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Walid Taha , Abd‐Elhamid M. Taha , Johan Thunberg ·

YOU? · · 2020 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36071-9_4 · OA: W4232017864

How can we get the output of a system to behave in a certain way if we only have direct control on the input? In this chapter we cover error, feedback (negative and positive), and stability. We look at recognizing these concepts in static systems (op-amp) and in dynamic systems. We also cover PID controlPID control ler design as a very basic example of how controllers are designed. Finally, we discuss the effect of implementing a controller on a digital computer and the effects of using finite representations of values (N bits to represent values) and time (being able to sample or actuate only at clock ticks).