D4a.1 Grid balancing development for hydrogen distribution grids: characteristics and key gaps Article Swipe

View

Blom, Sander , Octaviano, Ryvo , Dooley, Nathaniel ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17832259

As hydrogen is expected to play a pivotal role in the Dutch energy transition, adequate infrastructure is needed to safely and efficiently connect hydrogen supply, storage, and demand. Alongside plans for the national hydrogen infrastructure being developed by Hynetwork, the first regional hydrogen grids are in planning and development to serve regional hydrogen offtakers (e.g. Cluster 6 industry), which will possibly be operated by Dutch distribution system operators (DSOs). Users of these regional hydrogen grids will benefit from low-threshold access to a reliable and well-functioning distribution system. A fundamental component of such a hydrogen grid is a robust balancing regime to ensure that supply and demand are safely balanced, and system integrity is maintained. Nonetheless, a comprehensive balancing strategy for regional hydrogen grids has yet to be developed. The aim of this research is thus to scope a suitable balancing regime for regional hydrogen grids, specify the explicit functionalities that must be present in the balancing system, explore different scenarios of role distribution amongst relevant parties, and identify key knowledge gaps. This research is conducted in close coordination with the DSOs, that are preparing for developing and operating regional hydrogen grids and with natural gas and hydrogen experts at Gasunie, the current natural gas Transmission System Operator (TSO). It is a priority to engage with market parties (i.e., those involved in hydrogen production, offtake, and trading) in the future, to explore the topic in more depth with Gasunie, and finally with policymakers to reach a common vision of the future balancing regime for regional hydrogen grids. This report marks the conclusion of the first phase of research and provides an inventory of the existing knowledge related to balancing of regional hydrogen grids and identifies key knowledge gaps that will be investigated further in the second research phase.

Related Topics

Computer Science

Natural Gas

Lock And Key

Environmental Economics

Environmental Science

Concepts

Grid Computer science Scope (computer science) Hydrogen Natural gas Key (lock) Risk analysis (engineering) Environmental economics Load balancing (electrical power) Environmental science Distributed computing Hydrogen fuel Hydrogen vehicle Operations research Hydrogen economy Service (business) Distribution (mathematics) Node (physics) Operator (biology) Transmission (telecommunications) Component (thermodynamics) Energy carrier Hydrogen technologies Business Scalability Hydrogen production

Metadata

Type: report
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17832259
OA Status: green
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W7108968486

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W7108968486

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17832259

Digital Object Identifier
Title: D4a.1 Grid balancing development for hydrogen distribution grids: characteristics and key gaps

Work title
Type: report

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2025

Year of publication
Publication date: 2025-12-05

Full publication date if available
Authors: Blom, Sander, Octaviano, Ryvo, Dooley, Nathaniel

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17832259

Publisher landing page
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: green

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17832259

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Grid, Computer science, Scope (computer science), Hydrogen, Natural gas, Key (lock), Risk analysis (engineering), Environmental economics, Load balancing (electrical power), Environmental science, Distributed computing, Hydrogen fuel, Hydrogen vehicle, Operations research, Hydrogen economy, Service (business), Distribution (mathematics), Node (physics), Operator (biology), Transmission (telecommunications), Component (thermodynamics), Energy carrier, Hydrogen technologies, Business, Scalability, Hydrogen production

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 0

Total citation count in OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W7108968486
doi	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17832259
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17832259
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W7108968486
fwci
type	report
title	D4a.1 Grid balancing development for hydrogen distribution grids: characteristics and key gaps
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C187691185
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.6500735878944397
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720
concepts[0].display_name	Grid
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[1].level	0
concepts[1].score	0.6483079195022583
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[1].display_name	Computer science
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C2778012447
concepts[2].level	2
concepts[2].score	0.5985500812530518
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415
concepts[2].display_name	Scope (computer science)
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C512968161
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.5605249404907227
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556
concepts[3].display_name	Hydrogen
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C59427239
concepts[4].level	2
concepts[4].score	0.46336454153060913
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858
concepts[4].display_name	Natural gas
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C26517878
concepts[5].level	2
concepts[5].score	0.39460429549217224
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039
concepts[5].display_name	Key (lock)
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C112930515
concepts[6].level	1
concepts[6].score	0.37229326367378235
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547
concepts[6].display_name	Risk analysis (engineering)
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C134560507
concepts[7].level	1
concepts[7].score	0.36354896426200867
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291
concepts[7].display_name	Environmental economics
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C138959212
concepts[8].level	3
concepts[8].score	0.36268261075019836
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783
concepts[8].display_name	Load balancing (electrical power)
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C39432304
concepts[9].level	0
concepts[9].score	0.36012551188468933
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847
concepts[9].display_name	Environmental science
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C120314980
concepts[10].level	1
concepts[10].score	0.34993141889572144
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634
concepts[10].display_name	Distributed computing
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C9682599
concepts[11].level	3
concepts[11].score	0.34277820587158203
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11549077
concepts[11].display_name	Hydrogen fuel
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C19065316
concepts[12].level	4
concepts[12].score	0.3387279212474823
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551748
concepts[12].display_name	Hydrogen vehicle
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C42475967
concepts[13].level	1
concepts[13].score	0.33268964290618896
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292
concepts[13].display_name	Operations research
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C39380314
concepts[14].level	4
concepts[14].score	0.31114476919174194
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478859
concepts[14].display_name	Hydrogen economy
concepts[15].id	https://openalex.org/C2780378061
concepts[15].level	2
concepts[15].score	0.31104928255081177
concepts[15].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891
concepts[15].display_name	Service (business)
concepts[16].id	https://openalex.org/C110121322
concepts[16].level	2
concepts[16].score	0.30993393063545227
concepts[16].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811
concepts[16].display_name	Distribution (mathematics)
concepts[17].id	https://openalex.org/C62611344
concepts[17].level	2
concepts[17].score	0.3039436340332031
concepts[17].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658
concepts[17].display_name	Node (physics)
concepts[18].id	https://openalex.org/C17020691
concepts[18].level	5
concepts[18].score	0.3037070333957672
concepts[18].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677
concepts[18].display_name	Operator (biology)
concepts[19].id	https://openalex.org/C761482
concepts[19].level	2
concepts[19].score	0.3022919297218323
concepts[19].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093
concepts[19].display_name	Transmission (telecommunications)
concepts[20].id	https://openalex.org/C168167062
concepts[20].level	2
concepts[20].score	0.2982288599014282
concepts[20].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970
concepts[20].display_name	Component (thermodynamics)
concepts[21].id	https://openalex.org/C7453809
concepts[21].level	3
concepts[21].score	0.2976146936416626
concepts[21].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568469
concepts[21].display_name	Energy carrier
concepts[22].id	https://openalex.org/C542482507
concepts[22].level	5
concepts[22].score	0.286882609128952
concepts[22].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1854358
concepts[22].display_name	Hydrogen technologies
concepts[23].id	https://openalex.org/C144133560
concepts[23].level	0
concepts[23].score	0.28072553873062134
concepts[23].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453
concepts[23].display_name	Business
concepts[24].id	https://openalex.org/C48044578
concepts[24].level	2
concepts[24].score	0.26206111907958984
concepts[24].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490
concepts[24].display_name	Scalability
concepts[25].id	https://openalex.org/C202189072
concepts[25].level	3
concepts[25].score	0.257220596075058
concepts[25].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929999
concepts[25].display_name	Hydrogen production
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/grid
keywords[0].score	0.6500735878944397
keywords[0].display_name	Grid
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/scope
keywords[1].score	0.5985500812530518
keywords[1].display_name	Scope (computer science)
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen
keywords[2].score	0.5605249404907227
keywords[2].display_name	Hydrogen
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-gas
keywords[3].score	0.46336454153060913
keywords[3].display_name	Natural gas
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/key
keywords[4].score	0.39460429549217224
keywords[4].display_name	Key (lock)
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing
keywords[5].score	0.36268261075019836
keywords[5].display_name	Load balancing (electrical power)
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-fuel
keywords[6].score	0.34277820587158203
keywords[6].display_name	Hydrogen fuel
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-vehicle
keywords[7].score	0.3387279212474823
keywords[7].display_name	Hydrogen vehicle
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.5281/zenodo.17832259
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400562
locations[0].source.issn
locations[0].source.type	repository
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l
locations[0].source.is_core	False
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I67311998
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	European Organization for Nuclear Research
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I67311998
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url
locations[0].version
locations[0].raw_type	report
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	False
locations[0].is_published
locations[0].raw_source_name
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17832259
indexed_in	datacite
authorships[0].author.id
authorships[0].author.orcid
authorships[0].author.display_name	Blom, Sander
authorships[0].countries	NL
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I148297040
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I148297040
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/01bnjb948
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	funder
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I148297040
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	NL
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Blom, Sander
authorships[0].is_corresponding	True
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A4316136763
authorships[1].author.orcid
authorships[1].author.display_name	Octaviano, Ryvo
authorships[1].countries	NL
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I148297040
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I148297040
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/01bnjb948
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	funder
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I148297040
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	NL
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Octaviano, Ryvo
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
authorships[2].author.id
authorships[2].author.orcid
authorships[2].author.display_name	Dooley, Nathaniel
authorships[2].countries	NL
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210137820
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	New Energy Coalition
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210137820
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03rtrf513
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	other
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210137820
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	NL
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	New Energy Coalition
authorships[2].author_position	last
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Dooley, Nathaniel
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	New Energy Coalition
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17832259
open_access.oa_status	green
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-12-06T00:00:00
display_name	D4a.1 Grid balancing development for hydrogen distribution grids: characteristics and key gaps
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-12-06T23:14:57.273132
primary_topic
cited_by_count	0
locations_count	1
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.5281/zenodo.17832259
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400562
best_oa_location.source.issn
best_oa_location.source.type	repository
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l
best_oa_location.source.is_core	False
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I67311998
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	European Organization for Nuclear Research
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I67311998
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url
best_oa_location.version
best_oa_location.raw_type	report
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	False
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17832259
primary_location.id	doi:10.5281/zenodo.17832259
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400562
primary_location.source.issn
primary_location.source.type	repository
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l
primary_location.source.is_core	False
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I67311998
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	European Organization for Nuclear Research
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I67311998
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url
primary_location.version
primary_location.raw_type	report
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	False
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17832259
publication_date	2025-12-05
publication_year	2025
referenced_works_count	0
abstract_inverted_index.6	56
abstract_inverted_index.A	87
abstract_inverted_index.a	6, 81, 92, 96, 115, 137, 210, 244
abstract_inverted_index.As	0
abstract_inverted_index.It	208
abstract_inverted_index.an	269
abstract_inverted_index.at	198
abstract_inverted_index.be	61, 126, 151, 289
abstract_inverted_index.by	37, 63
abstract_inverted_index.in	9, 45, 153, 175, 220, 226, 233, 292
abstract_inverted_index.is	2, 16, 95, 112, 133, 173, 209
abstract_inverted_index.of	70, 90, 130, 160, 247, 261, 265, 271, 278
abstract_inverted_index.to	4, 18, 49, 80, 100, 125, 135, 212, 229, 242, 276
abstract_inverted_index.The	128
abstract_inverted_index.aim	129
abstract_inverted_index.and	20, 26, 47, 83, 104, 109, 166, 186, 191, 195, 224, 238, 267, 282
abstract_inverted_index.are	44, 106, 182
abstract_inverted_index.for	30, 119, 141, 184, 252
abstract_inverted_index.gas	194, 203
abstract_inverted_index.has	123
abstract_inverted_index.key	168, 284
abstract_inverted_index.the	10, 31, 39, 146, 154, 179, 200, 227, 231, 248, 259, 262, 272, 293
abstract_inverted_index.yet	124
abstract_inverted_index.This	171, 256
abstract_inverted_index.from	77
abstract_inverted_index.gaps	286
abstract_inverted_index.grid	94
abstract_inverted_index.more	234
abstract_inverted_index.must	150
abstract_inverted_index.play	5
abstract_inverted_index.role	8, 161
abstract_inverted_index.such	91
abstract_inverted_index.that	102, 149, 181, 287
abstract_inverted_index.this	131
abstract_inverted_index.thus	134
abstract_inverted_index.will	59, 75, 288
abstract_inverted_index.with	178, 192, 214, 236, 240
abstract_inverted_index.(e.g.	54
abstract_inverted_index.DSOs,	180
abstract_inverted_index.Dutch	11, 64
abstract_inverted_index.Users	69
abstract_inverted_index.being	35
abstract_inverted_index.close	176
abstract_inverted_index.depth	235
abstract_inverted_index.first	40, 263
abstract_inverted_index.gaps.	170
abstract_inverted_index.grids	43, 74, 122, 190, 281
abstract_inverted_index.marks	258
abstract_inverted_index.phase	264
abstract_inverted_index.plans	29
abstract_inverted_index.reach	243
abstract_inverted_index.scope	136
abstract_inverted_index.serve	50
abstract_inverted_index.these	71
abstract_inverted_index.those	218
abstract_inverted_index.topic	232
abstract_inverted_index.which	58
abstract_inverted_index.(TSO).	207
abstract_inverted_index.(i.e.,	217
abstract_inverted_index.System	205
abstract_inverted_index.access	79
abstract_inverted_index.common	245
abstract_inverted_index.demand	105
abstract_inverted_index.energy	12
abstract_inverted_index.engage	213
abstract_inverted_index.ensure	101
abstract_inverted_index.future	249
abstract_inverted_index.grids,	144
abstract_inverted_index.grids.	255
abstract_inverted_index.market	215
abstract_inverted_index.needed	17
abstract_inverted_index.phase.	296
abstract_inverted_index.regime	99, 140, 251
abstract_inverted_index.report	257
abstract_inverted_index.robust	97
abstract_inverted_index.safely	19, 107
abstract_inverted_index.second	294
abstract_inverted_index.supply	103
abstract_inverted_index.system	66, 110
abstract_inverted_index.vision	246
abstract_inverted_index.(DSOs).	68
abstract_inverted_index.Cluster	55
abstract_inverted_index.amongst	163
abstract_inverted_index.benefit	76
abstract_inverted_index.connect	22
abstract_inverted_index.current	201
abstract_inverted_index.demand.	27
abstract_inverted_index.experts	197
abstract_inverted_index.explore	157, 230
abstract_inverted_index.finally	239
abstract_inverted_index.further	291
abstract_inverted_index.future,	228
abstract_inverted_index.natural	193, 202
abstract_inverted_index.parties	216
abstract_inverted_index.pivotal	7
abstract_inverted_index.present	152
abstract_inverted_index.related	275
abstract_inverted_index.specify	145
abstract_inverted_index.supply,	24
abstract_inverted_index.system,	156
abstract_inverted_index.system.	86
abstract_inverted_index.Gasunie,	199, 237
abstract_inverted_index.Operator	206
abstract_inverted_index.adequate	14
abstract_inverted_index.existing	273
abstract_inverted_index.expected	3
abstract_inverted_index.explicit	147
abstract_inverted_index.hydrogen	1, 23, 33, 42, 52, 73, 93, 121, 143, 189, 196, 221, 254, 280
abstract_inverted_index.identify	167
abstract_inverted_index.involved	219
abstract_inverted_index.national	32
abstract_inverted_index.offtake,	223
abstract_inverted_index.operated	62
abstract_inverted_index.parties,	165
abstract_inverted_index.planning	46
abstract_inverted_index.possibly	60
abstract_inverted_index.priority	211
abstract_inverted_index.provides	268
abstract_inverted_index.regional	41, 51, 72, 120, 142, 188, 253, 279
abstract_inverted_index.relevant	164
abstract_inverted_index.reliable	82
abstract_inverted_index.research	132, 172, 266, 295
abstract_inverted_index.storage,	25
abstract_inverted_index.strategy	118
abstract_inverted_index.suitable	138
abstract_inverted_index.trading)	225
abstract_inverted_index.Alongside	28
abstract_inverted_index.balanced,	108
abstract_inverted_index.balancing	98, 117, 139, 155, 250, 277
abstract_inverted_index.component	89
abstract_inverted_index.conducted	174
abstract_inverted_index.developed	36
abstract_inverted_index.different	158
abstract_inverted_index.integrity	111
abstract_inverted_index.inventory	270
abstract_inverted_index.knowledge	169, 274, 285
abstract_inverted_index.offtakers	53
abstract_inverted_index.operating	187
abstract_inverted_index.operators	67
abstract_inverted_index.preparing	183
abstract_inverted_index.scenarios	159
abstract_inverted_index.Hynetwork,	38
abstract_inverted_index.conclusion	260
abstract_inverted_index.developed.	127
abstract_inverted_index.developing	185
abstract_inverted_index.identifies	283
abstract_inverted_index.industry),	57
abstract_inverted_index.development	48
abstract_inverted_index.efficiently	21
abstract_inverted_index.fundamental	88
abstract_inverted_index.maintained.	113
abstract_inverted_index.production,	222
abstract_inverted_index.transition,	13
abstract_inverted_index.Nonetheless,	114
abstract_inverted_index.Transmission	204
abstract_inverted_index.coordination	177
abstract_inverted_index.distribution	65, 85, 162
abstract_inverted_index.investigated	290
abstract_inverted_index.policymakers	241
abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive	116
abstract_inverted_index.low-threshold	78
abstract_inverted_index.infrastructure	15, 34
abstract_inverted_index.functionalities	148
abstract_inverted_index.well-functioning	84
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	3
citation_normalized_percentile