Decoding the inconsistency of six cropland maps in China Article Swipe
Yifeng Cui
,
Ronggao Liu
,
Zhichao Li
,
Chao Zhang
,
Xiao‐Peng Song
,
Jilin Yang
,
Le Yu
,
Mengxi Chen
,
Jinwei Dong
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011
Accurate cropland information is critical for agricultural planning and production, especially in food-stressed countries like China. Although widely used medium-to-high-resolution satellite-based cropland maps have been developed from various remotely sensed data sources over the past few decades, considerable discrepancies exist among these products both in total area and in spatial distribution of croplands, impeding further applications of these datasets. The factors influencing their inconsistency are also unknown. In this study, we evaluated the consistency and accuracy of six cropland maps widely used in China in circa 2020, including three state-of-the-art 10-m products (i.e., Google Dynamic World, ESRI Land Cover, and ESA WorldCover) and three 30-m ones (i.e., GLC_FCS30, GlobeLand 30, and CLCD). We also investigated the effects of landscape fragmentation, climate, and agricultural management. Validation using a ground-truth sample revealed that the 10-m-resolution WorldCover provided the highest accuracy (92.3%). These maps collectively overestimated Chinese cropland area by up to 56%. Up to 37% of the land showed spatial inconsistency among the maps, concentrated mainly in mountainous regions and attributed to the varying accuracy of cropland maps, cropland fragmentation and management practices such as irrigation. Our work shed light on the promotion of future cropland mapping efforts, especially in highly inconsistent regions.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 20
- References
- 64
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4390764855
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4390764855Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Decoding the inconsistency of six cropland maps in ChinaWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-01-09Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Yifeng Cui, Ronggao Liu, Zhichao Li, Chao Zhang, Xiao‐Peng Song, Jilin Yang, Le Yu, Mengxi Chen, Jinwei DongList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
China, Ground truth, Fragmentation (computing), Geography, Agriculture, Land cover, Physical geography, Land use, Environmental science, Remote sensing, Cartography, Environmental resource management, Computer science, Machine learning, Engineering, Civil engineering, Operating system, ArchaeologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
20Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 15, 2024: 5Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
64Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4390764855 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4390764855 |
| fwci | 17.59131392 |
| type | article |
| title | Decoding the inconsistency of six cropland maps in China |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 12 |
| biblio.last_page | 294 |
| biblio.first_page | 281 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10111 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9991999864578247 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2303 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Ecology |
| topics[0].display_name | Remote Sensing in Agriculture |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10226 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9973000288009644 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| topics[1].display_name | Land Use and Ecosystem Services |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11164 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9930999875068665 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2305 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Environmental Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C191935318 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.5884683728218079 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148 |
| concepts[0].display_name | China |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C146849305 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.560154914855957 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Ground truth |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C191015642 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5324832797050476 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Fragmentation (computing) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C205649164 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.492875337600708 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Geography |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C118518473 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4825686514377594 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Agriculture |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2780648208 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.48169976472854614 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Land cover |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C100970517 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4806215167045593 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Physical geography |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C4792198 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.47757700085639954 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Land use |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C39432304 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.47562578320503235 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Environmental science |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C62649853 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.40312737226486206 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Remote sensing |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C58640448 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.36006659269332886 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Cartography |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C107826830 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.3303340673446655 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Environmental resource management |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.23543301224708557 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C119857082 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Machine learning |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C147176958 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Civil engineering |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Operating system |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C166957645 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Archaeology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/china |
| keywords[0].score | 0.5884683728218079 |
| keywords[0].display_name | China |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth |
| keywords[1].score | 0.560154914855957 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Ground truth |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fragmentation |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5324832797050476 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Fragmentation (computing) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geography |
| keywords[3].score | 0.492875337600708 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Geography |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4825686514377594 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Agriculture |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover |
| keywords[5].score | 0.48169976472854614 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Land cover |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4806215167045593 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Physical geography |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use |
| keywords[7].score | 0.47757700085639954 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Land use |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science |
| keywords[8].score | 0.47562578320503235 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Environmental science |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing |
| keywords[9].score | 0.40312737226486206 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Remote sensing |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography |
| keywords[10].score | 0.36006659269332886 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Cartography |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management |
| keywords[11].score | 0.3303340673446655 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Environmental resource management |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[12].score | 0.23543301224708557 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Computer science |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2736600276 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2095-5421, 2214-5141 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2095-5421 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | The Crop Journal |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320345 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | KeAi |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320345, https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | KeAi, Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | The Crop Journal |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7938a1525fdb4e27a28d01f981f5a7b6 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Crop Journal, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 281-294 (2024) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/7938a1525fdb4e27a28d01f981f5a7b6 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014059282 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Yifeng Cui |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210165038 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034t30j35 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04t1cdb72 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210165038 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/05qbk4x57 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210165038 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].display_name | University of Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Yifeng Cui |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039227078 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-7178 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Ronggao Liu |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034t30j35 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04t1cdb72 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Ronggao Liu |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5106600354 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-6942 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Zhichao Li |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034t30j35 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04t1cdb72 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Zhichao Li |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100460236 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-7981 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Chao Zhang |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210165038 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034t30j35 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04t1cdb72 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210165038 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/05qbk4x57 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210165038 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].display_name | University of Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Chao Zhang |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065774182 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-0321 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Xiao‐Peng Song |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I66946132 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I66946132 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/047s2c258 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I66946132 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Maryland, College Park |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Xiao-Peng Song |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101468654 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-0879 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Jilin Yang |
| authorships[5].countries | CN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04v3ywz14 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I52158045 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | China Agricultural University |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/034t30j35 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | government |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/04t1cdb72 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].display_name | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Jilin Yang |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5035292711 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3115-2042 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Le Yu |
| authorships[6].countries | CN |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210114963, https://openalex.org/I99065089 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Tsinghua University (Department of Earth System Science)- Xi'an Institute of Surveying and Mapping Joint Research Center for Next-Generation Smart Mapping, Beijing 100084, China |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I99065089 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China |
| authorships[6].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing 100084, China |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210114963 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02j693n47 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210114963 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I99065089 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03cve4549 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I99065089 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | Tsinghua University |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Le Yu |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing 100084, China, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Tsinghua University (Department of Earth System Science)- Xi'an Institute of Surveying and Mapping Joint Research Center for Next-Generation Smart Mapping, Beijing 100084, China |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5108774084 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Mengxi Chen |
| authorships[7].countries | CA, CN |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I141945490 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I20231570, https://openalex.org/I4210166112 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I141945490 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03rmrcq20 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I141945490, https://openalex.org/I4210128534, https://openalex.org/I4210135497, https://openalex.org/I4387154919 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | University of British Columbia |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I20231570 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02v51f717 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I20231570 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | Peking University |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210166112 |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/05wzjqa24 |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210166112 |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].country_code | CN |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].display_name | State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Mengxi Chen |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada, Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5091757387 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5687-803X |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Jinwei Dong |
| authorships[8].countries | CN |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210165038 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/034t30j35 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04t1cdb72 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].display_name | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210165038 |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/05qbk4x57 |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210165038 |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].country_code | CN |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].display_name | University of Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| authorships[8].author_position | last |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Jinwei Dong |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011 |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Decoding the inconsistency of six cropland maps in China |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10111 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9991999864578247 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2303 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Ecology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Remote Sensing in Agriculture |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4295532600, https://openalex.org/W2020734820, https://openalex.org/W3133615129, https://openalex.org/W2087854757, https://openalex.org/W2188959887, https://openalex.org/W2373152553, https://openalex.org/W4389201442, https://openalex.org/W2386169820, https://openalex.org/W604251607, https://openalex.org/W3170595163 |
| cited_by_count | 20 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 15 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 5 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2736600276 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2095-5421, 2214-5141 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2095-5421 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | The Crop Journal |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320345 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | KeAi |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320345, https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | KeAi, Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | The Crop Journal |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2736600276 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2095-5421, 2214-5141 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2095-5421 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | The Crop Journal |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320345 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | KeAi |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320345, https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | KeAi, Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | The Crop Journal |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.11.011 |
| publication_date | 2024-01-09 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2067055509, https://openalex.org/W2006249338, https://openalex.org/W3210090055, https://openalex.org/W3165531278, https://openalex.org/W3127347439, https://openalex.org/W4362576861, https://openalex.org/W4285593739, https://openalex.org/W2072465375, https://openalex.org/W2559977645, https://openalex.org/W2256456552, https://openalex.org/W4380990659, https://openalex.org/W3107129063, https://openalex.org/W2006929658, https://openalex.org/W2001510610, https://openalex.org/W4284704084, https://openalex.org/W3090679658, https://openalex.org/W3188524028, https://openalex.org/W4288420805, https://openalex.org/W2056435747, https://openalex.org/W2767953525, https://openalex.org/W4281619551, https://openalex.org/W3207200417, https://openalex.org/W3178168147, https://openalex.org/W3094306770, https://openalex.org/W4304172649, https://openalex.org/W4220901066, https://openalex.org/W3215280251, https://openalex.org/W4293577374, https://openalex.org/W6773704437, https://openalex.org/W4224241067, https://openalex.org/W3023058341, https://openalex.org/W4200236397, https://openalex.org/W2922502341, https://openalex.org/W4214586601, https://openalex.org/W3187735162, https://openalex.org/W6856620392, https://openalex.org/W2320285700, https://openalex.org/W2885406917, https://openalex.org/W4308315688, https://openalex.org/W4323108404, https://openalex.org/W4288032573, https://openalex.org/W2999585470, https://openalex.org/W3083435237, https://openalex.org/W6770371565, https://openalex.org/W2774653752, https://openalex.org/W3136933076, https://openalex.org/W2492296866, https://openalex.org/W4322761848, https://openalex.org/W2138218659, https://openalex.org/W4380360579, https://openalex.org/W4320522778, https://openalex.org/W3170897527, https://openalex.org/W3167131540, https://openalex.org/W2735042947, https://openalex.org/W3088036223, https://openalex.org/W6851355473, https://openalex.org/W2904263391, https://openalex.org/W4281606719, https://openalex.org/W4306953996, https://openalex.org/W4308569962, https://openalex.org/W4386308082, https://openalex.org/W2990978058, https://openalex.org/W4361278435, https://openalex.org/W3007530791 |
| referenced_works_count | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Up | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 11, 44, 48, 82, 84, 164, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 51, 56, 76, 117, 153, 173, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 148, 151, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.30, | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.37% | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ESA | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 8, 47, 74, 99, 102, 110, 121, 167, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.few | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.six | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 33, 72, 115, 131, 135, 154, 160, 170, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.10-m | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.30-m | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.56%. | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ESRI | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Land | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 65, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area | 46, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.land | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.like | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maps | 22, 79, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ones | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.past | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shed | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 18, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2020, | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.China | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 40, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.circa | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exist | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.light | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maps, | 161, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 41, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 88, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(i.e., | 92, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CLCD). | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.China. | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cover, | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Google | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.World, | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highly | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mainly | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sample | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensed | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study, | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.widely | 17, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Chinese | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Dynamic | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highest | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mapping | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regions | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sources | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spatial | 49, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varying | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(92.3%). | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Accurate | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Although | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 75, 137, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.climate, | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cropland | 1, 21, 78, 144, 174, 176, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decades, | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efforts, | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impeding | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.planning | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.products | 42, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provided | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regions. | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remotely | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.revealed | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unknown. | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GlobeLand | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.countries | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.datasets. | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluated | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.landscape | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practices | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promotion | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GLC_FCS30, | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Validation | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.WorldCover | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attributed | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.croplands, | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.especially | 10, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.WorldCover) | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consistency | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influencing | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.irrigation. | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management. | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mountainous | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production, | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agricultural | 6, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collectively | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentrated | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considerable | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribution | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ground-truth | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inconsistent | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigated | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discrepancies | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.food-stressed | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fragmentation | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inconsistency | 63, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overestimated | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fragmentation, | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.10-m-resolution | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.satellite-based | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state-of-the-art | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medium-to-high-resolution | 19 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 98 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5039227078, https://openalex.org/A5091757387 |
| countries_distinct_count | 3 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 9 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210160793, https://openalex.org/I4210165038 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6000000238418579 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Zero hunger |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.9888811 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |