Constituent Isomerism-Induced Quasicrystal and Frank–Kasper σ Superlattices Based on Nanosized Shape Amphiphiles Article Swipe

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Zebin Su , Jiahao Huang , Wenpeng Shan , Xiaoyun Yan , Ruimeng Zhang , Tong Liu , Yuchu Liu , Qing‐Yun Guo , Fenggang Bian , Xiaran Miao , Mingjun Huang , Stephen Z. D. Cheng · YOU? · · 2020 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.31635/ccschem.020.202000338

Open AccessCCS ChemistryRESEARCH ARTICLE1 May 2021Constituent Isomerism-Induced Quasicrystal and Frank–Kasper σ Superlattices Based on Nanosized Shape Amphiphiles Zebin Su, Jiahao Huang, Wenpeng Shan, Xiao-Yun Yan, Ruimeng Zhang, Tong Liu, Yuchu Liu, Qing-Yun Guo, Fenggang Bian, Xiaran Miao, Mingjun Huang and Stephen Z. D. Cheng Zebin Su School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640 Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325 , Jiahao Huang Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325 , Wenpeng Shan Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325 , Xiao-Yun Yan Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325 , Ruimeng Zhang Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325 , Tong Liu Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325 , Yuchu Liu Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325 , Qing-Yun Guo Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325 , Fenggang Bian Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204 , Xiaran Miao Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204 , Mingjun Huang *Corresponding authors: E-mail Address: [email protected] E-mail Address: [email protected] School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640 and Stephen Z. D. Cheng *Corresponding authors: E-mail Address: [email protected] E-mail Address: [email protected] School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640 Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325 https://doi.org/10.31635/ccschem.020.202000338 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutAbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail Naturally, subtle variations in the chemical structures of constituent molecules may significantly affect their multiscale spatial arrangements, properties, and functions. Deceptively simple spherical assemblies supply an ideal platform to investigate how subtle chemical differences affect hierarchically assembled structures. Here, the authors report two sets of nanosized shape amphiphiles, which were constructed by a triphenylene core and six polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane cages peripherally grafted through linkers. The slight differences in these samples are merely several methylene units in their linkers, including several pairs of constituent isomers. These nanosized shape amphiphiles self-assemble into a variety of unconventional spherical packing structures, which include the Frank–Kasper σ phase and dodecagonal quasicrystal. Several types of unconventional phase transitions were systematically investigated. The authors alternated the conventional columnar phases of discotic molecules to unconventional spherical packing phases. These unconventional structures may shed light into discovering discotic mesogens-based materials with new properties and functions. Download figure Download PowerPoint Introduction It is well recognized that not only the chemical structure of soft matter determines many associated physical properties, but also the spatial arrangements of constituent molecules in multiple length scales. Subtle variations in chemical structures of constituent molecules may induce considerable transformation on their spatial arrangements and further affect their functions and properties.1–3 One well-known example is sickle cell anemia, which is only a single amino residue mutation where the glutamic acid is substituted by valine, leading to sickle-like shaped red blood cells and results in abnormalities in oxygen-carrying functions.4 Moreover, even for the isomer case, a single leucine to isoleucine substitution in the envelope code 348 of friend murine leukemia virus could dramatically alter the hemolytic effect.5 A tiny mutation in the primary structure of a protein may affect its secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. Furthermore, it could dramatically change the function of that protein. Similar to biomacromolecules, in the case of soft matter self-assembly, a small difference in the molecular chemical structure may result in a distinct self-assembled structure. For example, one methylene difference in the repeat unit of a polymer can turn the right-handed helix lamellar crystal into a left-handed helix lamellar crystal.6 Specifically, Percec et al.7–9 reported constituent isomers of 3,4- and 3,5-disubstituted phenyl ether dendrons self-assembled into a series of dissimilar phase structures. Particularly, spherical assemblies are highly sensitive to a balance of enthalpic and entropic interactions induced by subtle changed in chemical structure. Besides ubiquitous densely packed structures, such as body-centered cubic phase (BCC), hexagonal close packed phase (HCP), and face-centered cubic phase (FCC), there is a class of complex spherical packing phases named Frank–Kasper (F–K) phases, which were originally discovered in metal alloys.10,11 F–K phases are exclusively constructed with tetrahedrally arranged spherical motifs, resulting in so-called tetrahedrally close packing.10,11 Often, the dodecagonal quasicrystal (DDQC) phase with 12-fold orientational symmetry and only one-dimensional (1D) translational symmetry are closely associated with F–K phases, due to similarities in local tetrahedral packing rules.12–14 Complex F–K phases and the DDQC phase have not only been observed in broad soft matter systems, including diblock copolymers,15–23 dendrimers,13,24–31 polymer colloids,32 small molecular surfactants,33–35 giant molecules,36–40 and very recently, sugar–polyolefin conjugates,41,42 but also mesoporous silica,43,44 binary nanocrystal superlattices,45,46 and DNA functionalized nanoparticles.47,48 Several types of F–K phases only have considerably small differences between their overall free energies. Therefore, self-assembled F–K phases are ideal platforms for investigating how subtle chemical differences affect hierarchically assembled structures. Recently, we observed the F–K Z phase (space group P6/mmm), F–K A15 phase (space group P m 3 ¯ n ), and BCC phase (space group I m 3 ¯ m ) in a set of nanosized shape amphiphiles.38 Shape amphiphiles refer to molecules with a defined shape and competing interactions.49–51 These dissimilar structures were induced by varying the number of methylene units in the linkers between the core and peripheral groups. In this article, we design and systematically investigate two new sets of nanosized shape amphiphiles, in which a triphenylene core is attached with six identical polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cages at the periphery through covalent linkers containing amide groups (Figures 1a and 1b). The only slight difference in these samples is their linkers. For the first set of samples, Tp-Ph-C n -6BP (n = 3–11), in which the phenyl group of the linker is conjugated with the triazole group, contains n (n = 3–11) methylene units between the amide group and BPOSS cage (BPOSS cage is a POSS cage functionalized by seven isobutyl groups). The second set of samples, Tp-Bn-C m -6BP (m = 2–5), in which the benzyl group of the linker connects with the triazole group, contains m (m = 2–5) methylene units between the amide group and BPOSS cage. Moreover, Tp-Bn-C m -6BP (m = 2–5) and Tp-Ph-C n -6BP (n = 3–6) construct four pairs of constituent isomers. Figure 1. | Molecular cartoon model and chemical structures of the nanosized shape amphiphiles. (a) Schematic representation of a nanosized shape amphiphile, in which the light-yellow disc and blue cube present the triphenylene core and BPOSS cages, respectively. The chemical structures of the different linkers are presented in the blue dashed box and illustrated by grey wavy segments. The red chips on the grey wavy segment represent the amide groups. (b) The chemical structure of molecule Tp-Ph-C3-6BP. Hydrogen atoms of this molecule are not shown for clarity. Download figure Download PowerPoint The relatively weak π–π interactions supplied by triphenylene cores, together with the hydrogen-bonding interactions supplied by amide groups in the linkers provide the enthalpic driving force for the self-assembly of these nanosized shape amphiphiles. The relatively bulky BPOSS cages at the periphery significantly increase the steric hindrance as an entropic reason to limit these molecules to form columnar structures, which are often observed in discotic liquid crystals. Therefore, tuning the link length and type may manipulate the fine balance between the enthalpic and entropic contributions toward free energies of the phases. Through systematic investigation of the self-assembly behaviors of these giant shape amphiphiles, we have reported the observation of various phases, including the DDQC phase, F–K σ phase (space group P42/mnm), BCC phase, and hexagonal columnar (HEX) phase (planar symmetry group p6mm). Triphenylenes are typically utilized as mesogenic units in discotic liquid crystals and side group liquid crystalline polymers for applications in semiconductors.52,53 The discovery of a series of spherical packing phases in these triphenylene-based nanosized shape amphiphiles enrich the self-assembled hierarchical structures of triphenylenes, which may facilitate the development of triphenylene-based materials for new properties and applications. Experimental Methods The syntheses of the two sets of giant shape amphiphiles are described in the Supporting Information. The purity and molecular structural precision were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy ( Supporting Information Figures S1–S13), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOFMS) ( Supporting Information Figure S14). We measured the thermal properties of these samples by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) ( Supporting Information Figure S15) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) ( Supporting Information Figure S16). TGA results demonstrated that these two sets of samples are thermally stable up to 250 °C (no weight loss up to 300 °C at a heating rate of 1 °C/min under nitrogen atmosphere). DSC results indicated that BPOSS cage crystallization is strongly depressed when the number of methylene groups (n or m + 1) in each linker is less than seven. We observed a weak peak with d spacing of 0.33 nm in the wide angle X-ray diffraction profile ( Supporting Information Figure S17), which corresponds to the characteristic π–π stacking distance between triphenylenes and indicates π–π stacking interactions between triphenylene units. The feature of the π–π stacking interactions between triphenylene units is similar to previous reports.30,52 We also confirmed the hydrogen bonding between amide group by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), in which the bands at about 3320 cm−1 could be attributed to H-bonded N–H stretching ( Supporting Information Figure S18). After the thermal annealing process, these nanosized shape amphiphiles self-assemble into a variety of supramolecular phases, as confirmed by both synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) profiles and bright field (BF) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. Results and Discussion For the nanosized shape amphiphile, Tp-Ph-C3-6BP was freeze dried to obtain the disordered state and then annealed at 150 °C. It self-assembled into spherical motifs and further formed a DDQC phase (Figure 2a). The bulky BPOSS cages at the periphery of an amphiphile prevent the formation of long columnar motifs. Therefore, several molecules stacked into short fragments and formed a spherical motif, as illustrated in Figure 2g. The DDQC phase is demonstrated by a typical SAXS profile in which the scattering vector (q) ratios and intensities of peaks are nearly identical to previous reports.13,17,37 All diffraction peaks in the SAXS profile can be indexed using a five-dimensional (5D) reciprocal lattice in which a1 = a2 = a3 = a4 = 13.93 nm and a5 = 8.10 nm (Figure 2a and Supporting Information Table S1). This structure was further confirmed by BF TEM imaging along the [00001] direction, where four kinds of typical tiling patterns including 33.42, 324.3.4, 36, and 44 were all observed (Figure 2b). We next elevated the annealing temperature to 170 °C, the DDQC phase transformed into a BCC phase (Figure 2c), based on the SAXS profile with typical q ratios of 1: 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 (Figure 2c) and a BF TEM image from the [001] direction (Figure 2d). The phase transition from DDQC phase to BCC phase was also monitored by in situ SAXS experimentation (Figure 3a). The well-developed DDQC phase transforms into a BCC phase after annealing at 170 °C for 30 min (Figure 2g). We next cooled the well-formed BCC phase to 150 °C for as long as 10 days, and the BCC structure remained ( Supporting Information Figure S19), indicating the DDQC phase is the metastable phase for this sample at the experimental temperature, a typical monotropic phase behavior.54 This phenomenon is similar to the DDQC phases observed in other soft matter systems such as block copolymers17 and dendrimers,31 since the DDQC phase is generally found to have compatible stability with F–K phases at relatively low temperature in both experimental results and simulations.14,17 Figure 2. | The self-assembly behaviors of Tp-Ph-C n-6BP (n = 3–11) samples. (a) SAXS profile of the DDQC phase self-assembled by Tp-Ph-C3-6BP after annealing at 150 °C. (b) TEM image taken along the [00001] direction of the DDQC phase. Top right inset: fast Fourier transform (FFT) pattern. Bottom left inset: The Fourier-filtered images of the local TEM image marked by corresponding yellow and red square boxes. (c) SAXS profile of the BCC phase self-assembled Tp-Ph-C3-6BP after annealing at 170 °C. (d) TEM image taken along the [001] direction of the BCC phase. Top right inset: FFT pattern. Bottom left inset: The Fourier-filtered images of the local TEM image marked by red square box. (e) SAXS profile of the HEX phase obtained from Tp-Ph-C11-6BP after annealing at 180 °C. (f) TEM image taken along the columnar axis of the HEX phase self-assembled by Tp-Ph-C11-6BP. Top right inset: FFT pattern. Bottom left inset: The Fourier-filtered images of the local TEM image marked by red square box. (g) The schematic illustration of the self-assembly of Tp-Ph-C3-6BP. (h) The schematic illustration of the self-assembly of Tp-Ph-C7-6BP. Download figure Download PowerPoint We next investigated the impact of the length of linkers on self-assembly. We increased the linker length by adding methylene units one by one into the linker, resulting in Tp-Ph-C4-6BP, Tp-Ph-C5-6BP, and Tp-Ph-C6-6BP with four, five, and six methylene units between the BPOSS cage and amide group, respectively. They self-assembled into BCC phases identified by SAXS in the annealing temperature range from 150 to 220 °C ( Supporting Information Figures S20–S22). Further analysis demonstrates that each spherical motif in the BCC phases formed by Tp-Ph-C4-6BP, Tp-Ph-C5-6BP, and Tp-Ph-C6-6BP contains approximately eight, nine, and 11 molecules, respectively. The increasing numbers of molecules in each spherical motif of these three samples indicate that longer linkers enable more molecules to assemble into a spherical motif. Figure 3. | Investigations of the phase transition behaviors through in-situ SAXS experiments. (a) SAXS profiles demonstrate the formation of the DDQC phase from sample Tp-Ph-C3-6BP after annealing at 150 °C for 1 h, which completely transforms into the BCC phase after annealing at 170 °C for 30 min. (b) SAXS profiles demonstrate the formation of the HEX phase from sample Tp-Ph-C7-6BP after annealing at 180 °C for 1 h, which completely transforms into the BCC phase after annealing at 200 °C for 1 h. Download figure Download PowerPoint Moreover, we further increased the number of methylene groups in the linkers, and achieved samples Tp-Ph-C7-6BP, Tp-Ph-C8-6BP, Tp-Ph-C9-6BP, and Tp-Ph-C10-6BP. All of these four samples self-assembled into HEX phases with q ratios of 1: 3 : 4 : 7 in the SAXS profiles after annealing at 180 °C ( Supporting Information Figures S23–S26). Next, we increased the annealing temperature above 200 °C, and the HEX phases transformed into BCC phases by breaking the stacking column and those broken motifs further deformed into spherical motifs (Figure 2h and Supporting Information Figures S23–S26). This phase transition was also observed by the in situ SAXS experiment (Figure 3b). As the annealing temperature increased, the thermal expansion of BPOSS cages generates a more crowded periphery. However, the π–π interaction between triphenylene cores and intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions at the linkers became weaker. The combination of these two effects drives the columnar motifs in the HEX phase to break into spherical motifs and further assemble into BCC phases. These BCC phases can transform back to the HEX phase at an annealing temperature of 180 °C, which means the phase transition between the HEX phase and BCC phase is reversible ( Supporting Information Figures S24 and S26). However, Tp-Ph-C11-6BP with the longest linkers in this set of samples, self-assembles into the HEX phase at an annealing temperature range from 180 to 240 °C (Figures 2e and 2f and Supporting Information Figure S27), without phase transition to any spherical packing phase (Figures 2g and 2h). In this case, the longest linkers of Tp-Ph-C11-6BP enable the formation of columnar motifs with relatively large radii, which can facilitate π–π stacking between triphenylenes and significantly reduce the steric hindrance of the BPOSS cages. The relatively long linkers of Tp-Ph-C n -6BP (n = 7–11) render the BPOSS cages with enough mobility and can crystallize after cooling to temperatures below their melting points. For the second set of samples, the Tp-Bn-C m -6BP (m = 2–5) samples demonstrate different phase behaviors, although their chemical structures are just different in several methylene groups of each linkers. Moreover, Tp-Bn-C m -6BP (m = 2–5) samples are constituent isomers of Tp-Ph-C n -6BP (n = 3–6). Surprisingly, they exhibit distinct self-assembly behaviors comparable with their constituent isomers. Tp-Bn-C2-6BP self-assembles into the BCC phase at an annealing temperature range from 160 to 220 °C ( Supporting Information Figure S28). Tp-Bn-C3-6BP and Tp-Bn-C4-6BP also self-assemble into the BCC phase at a relatively low annealing temperature range from 160 to 210 °C (Figure 4a and Supporting Information Figures S29 and S30). Order–order transition takes place when the temperature is close to but not below the temperature of order–disorder transition (TODT), and Tp-Bn-C3-6BP and Tp-Bn-C4-6BP transform from the BCC phase into the F–K σ phase at 230 and 220 °C, respectively (Figurse 4a and 4d, Supporting Information Figures S29 and S30). The σ phase was identified by SAXS profiles which can be unambiguously indexed based on space group P42/mnm (Figure 4a). The corresponding BF TEM images along the [001] direction display the distinctive 32.4.3.4 tiling pattern corroborating the formation of the σ phase (Figure 4b). The phase transitions between BCC phase and σ phase of these two samples are reversible ( Supporting Information Figures S29 and S30), indicating enantiotropic phase behaviors.54 Compared with these two samples, Tp-Bn-C5-6BP only self-assembled into the σ phase at an annealing temperature range from 180 to 220 °C ( Supporting Information Figure S31). We summarize all the self-assembled structures of these two sets of nanosized amphiphiles in Table 1. Figure 4. | Self-assembly behavior of Tp-Bn-C4-6BP. (a) High-quality SAXS profile of the σ phase self-assembled by Tp-Bn-C4-6BP after annealing at 220 °C. (b) TEM image taken along the [001] direction of the σ phase. Top right inset: FFT pattern. Bottom left inset: The Fourier-filtered image of the local TEM image marked by red square box. (c) SAXS profile shows the formation of the BCC phase assembled by Tp-Bn-C4-6BP after annealing at 160 °C for 30 min, which then completely transforms into the σ phase after annealing at 220 °C for 1 h. (d) Schematic illustration of the transition from BCC lattice to σ lattice. Download figure Download PowerPoint Table 1. | Summary of the Supramolecular Lattices Formed by Two Sets of Nanosized Amphiphiles Molecules Phase T (°C) Lattice Dimension (nm)a Mwt (g/mol)b Rsphere(nm)c μd Tp-Ph-C3-6BP DDQC 150 — 6670.81 — — BCC 170 a = 5.08 2.50 6.92 Tp-Ph-C4-6BP BCC 150 a = 5.29 6754.97 2.61 7.72 Tp-Ph-C5-6BP BCC 150 a = 5.52 6839.14 2.72 8.66 Tp-Ph-C6-6BP BCC 150 a = 6.00 6923.30 2.95 10.99 Tp-Ph-C7-6BP HEX 180 d = 5.30 7007.46 — — BCC 200 a = 6.17 3.04 11.80 Tp-Ph-C8-6BP HEX 180 d = 5.53 7091.62 — — BCC 200 a = 6.28 3.09 12.30 Tp-Ph-C9-6BP HEX 180 d = 5.67 7175.78 — — BCC 200 a = 6.44 3.17 13.11 Tp-Ph-C10-6BP HEX 180 d = 5.86 7259.95 — — BCC 200 a = 6.56 3.23 13.69 Tp-Ph-C11-6BP HEX 180 d = 6.05 7344.11 — — Tp-Bn-C2-6BP BCC 160 a = 4.77 6670.81 2.35 5.73 Tp-Bn-C3-6BP BCC 160 a = 4.94 6754.97 2.43 6.30 σ 230 a = 15.73, c = 8.21 2.52 7.06 Tp-Bn-C4-6BP BCC 160 a = 5.11 6839.14 2.52 6.87 σ 220 a = 15.90, c = 8.31 2.61 7.21 Tp-Bn-C5-6BP σ 180 a = 16.61, c = 8.76 6923.30 2.68 8.19 The self-assembly behaviors of these nanosize-shaped amphiphiles are dominated by combinations of the enthalpic and entropic contributions from both the relatively rigid core and relatively soft corona of the spherical motifs. The free energy competence between the spherical packing phases formed by nanosized shape amphiphiles is highly sensitive to the radius of relatively rigid core (Rc) and the thickness of soft corona (Lc). In this article, the Rc is mainly by the of triphenylene core and is the length of soft corona from short to the packing structure can be into three (Figure the is short or the linker is rigid which can be as the core a spherical motif is close to an ideal rigid which with packing to the free Therefore, a relatively BCC phase or a closely packed phase is observed in materials formed by rigid spherical Rc is and the to a considerable the packing of spherical motifs to The soft corona of spherical motifs a in the spherical packing lattice. The soft corona to the since the between the spherical motifs the of molecules and orientational The of can be described by the of its motifs of a lattice based on is by the = is polyhedral and is polyhedral based on with an limit to by an ideal The means the motifs of a lattice are to an ideal and have for orientational The of the σ phase A15 phase and Z phase are than the BCC phase or phase However, when soft spherical motifs assemble into an the spherical symmetry of the motifs be broken by the lattice symmetry to a space Therefore, spherical motifs into corresponding to with increasing energy as the the the packing of spherical motifs to The soft corona is the energy of the spherical the BCC phase is since the more deformed cell of a BCC phase can more space and of soft linkers. Figure | (a) of spherical packing with rigid core and increasing thickness of soft and energy of the linkers in Tp-Ph-C n-6BP and Tp-Bn-C respectively. and their corresponding energies are shown in the corresponding Download figure Download PowerPoint For the Tp-Bn-C m -6BP (m = 2–5) samples, they at I and The corona of the Tp-Bn-C2-6BP is more rigid than any other samples of Tp-Bn-C m to the linkers these samples. Tp-Bn-C2-6BP at I and the densely packed BCC phase. Tp-Bn-C3-6BP and Tp-Bn-C4-6BP corona than Tp-Bn-C2-6BP and in the between the I and relatively low temperature, Tp-Bn-C3-6BP and Tp-Bn-C4-6BP form the BCC phase for packing relatively temperature, Tp-Bn-C3-6BP and Tp-Bn-C4-6BP transform into the σ phase for and orientational for the BPOSS cages and spherical motifs. Tp-Bn-C5-6BP with the longest linkers in this set of samples into and self-assemble into the σ phase at 180 °C. Compared with Tp-Bn-C3-6BP and Tp-Bn-C4-6BP the σ phase at annealing both of relatively short linkers and at the between I and annealing temperature is for the phase transition from BCC phase to σ phase. The of the of four pairs of constituent isomers Tp-Bn-C m -6BP (m = 2–5) and Tp-Ph-C n -6BP (n = 3–6) is more since the chemical of each of isomers is However, the of a single methylene unit may significantly affect the mobility of the linker and further intermolecular hydrogen bonding in a nanosized shape amphiphiles. For Tp-Bn-C m -6BP (m = 2–5), the phenyl group and triazole group in each linker are by a methylene The methylene group between these two considerable orientational and intermolecular hydrogen bonding amide linkers. The more rigid linker can be as of the rigid In for Tp-Ph-C n -6BP (n = the phenyl group with the triazole The two conjugated significantly the of the amide group in the linkers and further the intermolecular hydrogen In this the linkers in the Tp-Ph-C n -6BP series their this we for energy of these two types of linkers at different at the ( Supporting The two local energies of the linker in Tp-Bn-C n -6BP are and respectively (Figure However, the two local energies of linker in Tp-Ph-C m -6BP are and (Figure which are than the

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Constituent Isomerism-Induced Quasicrystal and Frank–Kasper σ Superlattices Based on Nanosized Shape Amphiphiles

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Zebin Su, Jiahao Huang, Wenpeng Shan, Xiaoyun Yan, Ruimeng Zhang, Tong Liu, Yuchu Liu, Qing‐Yun Guo, Fenggang Bian, Xiaran Miao, Mingjun Huang, Stephen Z. D. Cheng

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