Context-Adaptive Color Optimization for Web Accessibility: Balancing Perceptual Fidelity and Functional Requirements Article Swipe

View

R, Lalitha A ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623

We extend our OKLCH-based accessibility optimization with context-adaptive constraint strategies that achieve near-universal success rates across diverse use cases. Our original strict algorithm reached 66-77% success by prioritizing minimal perceptual change ($ΔE \leq 5.0$), optimizing for enterprise contexts where brand fidelity is paramount. However, this one-size-fits-all approach fails to serve the broader ecosystem of web developers who need accessible solutions even when strict perceptual constraints cannot be satisfied. We introduce recursive optimization (Mode~1) that compounds small adjustments across iterations, achieving 93.68% success on all color pairs and 100% success on reasonable pairs (contrast ratio $ρ> 2.0$), representing a +27.23 percentage point improvement. A relaxed fallback mode (Mode~2) handles pathological edge cases, reaching 98.73% overall success. Evaluation on 10,000 realistic web color pairs demonstrates that context-aware constraint relaxation, combined with absolute hue preservation, enables practical accessibility compliance while maintaining brand color identity. The median perceptual change remains zero across all modes (most pairs already comply), while the 90th percentile reaches $ΔE_{2000} = 15.55$ in Mode~1 -- perceptually acceptable when hue invariance preserves the essential character of the original color. The approach is deployed in CM-Colors v0.5.0 (800+ monthly downloads), providing developers with explicit control over the accessibility-fidelity trade-off appropriate to their context.

Related Topics

Computer Science

Fidelity

Perception

Artificial Intelligence

Human–Computer Interaction

High Fidelity

Computer Vision

Machine Learning

Concepts

Computer science Fidelity Perception Hue Constraint (computer-aided design) Artificial intelligence Point (geometry) Mode (computer interface) Optimization problem Control (management) Human–computer interaction Mathematical optimization High fidelity Variation (astronomy) Computer vision Machine learning Line (geometry) Constraint satisfaction problem Representation (politics) Web application

Metadata

Type: preprint
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623
OA Status: green
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W7111352546

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W7111352546

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Context-Adaptive Color Optimization for Web Accessibility: Balancing Perceptual Fidelity and Functional Requirements

Work title
Type: preprint

OpenAlex work type
Publication year: 2025

Year of publication
Publication date: 2025-12-08

Full publication date if available
Authors: R, Lalitha A

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623

Publisher landing page
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: green

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Computer science, Fidelity, Perception, Hue, Constraint (computer-aided design), Artificial intelligence, Point (geometry), Mode (computer interface), Optimization problem, Control (management), Human–computer interaction, Mathematical optimization, High fidelity, Variation (astronomy), Computer vision, Machine learning, Line (geometry), Constraint satisfaction problem, Representation (politics), Web application

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 0

Total citation count in OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W7111352546
doi	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W7111352546
fwci
type	preprint
title	Context-Adaptive Color Optimization for Web Accessibility: Balancing Perceptual Fidelity and Functional Requirements
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[0].level	0
concepts[0].score	0.6292533874511719
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[0].display_name	Computer science
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C2776459999
concepts[1].level	2
concepts[1].score	0.6036052703857422
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376
concepts[1].display_name	Fidelity
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C26760741
concepts[2].level	2
concepts[2].score	0.5598811507225037
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402
concepts[2].display_name	Perception
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C126537357
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.5318185091018677
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948
concepts[3].display_name	Hue
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C2776036281
concepts[4].level	2
concepts[4].score	0.5058377385139465
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818
concepts[4].display_name	Constraint (computer-aided design)
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C154945302
concepts[5].level	1
concepts[5].score	0.44283756613731384
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660
concepts[5].display_name	Artificial intelligence
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C28719098
concepts[6].level	2
concepts[6].score	0.44056499004364014
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946
concepts[6].display_name	Point (geometry)
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C48677424
concepts[7].level	2
concepts[7].score	0.4071747660636902
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088
concepts[7].display_name	Mode (computer interface)
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C137836250
concepts[8].level	2
concepts[8].score	0.39268893003463745
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063
concepts[8].display_name	Optimization problem
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C2775924081
concepts[9].level	2
concepts[9].score	0.3523528277873993
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371
concepts[9].display_name	Control (management)
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C107457646
concepts[10].level	1
concepts[10].score	0.3377559781074524
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434
concepts[10].display_name	Human–computer interaction
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C126255220
concepts[11].level	1
concepts[11].score	0.32290366291999817
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495
concepts[11].display_name	Mathematical optimization
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C113364801
concepts[12].level	2
concepts[12].score	0.32146817445755005
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26674
concepts[12].display_name	High fidelity
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C2778334786
concepts[13].level	2
concepts[13].score	0.30609840154647827
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270
concepts[13].display_name	Variation (astronomy)
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C31972630
concepts[14].level	1
concepts[14].score	0.3041656017303467
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240
concepts[14].display_name	Computer vision
concepts[15].id	https://openalex.org/C119857082
concepts[15].level	1
concepts[15].score	0.2985837161540985
concepts[15].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539
concepts[15].display_name	Machine learning
concepts[16].id	https://openalex.org/C198352243
concepts[16].level	2
concepts[16].score	0.2982628345489502
concepts[16].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105
concepts[16].display_name	Line (geometry)
concepts[17].id	https://openalex.org/C199622910
concepts[17].level	3
concepts[17].score	0.27954450249671936
concepts[17].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128326
concepts[17].display_name	Constraint satisfaction problem
concepts[18].id	https://openalex.org/C2776359362
concepts[18].level	3
concepts[18].score	0.26951879262924194
concepts[18].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286
concepts[18].display_name	Representation (politics)
concepts[19].id	https://openalex.org/C118643609
concepts[19].level	2
concepts[19].score	0.25792360305786133
concepts[19].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210
concepts[19].display_name	Web application
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity
keywords[0].score	0.6036052703857422
keywords[0].display_name	Fidelity
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/perception
keywords[1].score	0.5598811507225037
keywords[1].display_name	Perception
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/hue
keywords[2].score	0.5318185091018677
keywords[2].display_name	Hue
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint
keywords[3].score	0.5058377385139465
keywords[3].display_name	Constraint (computer-aided design)
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/point
keywords[4].score	0.44056499004364014
keywords[4].display_name	Point (geometry)
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/mode
keywords[5].score	0.4071747660636902
keywords[5].display_name	Mode (computer interface)
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem
keywords[6].score	0.39268893003463745
keywords[6].display_name	Optimization problem
language
locations[0].id	doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
locations[0].source.issn
locations[0].source.type	repository
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l
locations[0].source.is_core	False
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url
locations[0].version
locations[0].raw_type	article
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	False
locations[0].is_published
locations[0].raw_source_name
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623
indexed_in	datacite
authorships[0].author.id
authorships[0].author.orcid
authorships[0].author.display_name	R, Lalitha A
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	R, Lalitha A
authorships[0].is_corresponding	True
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623
open_access.oa_status	green
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-12-10T00:00:00
display_name	Context-Adaptive Color Optimization for Web Accessibility: Balancing Perceptual Fidelity and Functional Requirements
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-12-10T02:49:46.989445
primary_topic
cited_by_count	0
locations_count	1
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
best_oa_location.source.issn
best_oa_location.source.type	repository
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l
best_oa_location.source.is_core	False
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url
best_oa_location.version
best_oa_location.raw_type	article
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	False
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623
primary_location.id	doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
primary_location.source.issn
primary_location.source.type	repository
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l
primary_location.source.is_core	False
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url
primary_location.version
primary_location.raw_type	article
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	False
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.07623
publication_date	2025-12-08
publication_year	2025
referenced_works_count	0
abstract_inverted_index.=	160
abstract_inverted_index.A	102
abstract_inverted_index.a	97
abstract_inverted_index.--	164
abstract_inverted_index.We	0, 68
abstract_inverted_index.be	66
abstract_inverted_index.by	26
abstract_inverted_index.in	162, 182
abstract_inverted_index.is	41, 180
abstract_inverted_index.of	53, 174
abstract_inverted_index.on	82, 89, 116
abstract_inverted_index.to	48, 198
abstract_inverted_index.Our	19
abstract_inverted_index.The	141, 178
abstract_inverted_index.all	83, 148
abstract_inverted_index.and	86
abstract_inverted_index.for	35
abstract_inverted_index.hue	130, 168
abstract_inverted_index.our	2
abstract_inverted_index.the	50, 155, 171, 175, 194
abstract_inverted_index.use	17
abstract_inverted_index.web	54, 119
abstract_inverted_index.who	56
abstract_inverted_index.100%	87
abstract_inverted_index.90th	156
abstract_inverted_index.\leq	32
abstract_inverted_index.edge	109
abstract_inverted_index.even	60
abstract_inverted_index.mode	105
abstract_inverted_index.need	57
abstract_inverted_index.over	193
abstract_inverted_index.that	10, 73, 123
abstract_inverted_index.this	44
abstract_inverted_index.when	61, 167
abstract_inverted_index.with	6, 128, 190
abstract_inverted_index.zero	146
abstract_inverted_index.($ΔE	31
abstract_inverted_index.(800+	185
abstract_inverted_index.(most	150
abstract_inverted_index.brand	39, 138
abstract_inverted_index.color	84, 120, 139
abstract_inverted_index.fails	47
abstract_inverted_index.modes	149
abstract_inverted_index.pairs	85, 91, 121, 151
abstract_inverted_index.point	100
abstract_inverted_index.rates	14
abstract_inverted_index.ratio	93
abstract_inverted_index.serve	49
abstract_inverted_index.small	75
abstract_inverted_index.their	199
abstract_inverted_index.where	38
abstract_inverted_index.while	136, 154
abstract_inverted_index.+27.23	98
abstract_inverted_index.10,000	117
abstract_inverted_index.15.55$	161
abstract_inverted_index.2.0$),	95
abstract_inverted_index.5.0$),	33
abstract_inverted_index.66-77%	24
abstract_inverted_index.93.68%	80
abstract_inverted_index.98.73%	112
abstract_inverted_index.Mode~1	163
abstract_inverted_index.across	15, 77, 147
abstract_inverted_index.cannot	65
abstract_inverted_index.cases,	110
abstract_inverted_index.cases.	18
abstract_inverted_index.change	30, 144
abstract_inverted_index.color.	177
abstract_inverted_index.extend	1
abstract_inverted_index.median	142
abstract_inverted_index.strict	21, 62
abstract_inverted_index.v0.5.0	184
abstract_inverted_index.$ρ>	94
abstract_inverted_index.achieve	11
abstract_inverted_index.already	152
abstract_inverted_index.broader	51
abstract_inverted_index.control	192
abstract_inverted_index.diverse	16
abstract_inverted_index.enables	132
abstract_inverted_index.handles	107
abstract_inverted_index.minimal	28
abstract_inverted_index.monthly	186
abstract_inverted_index.overall	113
abstract_inverted_index.reached	23
abstract_inverted_index.reaches	158
abstract_inverted_index.relaxed	103
abstract_inverted_index.remains	145
abstract_inverted_index.success	13, 25, 81, 88
abstract_inverted_index.(Mode~1)	72
abstract_inverted_index.(Mode~2)	106
abstract_inverted_index.However,	43
abstract_inverted_index.absolute	129
abstract_inverted_index.approach	46, 179
abstract_inverted_index.combined	127
abstract_inverted_index.comply),	153
abstract_inverted_index.context.	200
abstract_inverted_index.contexts	37
abstract_inverted_index.deployed	181
abstract_inverted_index.explicit	191
abstract_inverted_index.fallback	104
abstract_inverted_index.fidelity	40
abstract_inverted_index.original	20, 176
abstract_inverted_index.reaching	111
abstract_inverted_index.success.	114
abstract_inverted_index.(contrast	92
abstract_inverted_index.CM-Colors	183
abstract_inverted_index.achieving	79
abstract_inverted_index.algorithm	22
abstract_inverted_index.character	173
abstract_inverted_index.compounds	74
abstract_inverted_index.ecosystem	52
abstract_inverted_index.essential	172
abstract_inverted_index.identity.	140
abstract_inverted_index.introduce	69
abstract_inverted_index.practical	133
abstract_inverted_index.preserves	170
abstract_inverted_index.providing	188
abstract_inverted_index.realistic	118
abstract_inverted_index.recursive	70
abstract_inverted_index.solutions	59
abstract_inverted_index.trade-off	196
abstract_inverted_index.Evaluation	115
abstract_inverted_index.acceptable	166
abstract_inverted_index.accessible	58
abstract_inverted_index.compliance	135
abstract_inverted_index.constraint	8, 125
abstract_inverted_index.developers	55, 189
abstract_inverted_index.enterprise	36
abstract_inverted_index.invariance	169
abstract_inverted_index.optimizing	34
abstract_inverted_index.paramount.	42
abstract_inverted_index.percentage	99
abstract_inverted_index.percentile	157
abstract_inverted_index.perceptual	29, 63, 143
abstract_inverted_index.reasonable	90
abstract_inverted_index.satisfied.	67
abstract_inverted_index.strategies	9
abstract_inverted_index.$ΔE_{2000}	159
abstract_inverted_index.OKLCH-based	3
abstract_inverted_index.adjustments	76
abstract_inverted_index.appropriate	197
abstract_inverted_index.constraints	64
abstract_inverted_index.downloads),	187
abstract_inverted_index.iterations,	78
abstract_inverted_index.maintaining	137
abstract_inverted_index.relaxation,	126
abstract_inverted_index.demonstrates	122
abstract_inverted_index.improvement.	101
abstract_inverted_index.optimization	5, 71
abstract_inverted_index.pathological	108
abstract_inverted_index.perceptually	165
abstract_inverted_index.prioritizing	27
abstract_inverted_index.representing	96
abstract_inverted_index.accessibility	4, 134
abstract_inverted_index.context-aware	124
abstract_inverted_index.preservation,	131
abstract_inverted_index.near-universal	12
abstract_inverted_index.context-adaptive	7
abstract_inverted_index.one-size-fits-all	45
abstract_inverted_index.accessibility-fidelity	195
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	1
citation_normalized_percentile