05hppb561 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1284112523, https://openalex.org/I1285790362 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | FI |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Finnish Meteorological Institute |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Mika Aurela |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, PL 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5054691911 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7271-633X |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Pasi Kolari |
| authorships[7].countries | FI |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/040af2s02 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | FI |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | University of Helsinki |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Pasi Kolari |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5000471665 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-7825 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Markku Kulmala |
| authorships[8].countries | FI |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/040af2s02 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | FI |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | University of Helsinki |
| authorships[8].author_position | last |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Markku Kulmala |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/153/2025/bg-22-153-2025.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Comparison of shortwave radiation dynamics between boreal forest and open peatland pairs in southern and northern Finland |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-25T14:43:58.451035 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T12091 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9976999759674072 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2303 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Ecology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3210381770, https://openalex.org/W2363212107, https://openalex.org/W3107552455, https://openalex.org/W4206717347, https://openalex.org/W2080522116, https://openalex.org/W2781930621, https://openalex.org/W2023477628, https://openalex.org/W3003253127, https://openalex.org/W2062544187, https://openalex.org/W4364359801 |
| cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.5194/bg-22-153-2025 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S13442111 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1726-4170, 1726-4189 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1726-4170 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Biogeosciences |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310313756 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Copernicus Publications |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310313756 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/153/2025/bg-22-153-2025.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Biogeosciences |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-153-2025 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.5194/bg-22-153-2025 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S13442111 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1726-4170, 1726-4189 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1726-4170 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Biogeosciences |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310313756 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Copernicus Publications |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310313756 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/153/2025/bg-22-153-2025.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Biogeosciences |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-153-2025 |
| publication_date | 2025-01-10 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W6907723631, https://openalex.org/W4393502193, https://openalex.org/W6907633989, https://openalex.org/W2619609885, https://openalex.org/W2897270119, https://openalex.org/W2049327729, https://openalex.org/W2088600491, https://openalex.org/W2023241628, https://openalex.org/W2065972201, https://openalex.org/W1965323106, https://openalex.org/W2082780896, https://openalex.org/W2104427562, https://openalex.org/W1674733673, https://openalex.org/W2898057761, https://openalex.org/W2802801846, https://openalex.org/W2086393147, https://openalex.org/W2021444576, https://openalex.org/W1973547287, https://openalex.org/W2081751720, https://openalex.org/W1989241928, https://openalex.org/W1550627816, https://openalex.org/W1675512008, https://openalex.org/W2093429038, https://openalex.org/W2138822017, https://openalex.org/W2061797081, https://openalex.org/W2082051024, https://openalex.org/W2022588621, https://openalex.org/W2783836272, https://openalex.org/W2043427227, https://openalex.org/W2917131761, https://openalex.org/W4396935368, https://openalex.org/W4210363077, https://openalex.org/W4394054256, https://openalex.org/W2044701489, https://openalex.org/W1991346727, https://openalex.org/W2144630956, https://openalex.org/W2519477604, https://openalex.org/W1983396899, https://openalex.org/W2090671361, https://openalex.org/W2056300040, https://openalex.org/W2889218385, https://openalex.org/W4200263375, https://openalex.org/W4390809730, https://openalex.org/W4392959312, https://openalex.org/W1964688613, https://openalex.org/W3028009944, https://openalex.org/W2005087806, https://openalex.org/W3113934629, https://openalex.org/W2810816703, https://openalex.org/W2027062756, https://openalex.org/W2781956999, https://openalex.org/W1482266527, https://openalex.org/W2141748334, https://openalex.org/W1866249876, https://openalex.org/W3048944811, https://openalex.org/W2003636035, https://openalex.org/W2059672595, https://openalex.org/W3135371829, https://openalex.org/W2021251788, https://openalex.org/W2001315938 |
| referenced_works_count | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.% | 277, 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 4, 18, 51, 116, 140, 154, 159, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.14 | 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.23 | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.At | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GJ | 272, 301, 383, 394 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 148, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 90, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 45, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 42, 425 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 257, 353, 413 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 28, 88, 342, 406 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 7, 50, 59, 93, 122, 126, 129, 208, 221, 290, 314, 329, 346, 361, 410 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 26, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 17, 22, 54, 68, 79, 84, 104, 107, 111, 173, 202, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 24, 169, 269, 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 44, 74, 96, 167, 334, 381, 392, 429 |
| abstract_inverted_index.One | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 20, 163, 200, 240, 312, 358, 400 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 11, 38, 100, 115, 124, 245, 251, 323, 349, 370, 389 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 333 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 385, 396, 421 |
| abstract_inverted_index.had | 139, 153, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.net | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 9, 13, 34, 40, 69, 80, 85, 98, 130, 145, 170, 174, 178, 191, 203, 213, 218, 222, 226, 229, 237, 243, 258, 262, 265, 285, 291, 294, 309, 315, 320, 324, 330, 343, 354, 362, 367, 371, 377, 386, 397, 407, 411, 414, 422 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 165, 184, 195, 254, 327, 339, 403 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.20 | 391 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.37 | 300, 380 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.47 | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.53 | 393 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.61 | 382 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Snow | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 48, 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 136, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 280, 390 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 419 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 64, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.land | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leaf | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low, | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 255, 274, 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open | 46, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pair | 119, 332, 388 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.site | 267, 287, 296, 322, 326, 356, 369, 373 |
| abstract_inverted_index.situ | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.snow | 23, 36, 249, 426 |
| abstract_inverted_index.some | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 236, 284, 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thus | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tree | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upon | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use: | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 158, 186, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(from | 379 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 417 |
| abstract_inverted_index.again | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.being | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.break | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clear | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cover | 2, 427 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 134, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layer | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 39, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more) | 278, 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.m−2 | 273, 302, 384, 395 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pair, | 264, 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pair. | 357 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pairs | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plays | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.site, | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.site. | 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sites | 138, 152, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solar | 351 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 431 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years | 378 |
| abstract_inverted_index.zone. | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.During | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abrupt | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.albedo | 10, 25, 41, 70, 99, 143, 164, 219, 235, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.annual | 316, 359, 401 |
| abstract_inverted_index.boreal | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carbon | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cycle. | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depend | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 144, 177, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 21, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 279, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evolve | 430 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forest | 137, 205, 238, 266, 295, 325, 368 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 423 |
| abstract_inverted_index.global | 432 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 52, 155, 181, 198, 234, 350 |
| abstract_inverted_index.index, | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longer | 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mainly | 404 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offset | 75, 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pair). | 399 |
| abstract_inverted_index.period | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sites, | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sites. | 239, 260, 416 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spring | 412 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stored | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varied | 374 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(around | 275, 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Finland | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.albedo, | 157, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.albedo. | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.albedos | 348 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 270, 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.balance | 16, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 242, 319, 366, 376 |
| abstract_inverted_index.climate | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cooling | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diffuse | 171, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forest. | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greater | 328, 344 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ground. | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.located | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.period, | 180, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.period. | 147, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uniform | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whereas | 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.absorbed | 58, 268, 297, 317, 363 |
| abstract_inverted_index.canopies | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.climate, | 424 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constant | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.duration | 409 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 418 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forests. | 60, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fraction | 53, 172, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incoming | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lowering | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.northern | 123, 263, 331, 387 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peatland | 114, 151, 230, 259, 286, 310, 321, 372, 415 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seasonal | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.snowmelt | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.southern | 127, 204, 292, 355, 398 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface. | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thinning | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.warming. | 433 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract. | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.annually, | 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.continues | 428 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contrast, | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.duration. | 337 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-term | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modulated | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.partially | 340 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radiation | 15, 56, 102, 283, 352, 365 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulting | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shortwave | 14, 55, 101, 282, 364 |
| abstract_inverted_index.snow-free | 146, 156, 192, 347 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggested | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variation | 402 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 185, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consisting | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controlled | 405 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difference | 313, 345, 360 |
| abstract_inverted_index.especially | 220, 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.latitudes, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radiation: | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seasonally | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.snow-cover | 336, 408 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transition | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determining | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accumulation | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considerably | 375 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implications | 420 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurements | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.snow-covered | 63, 179, 223, 227 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5031651964, https://openalex.org/A5027361492, https://openalex.org/A5083328680, https://openalex.org/A5054691911, https://openalex.org/A5051231036, https://openalex.org/A5047461431, https://openalex.org/A5006896646, https://openalex.org/A5012782786, https://openalex.org/A5000471665 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 9 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1285790362, https://openalex.org/I133731052 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5099999904632568 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Life in Land |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.95716049 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |