Comprehensive elemental and carbon profiling of Punjab’s soils: distribution patterns, pollution assessment, and source attribution Article Swipe
Mahesh Tiwari
,
T.D. Rathod
,
R.C. Bhangare
,
Sanjay Kumar Sahu
,
Vandana Pulhani
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6
Soil analysis is a critical tool for optimizing crop production, managing soil nutrients, preventing environmental degradation, and making informed decisions about land use and agricultural practices. This study focuses on optimizing the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) parameters for the analysis of 22 elements in soil samples collected from Punjab, India. The reported elements in the soil were classified into three categories based on their abundance: major (Al, Fe, K, Mg), minor (Ba, Mn, Zr, Rb, Ce, Sr, Cr, and V), and trace (Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, As, Sc, Co, Br, Cs, U). Their occurrence in the soil samples is discussed. To assess the level of soil pollution with toxic elements and the anthropogenic input, the study calculated and discussed various indices, including the contamination factor, index of geoaccumulation, and pollution load index. The results indicate that As and Pb are the most contaminating elements in the soil based on the calculated pollution indices. The average pollution load index (PLI) value for soil samples collected from Punjab is 1.14, indicating slight pollution relative to the Earth's crust. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data indicated both natural and anthropogenic sources of elements in the soil from the study area.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 53
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4409039267
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4409039267Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Comprehensive elemental and carbon profiling of Punjab’s soils: distribution patterns, pollution assessment, and source attributionWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-03-29Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Mahesh Tiwari, T.D. Rathod, R.C. Bhangare, Sanjay Kumar Sahu, Vandana PulhaniList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Pollution, Environmental science, Soil water, Environmental chemistry, Enrichment factor, Soil test, Contamination, Soil contamination, Soil science, Environmental engineering, Heavy metals, Chemistry, Biology, EcologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
53Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4409039267 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40156724 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4409039267 |
| fwci | 6.56774299 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D007194 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | India |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D012989 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Soil Pollutants |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D004784 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Environmental Monitoring |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000737 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D012987 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | chemistry |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Soil |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D013052 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D002244 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Carbon |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D025341 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Principal Component Analysis |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D004787 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Environmental Pollution |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D019216 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Metals, Heavy |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D007194 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | India |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D012989 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Soil Pollutants |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D004784 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Environmental Monitoring |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000737 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D012987 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | chemistry |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Soil |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D002244 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Carbon |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D013052 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D025341 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Principal Component Analysis |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D004787 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Environmental Pollution |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D007194 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | India |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D012989 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Soil Pollutants |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D004784 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | Environmental Monitoring |
| mesh[20].qualifier_ui | Q000737 |
| mesh[20].descriptor_ui | D012987 |
| mesh[20].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[20].qualifier_name | chemistry |
| mesh[20].descriptor_name | Soil |
| mesh[21].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[21].descriptor_ui | D013052 |
| mesh[21].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[21].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[21].descriptor_name | Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission |
| mesh[22].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[22].descriptor_ui | D002244 |
| mesh[22].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[22].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[22].descriptor_name | Carbon |
| mesh[23].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[23].descriptor_ui | D025341 |
| mesh[23].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[23].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[23].descriptor_name | Principal Component Analysis |
| mesh[24].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[24].descriptor_ui | D004787 |
| mesh[24].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[24].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[24].descriptor_name | Environmental Pollution |
| mesh[25].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[25].descriptor_ui | D019216 |
| mesh[25].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[25].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[25].descriptor_name | Metals, Heavy |
| mesh[26].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[26].descriptor_ui | D007194 |
| mesh[26].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[26].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[26].descriptor_name | India |
| mesh[27].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[27].descriptor_ui | D012989 |
| mesh[27].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[27].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[27].descriptor_name | Soil Pollutants |
| mesh[28].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[28].descriptor_ui | D004784 |
| mesh[28].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[28].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[28].descriptor_name | Environmental Monitoring |
| mesh[29].qualifier_ui | Q000737 |
| mesh[29].descriptor_ui | D012987 |
| mesh[29].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[29].qualifier_name | chemistry |
| mesh[29].descriptor_name | Soil |
| mesh[30].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[30].descriptor_ui | D013052 |
| mesh[30].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[30].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[30].descriptor_name | Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission |
| mesh[31].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[31].descriptor_ui | D002244 |
| mesh[31].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[31].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[31].descriptor_name | Carbon |
| mesh[32].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[32].descriptor_ui | D025341 |
| mesh[32].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[32].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[32].descriptor_name | Principal Component Analysis |
| mesh[33].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[33].descriptor_ui | D004787 |
| mesh[33].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[33].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[33].descriptor_name | Environmental Pollution |
| mesh[34].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[34].descriptor_ui | D019216 |
| mesh[34].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[34].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[34].descriptor_name | Metals, Heavy |
| type | article |
| title | Comprehensive elemental and carbon profiling of Punjab’s soils: distribution patterns, pollution assessment, and source attribution |
| biblio.issue | 5 |
| biblio.volume | 47 |
| biblio.last_page | 145 |
| biblio.first_page | 145 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10139 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9987999796867371 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2310 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Pollution |
| topics[0].display_name | Heavy metals in environment |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10946 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/36 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Health Professions |
| topics[1].score | 0.9987000226974487 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3614 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Radiological and Ultrasound Technology |
| topics[1].display_name | Radioactivity and Radon Measurements |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12157 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9965000152587891 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[2].display_name | Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334966 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/05w6wfp17 |
| funders[0].display_name | Bhabha Atomic Research Centre |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2790 |
| apc_list.currency | EUR |
| apc_list.value_usd | 3590 |
| apc_paid.value | 2790 |
| apc_paid.currency | EUR |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 3590 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C521259446 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7515190243721008 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Pollution |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C39432304 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6819851398468018 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Environmental science |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C159750122 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6097553968429565 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Soil water |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C107872376 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5419981479644775 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Environmental chemistry |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2779310815 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5332246422767639 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5379521 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Enrichment factor |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C50516716 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5200916528701782 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877107 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Soil test |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C112570922 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4416344463825226 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Contamination |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C65580899 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.44073086977005005 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212734 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Soil contamination |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C159390177 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.32850587368011475 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Soil science |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C87717796 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.32216477394104004 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Environmental engineering |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2776053758 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.19296377897262573 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Heavy metals |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.13367077708244324 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C18903297 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Ecology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7515190243721008 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Pollution |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6819851398468018 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Environmental science |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6097553968429565 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Soil water |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-chemistry |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5419981479644775 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Environmental chemistry |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/enrichment-factor |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5332246422767639 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Enrichment factor |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-test |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5200916528701782 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Soil test |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/contamination |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4416344463825226 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Contamination |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-contamination |
| keywords[7].score | 0.44073086977005005 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Soil contamination |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science |
| keywords[8].score | 0.32850587368011475 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Soil science |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering |
| keywords[9].score | 0.32216477394104004 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Environmental engineering |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metals |
| keywords[10].score | 0.19296377897262573 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Heavy metals |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[11].score | 0.13367077708244324 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Chemistry |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S191946630 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0269-4042, 1573-2983 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0269-4042 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Environmental Geochemistry and Health |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319900 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Springer Science+Business Media |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319900, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Environmental Geochemistry and Health |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40156724 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Environmental geochemistry and health |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40156724 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10768809 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11954847 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5017976097 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6714-9668 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Mahesh Tiwari |
| authorships[0].countries | IN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I200207707 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India. |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1329621470 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India. |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1329621470 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05w6wfp17 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1329621470, https://openalex.org/I2799351866, https://openalex.org/I3149292468 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Bhabha Atomic Research Centre |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I200207707 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02bv3zr67 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I200207707 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | IN |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Homi Bhabha National Institute |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Mahesh Tiwari |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India., Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India. |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5043949654 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8763-5495 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | T.D. Rathod |
| authorships[1].countries | IN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I200207707 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India. |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1329621470 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India. |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1329621470 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05w6wfp17 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1329621470, https://openalex.org/I2799351866, https://openalex.org/I3149292468 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Bhabha Atomic Research Centre |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I200207707 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02bv3zr67 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I200207707 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | IN |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Homi Bhabha National Institute |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Tejas Rathod |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India., Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India. |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5044044332 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3134-2479 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | R.C. Bhangare |
| authorships[2].countries | IN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1329621470 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India. |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1329621470 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05w6wfp17 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1329621470, https://openalex.org/I2799351866, https://openalex.org/I3149292468 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Bhabha Atomic Research Centre |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Rahul Bhangare |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India. |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101664913 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-2662 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Sanjay Kumar Sahu |
| authorships[3].countries | IN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I200207707 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India. [email protected]. |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1329621470 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India. [email protected]. |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1329621470 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05w6wfp17 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1329621470, https://openalex.org/I2799351866, https://openalex.org/I3149292468 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Bhabha Atomic Research Centre |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I200207707 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02bv3zr67 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I200207707 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | IN |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | Homi Bhabha National Institute |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Sanjay Kumar Sahu |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India. [email protected]., Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India. [email protected]. |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029402818 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-612X |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Vandana Pulhani |
| authorships[4].countries | IN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1329621470 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India. |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I200207707 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India. |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1329621470 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05w6wfp17 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1329621470, https://openalex.org/I2799351866, https://openalex.org/I3149292468 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Bhabha Atomic Research Centre |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I200207707 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02bv3zr67 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I200207707 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | IN |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | Homi Bhabha National Institute |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Vandana Pulhani |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India., Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India. |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Comprehensive elemental and carbon profiling of Punjab’s soils: distribution patterns, pollution assessment, and source attribution |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10139 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9987999796867371 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2310 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Pollution |
| primary_topic.display_name | Heavy metals in environment |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4362674250, https://openalex.org/W4220669331, https://openalex.org/W1993093658, https://openalex.org/W4292702421, https://openalex.org/W2296983498, https://openalex.org/W2958103683, https://openalex.org/W2727918771, https://openalex.org/W3132462953, https://openalex.org/W2110696057, https://openalex.org/W2011562731 |
| cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S191946630 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0269-4042, 1573-2983 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0269-4042 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Environmental Geochemistry and Health |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319900 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Springer Science+Business Media |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319900, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Environmental Geochemistry and Health |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S191946630 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0269-4042, 1573-2983 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0269-4042 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Environmental Geochemistry and Health |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319900 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Springer Science+Business Media |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319900, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Environmental Geochemistry and Health |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6 |
| publication_date | 2025-03-29 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2013874115, https://openalex.org/W560419916, https://openalex.org/W4206252404, https://openalex.org/W1998172280, https://openalex.org/W4233549301, https://openalex.org/W2023960055, https://openalex.org/W2913635249, https://openalex.org/W4200125609, https://openalex.org/W4401109163, https://openalex.org/W4291318713, https://openalex.org/W4386370481, https://openalex.org/W4312225780, https://openalex.org/W207702703, https://openalex.org/W2296961396, https://openalex.org/W2118937115, https://openalex.org/W2910438767, https://openalex.org/W2040716227, https://openalex.org/W2118352975, https://openalex.org/W2471330229, https://openalex.org/W2892945376, https://openalex.org/W1995610973, https://openalex.org/W4280497631, https://openalex.org/W1880555926, https://openalex.org/W2508370748, https://openalex.org/W2969937307, https://openalex.org/W2583033920, https://openalex.org/W4292164401, https://openalex.org/W3201642695, https://openalex.org/W7073571457, https://openalex.org/W4207043699, https://openalex.org/W3034466014, https://openalex.org/W1966207090, https://openalex.org/W2606046017, https://openalex.org/W1892716486, https://openalex.org/W2500603511, https://openalex.org/W2048789954, https://openalex.org/W2969592549, https://openalex.org/W2905483809, https://openalex.org/W2017675283, https://openalex.org/W2080349508, https://openalex.org/W3202149215, https://openalex.org/W4297924239, https://openalex.org/W4313345196, https://openalex.org/W4366254374, https://openalex.org/W4293535064, https://openalex.org/W3085644866, https://openalex.org/W4214924397, https://openalex.org/W2055244635, https://openalex.org/W2463992587, https://openalex.org/W4245428982, https://openalex.org/W2740814259, https://openalex.org/W1797125039, https://openalex.org/W4244760617 |
| referenced_works_count | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.22 | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.As | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.K, | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Pb | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 44, 54, 95, 145, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 2, 99, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 41, 105, 127, 181, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 29, 63, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.As, | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Br, | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ce, | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Co, | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cr, | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cs, | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cu, | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fe, | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mn, | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ni, | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Pb, | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Rb, | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sc, | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sr, | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 51, 133, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.U). | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.V), | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Zr, | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 16, 23, 79, 81, 111, 118, 129, 138, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 6, 38, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 31, 39, 55, 96, 103, 112, 115, 123, 141, 146, 150, 174, 182, 193, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Al, | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Ba, | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Zn, | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mg), | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Soil | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crop | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 48, 165, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.land | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.load | 131, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.soil | 11, 45, 56, 97, 106, 147, 162, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tool | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PCA) | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PLI) | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.14, | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Their | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.X-ray | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area. | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 62, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.index | 126, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.level | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.major | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minor | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 27, 116, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toxic | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trace | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.value | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.India. | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Punjab | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assess | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crust. | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.index. | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.input, | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.making | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slight | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(EDXRF) | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Earth's | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Punjab, | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor, | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focuses | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.natural | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.samples | 46, 98, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sources | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 1, 40, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elements | 43, 53, 110, 144, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indices, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indices. | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.informed | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.managing | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relative | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Principal | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collected | 47, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.component | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decisions | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussed | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicated | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pollution | 107, 130, 152, 156, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abundance: | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.calculated | 117, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.categories | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.classified | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussed. | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dispersive | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicating | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nutrients, | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occurrence | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimizing | 7, 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practices. | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preventing | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production, | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agricultural | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.degradation, | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluorescence | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anthropogenic | 113, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contaminating | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contamination | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmental | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geoaccumulation, | 128 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.550000011920929 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Zero hunger |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.91816197 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |