Critical Temperature-Humidity Index Thresholds Based on Surface Temperature for Lactating Dairy Cows in a Temperate Climate Article Swipe
Geqi Yan
,
Zhengxiang Shi
,
Hao Li
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100970
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100970
Detecting the early signs of heat stress is highly important in dairy farming. The surface temperature (ST) of cattle can reflect their thermal status and using such a measuring method can be efficient and non-invasive. However, few studies have reported the temperature-humidity index (THI) thresholds for ST. This study aimed to identify the critical THI thresholds for the ST of dairy cows and to evaluate the effects of the lactation stage and the lactation number. The study included 233 Holstein lactating cows from July 2020 to October 2020 in a temperate climate in China. There were 1556 records of the rectal temperature, and the maximum ST (STmax) and average ST (STave) of the head, eye, cheek, ear, neck, trunk, udder, foreleg, and hindleg were recorded. Air temperature and relative humidity were recorded to calculate the average THI. Physiological data were collected twice daily (08:00–12:00, 14:00–16:00). The critical THI thresholds were determined using the breakpoints of piecewise linear models. The significance of breakpoints was tested using the Davies test. A one-way ANOVA was used to test the effect of the lactation stage (0–60 DIM, 61–200 DIM, 201–300 DIM, DIM is days in milk) and the lactation number (1, 2, 3+) on the THI thresholds. The results showed that the rectal temperature was significantly positively correlated with all the ST variables (0.57 ≤ r ≤ 0.71, p < 0.01). The critical THI thresholds for STmax (mean of 76.1 THI, range of 73.6 to 77.9 THI) were significantly higher than those for STave (mean of 72.6 THI, range of 69.1 to 77.2 THI) (p < 0.01). The lactation stage only significantly affected the thresholds for STmax (p < 0.05), and the lactation number did not significantly influence the thresholds for both STmax and STave (p > 0.05). This study concluded that the STave was more appropriate to define thresholds than the STmax. The threshold for the STave of the cheek (69.1 THI) was the lowest among the thresholds, indicating that the STave of the cheek could be a prior ST variable to determine critical THI thresholds. Our findings demonstrated the potential of using ST variables to define critical THI thresholds.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100970
- https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/10/970/pdf?version=1634722223
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 15
- References
- 39
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3203371688
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3203371688Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100970Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Critical Temperature-Humidity Index Thresholds Based on Surface Temperature for Lactating Dairy Cows in a Temperate ClimateWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-10-06Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Geqi Yan, Zhengxiang Shi, Hao LiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100970Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/10/970/pdf?version=1634722223Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/10/970/pdf?version=1634722223Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Heat index, Animal science, Lactation, Relative humidity, Rectal temperature, Udder, Heat stress, Dairy cattle, Biology, Veterinary medicine, Medicine, Meteorology, Pregnancy, Geography, Mastitis, Genetics, MicrobiologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
15Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 5, 2024: 5, 2023: 3, 2022: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
39Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3203371688 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100970 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100970 |
| ids.mag | 3203371688 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3203371688 |
| fwci | 1.61347949 |
| type | article |
| title | Critical Temperature-Humidity Index Thresholds Based on Surface Temperature for Lactating Dairy Cows in a Temperate Climate |
| biblio.issue | 10 |
| biblio.volume | 11 |
| biblio.last_page | 970 |
| biblio.first_page | 970 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T12365 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1103 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Animal Science and Zoology |
| topics[0].display_name | Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11109 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9855999946594238 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2737 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Physiology |
| topics[1].display_name | Thermoregulation and physiological responses |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11244 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9710000157356262 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2307 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis |
| topics[2].display_name | Climate Change and Health Impacts |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1800 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1949 |
| apc_paid.value | 1800 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1949 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C69332959 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7907981872558594 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2141844 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Heat index |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C140793950 |
| concepts[1].level | 1 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7034817934036255 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Animal science |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2776659692 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6287150979042053 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719426 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Lactation |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C158960510 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5759523510932922 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Relative humidity |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C3019193636 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5463616251945496 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158716 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Rectal temperature |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2776921810 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.47925662994384766 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624043 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Udder |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2987418964 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4755142331123352 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242165 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Heat stress |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2776977481 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.45019155740737915 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Dairy cattle |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.42842209339141846 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C42972112 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.3830326199531555 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Veterinary medicine |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.24117770791053772 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C153294291 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.1117885410785675 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Meteorology |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C2779234561 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.09163355827331543 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Pregnancy |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C205649164 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.08798244595527649 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Geography |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C2776344049 |
| concepts[14].level | 2 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0744330883026123 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835061 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Mastitis |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C54355233 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Genetics |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C89423630 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Microbiology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-index |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7907981872558594 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Heat index |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7034817934036255 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Animal science |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/lactation |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6287150979042053 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Lactation |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-humidity |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5759523510932922 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Relative humidity |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/rectal-temperature |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5463616251945496 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Rectal temperature |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/udder |
| keywords[5].score | 0.47925662994384766 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Udder |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-stress |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4755142331123352 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Heat stress |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dairy-cattle |
| keywords[7].score | 0.45019155740737915 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Dairy cattle |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[8].score | 0.42842209339141846 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/veterinary-medicine |
| keywords[9].score | 0.3830326199531555 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Veterinary medicine |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[10].score | 0.24117770791053772 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology |
| keywords[11].score | 0.1117885410785675 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Meteorology |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy |
| keywords[12].score | 0.09163355827331543 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Pregnancy |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geography |
| keywords[13].score | 0.08798244595527649 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Geography |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mastitis |
| keywords[14].score | 0.0744330883026123 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Mastitis |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/agriculture11100970 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210202585 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2077-0472 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2077-0472 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Agriculture |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/10/970/pdf?version=1634722223 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Agriculture |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100970 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c4875ce07ee1419582b8c295dcde28a8 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Agriculture, Vol 11, Iss 10, p 970 (2021) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/c4875ce07ee1419582b8c295dcde28a8 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2077-0472/11/10/970/ |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Agriculture; Volume 11; Issue 10; Pages: 970 |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100970 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065624420 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-8576 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Geqi Yan |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210151987 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04v3ywz14 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | China Agricultural University |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210151987 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05ckt8b96 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | government |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210127390, https://openalex.org/I4210151987 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Geqi Yan |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5028607263 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3074-3035 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Zhengxiang Shi |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210151987 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China |
| authorships[1].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04v3ywz14 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | China Agricultural University |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210151987 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05ckt8b96 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | government |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210127390, https://openalex.org/I4210151987 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Zhengxiang Shi |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China, College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100348691 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3430-2261 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Hao Li |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China |
| authorships[2].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210151987 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04v3ywz14 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | China Agricultural University |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210151987 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05ckt8b96 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | government |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210127390, https://openalex.org/I4210151987 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Hao Li |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China, College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/10/970/pdf?version=1634722223 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2021-10-11T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Critical Temperature-Humidity Index Thresholds Based on Surface Temperature for Lactating Dairy Cows in a Temperate Climate |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T12365 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1103 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Animal Science and Zoology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2060605284, https://openalex.org/W118968214, https://openalex.org/W169452500, https://openalex.org/W3089038128, https://openalex.org/W1970344927, https://openalex.org/W4220823191, https://openalex.org/W39106087, https://openalex.org/W3213247027, https://openalex.org/W2362124465, https://openalex.org/W90168700 |
| cited_by_count | 15 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/agriculture11100970 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210202585 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2077-0472 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2077-0472 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Agriculture |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/10/970/pdf?version=1634722223 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Agriculture |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100970 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/agriculture11100970 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210202585 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2077-0472 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2077-0472 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Agriculture |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/10/970/pdf?version=1634722223 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Agriculture |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100970 |
| publication_date | 2021-10-06 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2136182844, https://openalex.org/W2986929533, https://openalex.org/W2754001138, https://openalex.org/W2901259953, https://openalex.org/W1979066820, https://openalex.org/W2884925520, https://openalex.org/W2883900135, https://openalex.org/W2996258124, https://openalex.org/W3037858752, https://openalex.org/W3182895817, https://openalex.org/W3001574971, https://openalex.org/W2898210550, https://openalex.org/W2536078945, https://openalex.org/W2915032994, https://openalex.org/W3169343986, https://openalex.org/W3033955933, https://openalex.org/W2737877255, https://openalex.org/W2164803343, https://openalex.org/W1996179919, https://openalex.org/W2053009031, https://openalex.org/W2283813263, https://openalex.org/W6649734758, https://openalex.org/W3009480524, https://openalex.org/W2996656481, https://openalex.org/W1653305903, https://openalex.org/W3095091188, https://openalex.org/W2964185472, https://openalex.org/W3081128116, https://openalex.org/W2888246420, https://openalex.org/W6743313740, https://openalex.org/W1996111351, https://openalex.org/W2157461140, https://openalex.org/W3173173113, https://openalex.org/W3025171127, https://openalex.org/W1995991158, https://openalex.org/W1989787030, https://openalex.org/W3103734798, https://openalex.org/W1964396452, https://openalex.org/W2748268306 |
| referenced_works_count | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 27, 89, 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.p | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.r | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(p | 260, 273, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2, | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ST | 58, 105, 109, 217, 336, 350 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 31, 333 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 10, 88, 92, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 7, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 4, 17, 59, 67, 98, 111, 154, 160, 177, 234, 238, 251, 255, 314, 329, 348 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 50, 63, 85, 132, 173, 240, 257, 303, 338, 352 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(1, | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.233 | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3+) | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Air | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DIM | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 343 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ST. | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.THI | 54, 147, 201, 229, 341, 355 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 13, 75, 145, 158, 203, 227, 263, 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 24, 33, 62, 71, 102, 107, 121, 127, 192, 276, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 19, 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.did | 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.few | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 45, 56, 231, 248, 271, 286, 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 1, 40, 52, 57, 65, 68, 72, 99, 103, 112, 134, 152, 165, 175, 178, 193, 200, 207, 216, 269, 277, 284, 298, 307, 312, 315, 320, 323, 327, 330, 346 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 162, 171, 210, 300, 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.≤ | 220, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.> | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.< | 225, 261, 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ST) | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1556 | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2020 | 84, 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.69.1 | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.72.6 | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.73.6 | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.76.1 | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.77.2 | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.77.9 | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DIM, | 182, 184, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.July | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.THI) | 242, 259, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.THI, | 236, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.THI. | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 47, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cows | 61, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.days | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ear, | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eye, | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heat | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 246, 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 206, 297, 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 95, 123, 130, 139, 149, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(0.57 | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(69.1 | 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(THI) | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(mean | 233, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.71, | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ANOVA | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.STave | 249, 290, 299, 313, 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.STmax | 232, 272, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.There | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aimed | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cheek | 316, 331 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 332 |
| abstract_inverted_index.daily | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dairy | 11, 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.early | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.head, | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.index | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.milk) | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neck, | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prior | 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.range | 237, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signs | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stage | 70, 180, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 48, 76, 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test. | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.those | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.twice | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 25, 151, 164, 349 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.01). | 226, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.05), | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.05). | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.China. | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Davies | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.STmax. | 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cattle | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cheek, | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.define | 304, 353 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highly | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.linear | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lowest | 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 195, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rectal | 100, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.status | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stress | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tested | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trunk, | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.udder, | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(0–60 | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(STave) | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(STmax) | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.October | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 108, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.climate | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hindleg | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximum | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models. | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number. | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one-way | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.records | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflect | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thermal | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.61–200 | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Holstein | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affected | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 53, 146, 228, 340, 354 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.farming. | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 344 |
| abstract_inverted_index.foreleg, | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.humidity | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recorded | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relative | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variable | 337 |
| abstract_inverted_index.201–300 | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Detecting | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.calculate | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collected | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concluded | 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determine | 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influence | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lactating | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lactation | 69, 73, 179, 194, 264, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measuring | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.piecewise | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 347 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recorded. | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperate | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.threshold | 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variables | 218, 351 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlated | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determined | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicating | 325 |
| abstract_inverted_index.positively | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thresholds | 44, 55, 148, 230, 270, 285, 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appropriate | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.breakpoints | 153, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature | 15, 126, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thresholds, | 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thresholds. | 202, 342, 356 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significance | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature, | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Physiological | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-invasive. | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 211, 244, 267, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(08:00–12:00, | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.14:00–16:00). | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature-humidity | 41 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5100348691 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210151987, https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7699999809265137 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Climate action |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.80327771 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |