CT, US and MRI of Xanthine Urinary Stones: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Analyses Article Swipe
Stephanie Shamir
,
Qi Peng
,
Alan H. Schoenfeld
,
Beth A. Drzewiecki
,
Mark C. Liszewski
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-29107/v7
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-29107/v7
Background: Xanthine urinary stones are a rare entity that may occur in patients with Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome receiving allopurinol. There is little literature describing imaging characteristics of these stones, and the most appropriate approach to imaging these stones is therefore unclear. We performed in-vitro and in-vivo analyses of xanthine stones using computed tomography (CT) at different energy levels, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Five pure xanthine stones from a child with Lesch-Nyhan were imaged in-vitro and in-vivo. CT of the stones was performed at 80kVp, 100kVp, 120kVp and 140kVp and CT numbers of the stones were recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). US of the stones was performed and echogenicity, acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact were assessed. MRI of the stones was performed and included T2-weighted, ultrashort echo-time (UTE)-weighted and T2/T1-weighted 3D bFFE sequences and signal was assessed. Results: In-vitro analysis on CT demonstrated that xanthine stones were radiodense and the average attenuation coefficient did not differ with varying kVp, measuring 331.0+/-51.7HU at 80kVp, 321.4+/-63.4HU at 100kVp, 329.7+/-54.2HU at 120kVp and 328.4+/-61.1HU at 140kVp. In-vivo analysis on CT resulted in an average attenuation of 354+/-35HU. On US, xanthine stones where echogenic with acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact. On MRI, stones lacked signal on all tested sequences. Conclusion: Xanthine stone analyses, both in-vitro and in-vivo, demonstrate imaging characteristics typical of most urinary stones: dense on CT, echogenic on US, and lacking signal on MRI. Therefore, the approach to imaging xanthine stones should be comparable to that of other urinary stones.
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Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-29107/v7
- https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-29107/v7.pdf?c=1601536732000
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 10
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4238568281
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4238568281Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-29107/v7Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
CT, US and MRI of Xanthine Urinary Stones: In-Vitro and In-Vivo AnalysesWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-10-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Stephanie Shamir, Qi Peng, Alan H. Schoenfeld, Beth A. Drzewiecki, Mark C. LiszewskiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-29107/v7Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-29107/v7.pdf?c=1601536732000Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-29107/v7.pdf?c=1601536732000Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
In vivo, Xanthine, Urinary system, In vitro, Chemistry, Internal medicine, Biochemistry, Biology, Medicine, Biotechnology, EnzymeTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
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10Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.varying | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In-vitro | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods: | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results: | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Syndrome | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Xanthine | 2, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acoustic | 112, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyses | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 142, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 33, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.artifact | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computed | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in-vitro | 43, 77, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in-vivo, | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in-vivo. | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.magnetic | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recorded | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulted | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unclear. | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.xanthine | 48, 68, 147, 189, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyses, | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.artifact. | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessed. | 118, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.echo-time | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.echogenic | 192, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measuring | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 42, 85, 109, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.receiving | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resonance | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequences | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shadowing | 113, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therefore | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hounsfield | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Therefore, | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparable | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.describing | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radiodense | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequences. | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tomography | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ultrashort | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ultrasound | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.354+/-35HU. | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background: | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusion: | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Lesch-Nyhan | 15, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appropriate | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attenuation | 154, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coefficient | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.T2-weighted, | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.allopurinol. | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.echogenicity, | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(UTE)-weighted | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.321.4+/-63.4HU | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.328.4+/-61.1HU | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.329.7+/-54.2HU | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.331.0+/-51.7HU | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.T2/T1-weighted | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics | 25, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<title>Abstract</title> | 0 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.34956898 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |