Data-Driven Early Quality Prediction in High Pressure Die Casting Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8
High pressure die casting (HPDC) is a complex manufacturing process often followed by several additional processing steps. Detecting faulty cast parts immediately after extraction from the die allows for the elimination of subsequent, resource-intensive processing steps for parts that will ultimately be rejected. Currently, casting error detection is typically based on tolerance thresholds for manufacturing process parameters. If a single parameter falls outside the specified range, the cast part may be scrapped before proceeding to subsequent production steps. This tolerance check is often integrated directly into the HPDC machine monitoring systems. In order to improve this method, we present a data-driven approach for the early identification of casting errors based solely on HPDC machine data available immediately after the casting. Our model is trained on process data from an industrial foundry, obtained during regular production. We show that our method surpasses the classical tolerance-based rejection method based on additional tests, which were performed independent of the training data and with manual quality inspection of each casting part to compare the actual quality with the predictions. The economic impact of the suggested improvements over the state of the art is briefly discussed as well.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8
- https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8.pdf
- OA Status
- hybrid
- References
- 20
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4412534801
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4412534801Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Data-Driven Early Quality Prediction in High Pressure Die CastingWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-07-21Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Torben Disselhoff, Robert J. MartinList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Materials science, Die casting, Die (integrated circuit), Structural material, Quality (philosophy), Metallurgy, Casting, Nanotechnology, Physics, Quantum mechanicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
20Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4412534801 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4412534801 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Data-Driven Early Quality Prediction in High Pressure Die Casting |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11159 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9973999857902527 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2209 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Manufacturing Process and Optimization |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11201 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9952999949455261 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2211 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Mechanics of Materials |
| topics[1].display_name | Metallurgy and Material Forming |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10188 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.994700014591217 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2210 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Mechanical Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Advanced machining processes and optimization |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320325052 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/04mz5ra38 |
| funders[0].display_name | Universität Duisburg-Essen |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2890 |
| apc_list.currency | EUR |
| apc_list.value_usd | 3690 |
| apc_paid.value | 2890 |
| apc_paid.currency | EUR |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 3690 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7405470609664917 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2776624666 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6472423076629639 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3325511 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Die casting |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C111106434 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5732202529907227 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072430 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Die (integrated circuit) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C200070095 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5578666925430298 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1297687 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Structural material |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2779530757 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5529765486717224 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Quality (philosophy) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C191897082 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.47896888852119446 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Metallurgy |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C16635281 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.367521196603775 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496098 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Casting |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C171250308 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.16276055574417114 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.0653240978717804 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7405470609664917 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/die-casting |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6472423076629639 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Die casting |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/die |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5732202529907227 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Die (integrated circuit) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-material |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5578666925430298 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Structural material |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quality |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5529765486717224 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Quality (philosophy) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy |
| keywords[5].score | 0.47896888852119446 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Metallurgy |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/casting |
| keywords[6].score | 0.367521196603775 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Casting |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology |
| keywords[7].score | 0.16276055574417114 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.0653240978717804 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Physics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S120211018 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1939-5981, 2163-3193 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1939-5981 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | International Journal of Metalcasting |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319900 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Springer Science+Business Media |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319900, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | International Journal of Metalcasting |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5070732017 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Torben Disselhoff |
| authorships[0].countries | DE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I62318514 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 12, 47119, Duisburg, Germany |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I62318514 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04mz5ra38 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I62318514 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Duisburg-Essen |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Torben Disselhoff |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 12, 47119, Duisburg, Germany |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5059390379 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-1641 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Robert J. Martin |
| authorships[1].countries | DE |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I62318514 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 12, 47119, Duisburg, Germany |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I62318514 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04mz5ra38 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I62318514 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Duisburg-Essen |
| authorships[1].author_position | last |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Robert J. Martin |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 12, 47119, Duisburg, Germany |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Data-Driven Early Quality Prediction in High Pressure Die Casting |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11159 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9973999857902527 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2209 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Manufacturing Process and Optimization |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2379665820, https://openalex.org/W4409199504, https://openalex.org/W2071655285, https://openalex.org/W2041633646, https://openalex.org/W2024062656, https://openalex.org/W4400742327, https://openalex.org/W2351693182, https://openalex.org/W775357020, https://openalex.org/W3149311625, https://openalex.org/W2204902895 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S120211018 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1939-5981, 2163-3193 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1939-5981 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | International Journal of Metalcasting |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319900 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Springer Science+Business Media |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319900, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | International Journal of Metalcasting |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S120211018 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1939-5981, 2163-3193 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1939-5981 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | International Journal of Metalcasting |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319900 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Springer Science+Business Media |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319900, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | International Journal of Metalcasting |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-025-01702-8 |
| publication_date | 2025-07-21 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4384405336, https://openalex.org/W3174208377, https://openalex.org/W4297957988, https://openalex.org/W6869608176, https://openalex.org/W2113242816, https://openalex.org/W3157394476, https://openalex.org/W4396625567, https://openalex.org/W4200048020, https://openalex.org/W4392764415, https://openalex.org/W4378191771, https://openalex.org/W4220666106, https://openalex.org/W4407253135, https://openalex.org/W1981470475, https://openalex.org/W4285167179, https://openalex.org/W4387539379, https://openalex.org/W4310150460, https://openalex.org/W6675354045, https://openalex.org/W1839225196, https://openalex.org/W1976193075, https://openalex.org/W4220753781 |
| referenced_works_count | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 7, 59, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.If | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 42, 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 6, 48, 82, 123, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 32, 107, 155, 164, 179, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 51, 112, 125, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 75, 94, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.art | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.die | 3, 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 29, 37, 54, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 26, 30, 64, 67, 87, 104, 119, 142, 156, 170, 174, 180, 184, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HPDC | 88, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.High | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cast | 20, 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 115, 127, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 25, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.part | 69, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 39, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 160, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 23, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 50, 110, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.check | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.early | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.falls | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 11, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.order | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parts | 21, 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steps | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well. | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(HPDC) | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.actual | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.allows | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.before | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.errors | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.faulty | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manual | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 140, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.range, | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solely | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steps. | 17, 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tests, | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.briefly | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.casting | 4, 45, 108, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compare | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complex | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.machine | 89, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method, | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outside | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 10, 56, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality | 162, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regular | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trained | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.casting. | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directly | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economic | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.followed | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.foundry, | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pressure | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scrapped | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems. | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.training | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Detecting | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.classical | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detection | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussed | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameter | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rejected. | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rejection | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specified | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggested | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surpasses | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tolerance | 52, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.typically | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Currently, | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 15, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extraction | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industrial | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inspection | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrated | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proceeding | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing | 16, 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subsequent | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thresholds | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ultimately | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data-driven | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elimination | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immediately | 22, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.independent | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters. | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production. | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subsequent, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improvements | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predictions. | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manufacturing | 9, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identification | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tolerance-based | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resource-intensive | 34 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 2 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.397063 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |