Correlation between refractive errors and ocular biometric parameters in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis Article Swipe
Zengrui Zhang
,
Jingyu Mu
,
Jing Wei
,
Haoming Geng
,
Chunmeng Liu
,
Wenhua Yi
,
Yue Sun
,
Junguo Duan
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7
Background Refractive errors are one of the most common ocular conditions among children and adolescents, with myopia showing an increasing prevalence and early onset in this population. Recent studies have identified a correlation between refractive errors and ocular biometric parameters. Methods A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Medline from January 1, 2012, to May 1, 2023. Various ocular biometric parameters were summarized under different refractive states, including axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), corneal curvature (CC), Corneal curvature radius (CR),axial length-to-corneal radius ratio (AL/CR ratio), choroidal thickness (ChT), retinal thickness (RT), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL), and retinal blood density (VD). The differences in these parameters among different refractive states were analyzed using Stata software with fixed or random-effects models, taking into account the assessed heterogeneity level. Results This meta-analysis included a total of 69 studies involving 128,178 eyes, including 48,795 emmetropic eyes, 60,691 myopic eyes, 13,983 hyperopic eyes, 2,040 low myopic eyes, 1,201 moderate myopic eyes, and 1,468 high myopic eyes. The results of our study demonstrated that, compared to the control group (emmetropic group), the myopic group and low, moderate, and high myopic groups showed significant increases in AL, AL/CR ratio, and ACD, while the hyperopic group exhibited significant decreases. Compared to the control group, the myopic group had a significantly increase for CC, while CR, CCT, perifoveal RT, subfoveal ChT, foveal ChT, parafoveal ChT, perifoveal (except nasal) ChT, and pRNFL (except temporal) significantly decreased. Compared to the control group, the hyperopic group had a significantly increase for subfoveal ChT, foveal ChT, parafoveal ChT, perifoveal ChT, and nasal pRNFL. Compared to the control group, the low and moderate myopic groups had a significantly decreases for the CCT, parafoveal RT (except nasal), perifoveal RT (except nasal), and pRNFL (except superior and temporal). Compared to the control group, the high myopic group had a significantly increase for CR, while LT, perifoveal ChT (except nasal), parafoveal RT, perifoveal RT, and pRNFL (except temporal) had significant decreased. Conclusion The changes of ocular biometric parameters in children and adolescents are closely related to refractive errors. Ocular biometric parameters devices, as effective non-invasive techniques, provide objective biological markers for monitoring refractive errors such as myopia.
Related Topics
Concepts
Emmetropia
Medicine
Ophthalmology
Meta-analysis
Cochrane Library
Retinal
Refractive error
Anisometropia
Vitreous chamber
Corneal topography
Cornea
Optometry
Visual acuity
Internal medicine
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7
- https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 21
- References
- 166
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4388850826
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4388850826Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Correlation between refractive errors and ocular biometric parameters in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysisWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-11-21Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Zengrui Zhang, Jingyu Mu, Jing Wei, Haoming Geng, Chunmeng Liu, Wenhua Yi, Yue Sun, Junguo DuanList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Emmetropia, Medicine, Ophthalmology, Meta-analysis, Cochrane Library, Retinal, Refractive error, Anisometropia, Vitreous chamber, Corneal topography, Cornea, Optometry, Visual acuity, Internal medicineTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
21Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 13, 2024: 7, 2023: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
166Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4388850826 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37990308 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4388850826 |
| fwci | 7.41414233 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D002648 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Child |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D000293 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Adolescent |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D041623 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Tomography, Optical Coherence |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D012030 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Refractive Errors |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D009216 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Myopia |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D012160 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Retina |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D012029 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Refraction, Ocular |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D006956 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Hyperopia |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D001699 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Biometry |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D002648 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Child |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D000293 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Adolescent |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D041623 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Tomography, Optical Coherence |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D012030 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Refractive Errors |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D009216 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Myopia |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D012160 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Retina |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D012029 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Refraction, Ocular |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D006956 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Hyperopia |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D001699 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | Biometry |
| mesh[20].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[20].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[20].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[20].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[20].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[21].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[21].descriptor_ui | D002648 |
| mesh[21].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[21].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[21].descriptor_name | Child |
| mesh[22].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[22].descriptor_ui | D000293 |
| mesh[22].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[22].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[22].descriptor_name | Adolescent |
| mesh[23].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[23].descriptor_ui | D041623 |
| mesh[23].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[23].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[23].descriptor_name | Tomography, Optical Coherence |
| mesh[24].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[24].descriptor_ui | D012030 |
| mesh[24].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[24].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[24].descriptor_name | Refractive Errors |
| mesh[25].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[25].descriptor_ui | D009216 |
| mesh[25].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[25].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[25].descriptor_name | Myopia |
| mesh[26].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[26].descriptor_ui | D012160 |
| mesh[26].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[26].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[26].descriptor_name | Retina |
| mesh[27].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[27].descriptor_ui | D012029 |
| mesh[27].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[27].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[27].descriptor_name | Refraction, Ocular |
| mesh[28].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[28].descriptor_ui | D006956 |
| mesh[28].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[28].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[28].descriptor_name | Hyperopia |
| mesh[29].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[29].descriptor_ui | D001699 |
| mesh[29].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[29].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[29].descriptor_name | Biometry |
| type | review |
| title | Correlation between refractive errors and ocular biometric parameters in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 23 |
| biblio.last_page | 472 |
| biblio.first_page | 472 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10381 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| topics[0].display_name | Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10563 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2741 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging |
| topics[1].display_name | Corneal surgery and disorders |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10250 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9990000128746033 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2731 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Ophthalmology |
| topics[2].display_name | Glaucoma and retinal disorders |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1570 |
| apc_list.currency | GBP |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1925 |
| apc_paid.value | 1570 |
| apc_paid.currency | GBP |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1925 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C169126688 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9041625261306763 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1310580 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Emmetropia |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.8760439157485962 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C118487528 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7169314026832581 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Ophthalmology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C95190672 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6628580093383789 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Meta-analysis |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2776478404 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5446876287460327 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Cochrane Library |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2780827179 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5395826697349548 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Retinal |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2781135284 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.535521388053894 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470427 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Refractive error |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2780365402 |
| concepts[7].level | 4 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.48531097173690796 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247978 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Anisometropia |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2781264644 |
| concepts[8].level | 4 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4633868634700775 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16885473 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Vitreous chamber |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2781053140 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4283865988254547 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3501232 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Corneal topography |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2776882836 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4151197373867035 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168291 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Cornea |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C119767625 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.39788952469825745 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Optometry |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C2778257484 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.23567652702331543 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Visual acuity |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.08135893940925598 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/emmetropia |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9041625261306763 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Emmetropia |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[1].score | 0.8760439157485962 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7169314026832581 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Ophthalmology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6628580093383789 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Meta-analysis |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cochrane-library |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5446876287460327 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Cochrane Library |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5395826697349548 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Retinal |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-error |
| keywords[6].score | 0.535521388053894 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Refractive error |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/anisometropia |
| keywords[7].score | 0.48531097173690796 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Anisometropia |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/vitreous-chamber |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4633868634700775 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Vitreous chamber |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/corneal-topography |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4283865988254547 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Corneal topography |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cornea |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4151197373867035 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Cornea |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry |
| keywords[11].score | 0.39788952469825745 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Optometry |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-acuity |
| keywords[12].score | 0.23567652702331543 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Visual acuity |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[13].score | 0.08135893940925598 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Internal medicine |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S49440999 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1471-2415 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1471-2415 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | BMC Ophthalmology |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320256 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | BioMed Central |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320256, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | BioMed Central, Springer Nature |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | BMC Ophthalmology |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:37990308 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | BMC ophthalmology |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37990308 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10662558 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10662558/pdf/12886_2023_Article_3222.pdf |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | BMC Ophthalmol |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10662558 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:43e6da082fdb45fa97264f8a0ffc2f1c |
| locations[3].is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[3].license | |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | article |
| locations[3].license_id | |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | BMC Ophthalmology, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-24 (2023) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/43e6da082fdb45fa97264f8a0ffc2f1c |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5021449990 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9129-5892 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Zengrui Zhang |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034z67559 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Chengdu University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Zengrui Zhang |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5111055077 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-258X |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Jingyu Mu |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034z67559 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Chengdu University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Jingyu Mu |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101631945 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-5406 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jing Wei |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034z67559 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Chengdu University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jing Wei |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100595918 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4615-0473 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Haoming Geng |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034z67559 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Chengdu University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Haoming Geng |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5034594447 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-9083 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Chunmeng Liu |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034z67559 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Chengdu University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Chunmeng Liu |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100581413 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Wenhua Yi |
| authorships[5].countries | CN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Eye college of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034z67559 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Chengdu University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Wenhua Yi |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Eye college of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5106508549 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Yue Sun |
| authorships[6].countries | CN |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034z67559 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Chengdu University |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Yue Sun |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5103051961 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-6038 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Junguo Duan |
| authorships[7].countries | CN |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034z67559 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210125143 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Chengdu University |
| authorships[7].author_position | last |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Junguo Duan |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Correlation between refractive errors and ocular biometric parameters in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10381 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W204015169, https://openalex.org/W2070453726, https://openalex.org/W2077570313, https://openalex.org/W2076532128, https://openalex.org/W2024266258, https://openalex.org/W4318263142, https://openalex.org/W1976871329, https://openalex.org/W2093909166, https://openalex.org/W1506809007, https://openalex.org/W2606110413 |
| cited_by_count | 21 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 13 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S49440999 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1471-2415 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1471-2415 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | BMC Ophthalmology |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320256 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | BioMed Central |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320256, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | BioMed Central, Springer Nature |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | BMC Ophthalmology |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S49440999 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1471-2415 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1471-2415 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | BMC Ophthalmology |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320256 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | BioMed Central |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320256, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | BioMed Central, Springer Nature |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | BMC Ophthalmology |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03222-7 |
| publication_date | 2023-11-21 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3004784834, https://openalex.org/W3136111019, https://openalex.org/W2954311256, https://openalex.org/W2263495255, https://openalex.org/W2081726664, https://openalex.org/W2795151768, https://openalex.org/W2582088709, https://openalex.org/W2003759790, https://openalex.org/W2778338360, https://openalex.org/W2102238334, https://openalex.org/W4220806513, https://openalex.org/W4396843414, https://openalex.org/W3168610770, https://openalex.org/W3158930346, https://openalex.org/W2004949314, https://openalex.org/W3111062608, https://openalex.org/W2884967570, https://openalex.org/W2944355657, https://openalex.org/W4322758589, https://openalex.org/W2782728038, https://openalex.org/W3023754577, https://openalex.org/W2347149639, https://openalex.org/W3183166194, https://openalex.org/W2764248048, https://openalex.org/W1986667887, https://openalex.org/W4313226004, https://openalex.org/W2602068001, https://openalex.org/W2402271088, https://openalex.org/W2942679043, https://openalex.org/W4281687924, https://openalex.org/W2409631694, https://openalex.org/W4210977132, https://openalex.org/W2777010156, https://openalex.org/W4281249838, https://openalex.org/W2387011585, https://openalex.org/W2600898143, https://openalex.org/W1965796998, https://openalex.org/W4280536443, https://openalex.org/W2059530115, https://openalex.org/W2941118007, https://openalex.org/W2294519409, https://openalex.org/W3213096532, https://openalex.org/W4405964251, https://openalex.org/W3180292993, https://openalex.org/W3209713588, https://openalex.org/W2726974437, https://openalex.org/W4294751165, https://openalex.org/W4319324347, https://openalex.org/W3203606387, https://openalex.org/W2780543070, https://openalex.org/W4226029535, https://openalex.org/W4300453819, https://openalex.org/W2939932761, https://openalex.org/W2163914036, https://openalex.org/W2588044938, https://openalex.org/W4220780609, https://openalex.org/W4200038478, https://openalex.org/W3198248543, https://openalex.org/W2790748800, https://openalex.org/W2793999677, https://openalex.org/W3123869216, https://openalex.org/W3010004583, https://openalex.org/W3138201323, https://openalex.org/W2780724632, https://openalex.org/W2467040191, https://openalex.org/W1858909056, https://openalex.org/W4200023703, https://openalex.org/W2895943910, https://openalex.org/W2738054820, https://openalex.org/W4302078606, https://openalex.org/W2347151186, https://openalex.org/W3193462372, https://openalex.org/W1485493499, https://openalex.org/W2019749559, https://openalex.org/W4229003959, https://openalex.org/W2012445740, https://openalex.org/W2981654679, https://openalex.org/W2984880198, https://openalex.org/W2117513613, https://openalex.org/W2059541476, https://openalex.org/W1997889671, https://openalex.org/W2006828663, https://openalex.org/W1567031232, https://openalex.org/W2036368820, https://openalex.org/W1968456575, https://openalex.org/W2036280515, https://openalex.org/W2175141735, https://openalex.org/W3208950356, https://openalex.org/W1980752787, https://openalex.org/W2000523269, https://openalex.org/W4205863661, https://openalex.org/W2134793666, https://openalex.org/W1998356602, https://openalex.org/W1977398361, https://openalex.org/W2078231330, https://openalex.org/W1983819959, https://openalex.org/W3217677571, https://openalex.org/W2986437201, https://openalex.org/W2018434920, https://openalex.org/W2070513030, https://openalex.org/W2168238673, https://openalex.org/W2114890124, https://openalex.org/W2103957678, https://openalex.org/W3024258888, https://openalex.org/W4316589745, https://openalex.org/W2059309206, https://openalex.org/W3127776762, https://openalex.org/W2031080294, https://openalex.org/W1968973533, https://openalex.org/W2082110339, https://openalex.org/W2073595942, https://openalex.org/W2138133475, https://openalex.org/W2395109604, https://openalex.org/W2621545865, https://openalex.org/W2792509135, https://openalex.org/W2104664979, https://openalex.org/W2015193321, https://openalex.org/W2963625065, https://openalex.org/W3098991797, https://openalex.org/W2323915496, https://openalex.org/W2075771080, https://openalex.org/W1971905227, https://openalex.org/W2977357418, https://openalex.org/W3000398675, https://openalex.org/W3002802198, https://openalex.org/W2007046677, https://openalex.org/W2080872867, https://openalex.org/W3186602969, https://openalex.org/W2340882391, https://openalex.org/W2091902598, https://openalex.org/W1824034559, https://openalex.org/W1589485884, https://openalex.org/W3164808376, https://openalex.org/W2022881544, https://openalex.org/W1980618999, https://openalex.org/W2988276281, https://openalex.org/W2009547844, https://openalex.org/W2103041363, https://openalex.org/W2792923791, https://openalex.org/W2314331384, https://openalex.org/W2031419323, https://openalex.org/W2141622577, https://openalex.org/W2061705663, https://openalex.org/W2019743475, https://openalex.org/W1499158909, https://openalex.org/W2942551419, https://openalex.org/W2016203464, https://openalex.org/W2300669963, https://openalex.org/W2560078119, https://openalex.org/W2742712234, https://openalex.org/W1987223323, https://openalex.org/W2015739996, https://openalex.org/W1985991393, https://openalex.org/W2135863371, https://openalex.org/W2028884948, https://openalex.org/W3047011101, https://openalex.org/W3015378478, https://openalex.org/W2013007781, https://openalex.org/W3008774084, https://openalex.org/W2547544235, https://openalex.org/W2604543141, https://openalex.org/W2018609219, https://openalex.org/W1938648310, https://openalex.org/W4207071186, https://openalex.org/W4301373237, https://openalex.org/W4293742188 |
| referenced_works_count | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 32, 152, 232, 267, 294, 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1, | 62, 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.69 | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RT | 301, 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 367, 380 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 25, 47, 124, 210, 353 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 6, 56, 154, 185, 349 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 64, 191, 224, 259, 283, 315, 360 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AL, | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CC, | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CR, | 238, 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ChT | 332 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LT, | 330 |
| abstract_inverted_index.May | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RT, | 241, 336, 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 122, 183, 347 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Web | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 14, 22, 37, 58, 117, 178, 200, 203, 214, 252, 279, 289, 308, 312, 339, 355 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 4, 357 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 235, 270, 297, 327, 375 |
| abstract_inverted_index.had | 231, 266, 293, 323, 343 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 171, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 7, 144, 192, 197, 217, 225, 228, 260, 263, 284, 287, 298, 316, 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ACD, | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CCT, | 239, 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ChT, | 243, 245, 247, 251, 272, 274, 276, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 180, 204, 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lens | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low, | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 379 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 72, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 16, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(AL), | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CC), | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(LT), | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RT), | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(VD). | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1,201 | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1,468 | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2,040 | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2012, | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2023. | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AL/CR | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Stata | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 12, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.axial | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blood | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depth | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.early | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eyes, | 159, 163, 166, 169, 173, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eyes. | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fiber | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fixed | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 194, 199, 219, 230, 265, 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layer | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nasal | 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nerve | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.onset | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pRNFL | 253, 309, 340 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that, | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 216, 237, 329 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ACD), | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(AL/CR | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CCT), | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ChT), | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.13,983 | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.48,795 | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.60,691 | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ocular | 363 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Recent | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.errors | 3, 36, 378 |
| abstract_inverted_index.foveal | 244, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group, | 227, 262, 286, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups | 206, 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.length | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.level. | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.myopia | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.myopic | 165, 172, 176, 181, 198, 205, 229, 291, 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nasal) | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ocular | 10, 38, 69, 350 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pRNFL. | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radius | 98, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio, | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.search | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.states | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.taking | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RNFL), | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(except | 249, 254, 302, 306, 310, 333, 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.128,178 | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Corneal | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EMBASE, | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.January | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Medline | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PubMed, | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Various | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.account | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.central | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chamber | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 348 |
| abstract_inverted_index.closely | 358 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 193, 226, 261, 285, 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.corneal | 83, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.density | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.errors. | 362 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group), | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.markers | 374 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models, | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.myopia. | 381 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nasal), | 303, 307, 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 371 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio), | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.related | 359 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.retinal | 108, 111, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showing | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.states, | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 29, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cochrane | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Compared | 223, 258, 282, 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Library, | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Science, | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anterior | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessed | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.children | 13, 354 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.devices, | 366 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 234, 269, 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moderate | 175, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.software | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.superior | 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biometric | 39, 70, 351, 364 |
| abstract_inverted_index.choroidal | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.curvature | 94, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.databases | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreases | 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 75, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 368 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibited | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hyperopic | 168, 218, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 50, 78, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increases | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involving | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moderate, | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.objective | 372 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subfoveal | 242, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temporal) | 255, 342 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thickness | 84, 91, 106, 109, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CR),axial | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusion | 346 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Refractive | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biological | 373 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreased. | 257, 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreases. | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electronic | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emmetropic | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasing | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 376 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parafoveal | 246, 275, 300, 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 71, 126, 352, 365 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perifoveal | 240, 248, 277, 304, 331, 337 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevalence | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.refractive | 35, 76, 129, 361, 377 |
| abstract_inverted_index.summarized | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systematic | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temporal). | 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(emmetropic | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adolescents | 356 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlation | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters. | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population. | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 208, 221, 344 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques, | 370 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adolescents, | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-invasive | 369 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heterogeneity | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meta-analysis | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 233, 256, 268, 295, 325 |
| abstract_inverted_index.random-effects | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.length-to-corneal | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.9653357 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |