Comprehensive analysis of disruption mitigation methods using gas and pellet-like injections in ITER-like Tokamaks Article Swipe
V. Sizyuk
,
A. Hassanein
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14407-z
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14407-z
Inert-gas shielding could be an effective mechanism for protection of plasma facing surfaces (PFS) against plasma particles impact and photon radiation heat loads during transient events in fusion devices. Neutral gas injection is one promising way to mitigate erosion of tokamak components and contamination. The objective of this work is to study and optimize mitigation methods using neutral gas and pellet-like injections to decrease the heat load to the divertor surfaces and to prevent vaporization of the various internal surfaces due to transient events in ITER-like devices. The integrated self-consistent models implemented in the HEIGHTS package was used for detailed analysis of the potential secondary plasma generation from the injected inert gas, its radiative characteristics, and shielding effectiveness. We varied the density, size, and location of an argon gas cloud to minimize the disruption energy deposited into the divertor components. We also investigated innovative ways for minor changes in ITER-like internal design to mitigate disruptions. We found the optimum parameters to fully protect ITER tokamak surfaces from erosion and vaporization during plasma instabilities. This preliminary analysis showed that using Ar gas injection methods could lead to enhancement in components lifetime in ITER-like and future DEMO devices with minor design changes.
Related Topics
Concepts
No concepts available.
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14407-z
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 20
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4414390485
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4414390485Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14407-zDigital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Comprehensive analysis of disruption mitigation methods using gas and pellet-like injections in ITER-like TokamaksWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-09-22Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
V. Sizyuk, A. HassaneinList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14407-zPublisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14407-zDirect OA link when available
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
20Number of works referenced by this work
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4414390485 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14407-z |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14407-z |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40983614 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4414390485 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Comprehensive analysis of disruption mitigation methods using gas and pellet-like injections in ITER-like Tokamaks |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 15 |
| biblio.last_page | 32630 |
| biblio.first_page | 32630 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10346 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[0].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3106 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Nuclear and High Energy Physics |
| topics[0].display_name | Magnetic confinement fusion research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10592 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9991000294685364 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[1].display_name | Fusion materials and technologies |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10597 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9860000014305115 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Nuclear reactor physics and engineering |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1890 |
| apc_list.currency | EUR |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2190 |
| apc_paid.value | 1890 |
| apc_paid.currency | EUR |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2190 |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1038/s41598-025-14407-z |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S196734849 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2045-2322 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2045-2322 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Scientific Reports |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319908 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Nature Portfolio |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319908, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Nature Portfolio, Springer Nature |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Scientific Reports |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14407-z |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40983614 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Scientific reports |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40983614 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9e7ac91684324826b76011a48704f3c8 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Scientific Reports, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2025) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/9e7ac91684324826b76011a48704f3c8 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11265631 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12454634 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5073217518 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6406-2572 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | V. Sizyuk |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I219193219 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Center for Materials under Extreme Environment (CMUXE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I219193219 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02dqehb95 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I219193219 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Purdue University West Lafayette |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | V. Sizyuk |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Center for Materials under Extreme Environment (CMUXE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101596596 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-2000 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | A. Hassanein |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I219193219 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Center for Materials under Extreme Environment (CMUXE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I219193219 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02dqehb95 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I219193219 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Purdue University West Lafayette |
| authorships[1].author_position | last |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | A. Hassanein |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Center for Materials under Extreme Environment (CMUXE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14407-z |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Comprehensive analysis of disruption mitigation methods using gas and pellet-like injections in ITER-like Tokamaks |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10346 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3106 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Nuclear and High Energy Physics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Magnetic confinement fusion research |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1038/s41598-025-14407-z |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S196734849 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2045-2322 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2045-2322 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Scientific Reports |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319908 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Nature Portfolio |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319908, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Nature Portfolio, Springer Nature |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Scientific Reports |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14407-z |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1038/s41598-025-14407-z |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S196734849 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2045-2322 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2045-2322 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Scientific Reports |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319908 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Nature Portfolio |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319908, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Nature Portfolio, Springer Nature |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Scientific Reports |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14407-z |
| publication_date | 2025-09-22 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3119155503, https://openalex.org/W3158384057, https://openalex.org/W2979556804, https://openalex.org/W2884419202, https://openalex.org/W1992530712, https://openalex.org/W1973868231, https://openalex.org/W2960401979, https://openalex.org/W3122991259, https://openalex.org/W2784283684, https://openalex.org/W4392911481, https://openalex.org/W4220901190, https://openalex.org/W4308497386, https://openalex.org/W2811118755, https://openalex.org/W2072490890, https://openalex.org/W2055704147, https://openalex.org/W2077757963, https://openalex.org/W2104756731, https://openalex.org/W2046825839, https://openalex.org/W2001107007, https://openalex.org/W2073836338 |
| referenced_works_count | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ar | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 119, 141, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 5, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 27, 85, 93, 149, 188, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 33, 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 10, 40, 47, 76, 102, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 37, 51, 63, 68, 73, 82, 131, 153, 161, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 45, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 19, 43, 53, 60, 72, 116, 124, 169, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 8, 99, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gas | 31, 59, 129, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 65, 69, 77, 94, 103, 109, 121, 133, 138, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.way | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DEMO | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ITER | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 108, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gas, | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heat | 22, 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lead | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.load | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ways | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PFS) | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.argon | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cloud | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 3, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fully | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inert | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loads | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minor | 147, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.size, | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 57, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 152, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 24, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.events | 26, 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.facing | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fusion | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photon | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plasma | 11, 16, 106, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varied | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HEIGHTS | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Neutral | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.against | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.devices | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.erosion | 39, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 56, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neutral | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimum | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.package | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevent | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protect | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tokamak | 41, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 101, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes. | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decrease | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.density, | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detailed | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.devices. | 29, 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.divertor | 70, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injected | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.internal | 79, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lifetime | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.location | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimize | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitigate | 38, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimize | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surfaces | 13, 71, 80, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ITER-like | 86, 150, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Inert-gas | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deposited | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injection | 32, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanism | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.objective | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particles | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radiation | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radiative | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.secondary | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shielding | 2, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transient | 25, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components | 42, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disruption | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generation | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injections | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.innovative | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrated | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitigation | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protection | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components. | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancement | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implemented | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pellet-like | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preliminary | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disruptions. | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigated | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vaporization | 75, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contamination. | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectiveness. | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instabilities. | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.self-consistent | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics, | 115 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 2 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.1672033 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |