Delayed Diagnosis, Leprosy Reactions, and Nerve Injury Among Individuals With Hansen's Disease Seen at a United States Clinic Article Swipe
Kristoffer E. Leon
,
Jesse T. Jacob
,
Carlos Franco‐Paredes
,
Phyllis E. Kozarsky
,
Henry M. Wu
,
Jessica K. Fairley
·
YOU?
·
· 2016
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw063
YOU?
·
· 2016
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw063
Background. Hansen's disease (HD), or leprosy, is uncommon in the United States. We sought to describe the characteristics of patients with HD in a US clinic, including an assessment of delays in diagnosis and HD reactions, which have both been associated with nerve damage. Methods. A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients seen at an HD clinic in the southern United States between January 1, 2002 and January 31, 2014. Demographic and clinical characteristics were summarized, including delays in diagnosis, frequency of reactions, and other complications including peripheral neuropathy. Results. Thirty patients were seen during the study time period. The majority of patients were male (73%) and had multibacillary disease (70%). Brazil, Mexico, and the United States were the most frequent of the 14 countries of origin. Hansen's disease “reactions”, severe inflammatory complications, were identified among 75% of patients, and nerve damage was present at diagnosis in 36% of patients. The median length of time between symptom onset and diagnosis was long at 12 months (range, 1–96), but no single factor was associated with a delay in diagnosis. Conclusions. The diagnosis of HD was frequently delayed among patients referred to our US clinic. The high frequency of reactions and neuropathy at diagnosis suggests that further efforts at timely diagnosis and management of this often unrecognized disease is needed to prevent the long-term sequelae associated with irreversible nerve damage.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw063
- https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/3/2/ofw063/33603167/ofw063.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 37
- References
- 32
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2303184458
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W2303184458Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw063Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Delayed Diagnosis, Leprosy Reactions, and Nerve Injury Among Individuals With Hansen's Disease Seen at a United States ClinicWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2016Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2016-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Kristoffer E. Leon, Jesse T. Jacob, Carlos Franco‐Paredes, Phyllis E. Kozarsky, Henry M. Wu, Jessica K. FairleyList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw063Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/3/2/ofw063/33603167/ofw063.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/3/2/ofw063/33603167/ofw063.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Medicine, Leprosy, Disease, Retrospective cohort study, Pediatrics, Incidence (geometry), Surgery, Dermatology, Internal medicine, Optics, PhysicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
37Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 3, 2024: 7, 2023: 1, 2022: 4, 2021: 6Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
32Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W2303184458 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw063 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw063 |
| ids.mag | 2303184458 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27186586 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W2303184458 |
| fwci | 2.40171689 |
| type | article |
| title | Delayed Diagnosis, Leprosy Reactions, and Nerve Injury Among Individuals With Hansen's Disease Seen at a United States Clinic |
| biblio.issue | 2 |
| biblio.volume | 3 |
| biblio.last_page | ofw063 |
| biblio.first_page | ofw063 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T12107 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[0].display_name | Leprosy Research and Treatment |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11381 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9904999732971191 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2746 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Surgery |
| topics[1].display_name | Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11316 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.972599983215332 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| topics[2].display_name | Mycobacterium research and diagnosis |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 3064 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 3064 |
| apc_paid.value | 3064 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 3064 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9588007926940918 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2780695269 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.8738580942153931 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36956 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Leprosy |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2779134260 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6335103511810303 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Disease |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C167135981 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5443150997161865 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Retrospective cohort study |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C187212893 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4687742292881012 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Pediatrics |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C61511704 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.46452128887176514 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Incidence (geometry) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C141071460 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.45579370856285095 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Surgery |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C16005928 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.3118867874145508 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Dermatology |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.2317996323108673 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C120665830 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Optics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9588007926940918 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/leprosy |
| keywords[1].score | 0.8738580942153931 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Leprosy |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/disease |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6335103511810303 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Disease |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/retrospective-cohort-study |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5443150997161865 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Retrospective cohort study |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatrics |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4687742292881012 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Pediatrics |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence |
| keywords[5].score | 0.46452128887176514 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Incidence (geometry) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery |
| keywords[6].score | 0.45579370856285095 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Surgery |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dermatology |
| keywords[7].score | 0.3118867874145508 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Dermatology |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[8].score | 0.2317996323108673 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Internal medicine |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw063 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2735126445 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2328-8957 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2328-8957 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Open Forum Infectious Diseases |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310311648 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Oxford University Press |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310311648 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/3/2/ofw063/33603167/ofw063.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Open Forum Infectious Diseases |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw063 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:27186586 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Open forum infectious diseases |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27186586 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ofids:3/2/ofw063 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source | |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | TEXT |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | http://ofid.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/3/2/ofw063 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4866574 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].license | |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Open Forum Infect Dis |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4866574 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5018681389 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-0458 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Kristoffer E. Leon |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Emory University |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03czfpz43 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Emory University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Kristoffer E. Leon |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Emory University |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047892976 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9811-6260 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Jesse T. Jacob |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03czfpz43 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Emory University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Jesse T. Jacob |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5054460328 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-643X |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Carlos Franco‐Paredes |
| authorships[2].countries | MX, US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210097267 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801543802 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital, Albany, Georgia |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210097267 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00nzavp26 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097267 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | MX |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I2801543802 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02y2qcy45 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801543802 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Carlos Franco-Paredes |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital, Albany, Georgia |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5107344164 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Phyllis E. Kozarsky |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03czfpz43 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Emory University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Phyllis E. Kozarsky |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102752047 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5671 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Henry M. Wu |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03czfpz43 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Emory University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Henry M. Wu |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5066344608 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4086-9272 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Jessica K. Fairley |
| authorships[5].countries | US |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03czfpz43 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Emory University |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Jessica K. Fairley |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/3/2/ofw063/33603167/ofw063.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Delayed Diagnosis, Leprosy Reactions, and Nerve Injury Among Individuals With Hansen's Disease Seen at a United States Clinic |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T12107 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| primary_topic.display_name | Leprosy Research and Treatment |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2408860785, https://openalex.org/W1978190347, https://openalex.org/W611873639, https://openalex.org/W328185054, https://openalex.org/W2409097669, https://openalex.org/W3102494694, https://openalex.org/W1969166778, https://openalex.org/W2386608704, https://openalex.org/W4292496110, https://openalex.org/W2279072953 |
| cited_by_count | 37 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[6].year | 2019 |
| counts_by_year[6].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[7].year | 2018 |
| counts_by_year[7].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[8].year | 2017 |
| counts_by_year[8].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw063 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2735126445 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2328-8957 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2328-8957 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Open Forum Infectious Diseases |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310311648 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Oxford University Press |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310311648 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/3/2/ofw063/33603167/ofw063.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Open Forum Infectious Diseases |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw063 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw063 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2735126445 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2328-8957 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2328-8957 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Open Forum Infectious Diseases |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310311648 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Oxford University Press |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310311648 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/3/2/ofw063/33603167/ofw063.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Open Forum Infectious Diseases |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw063 |
| publication_date | 2016-01-01 |
| publication_year | 2016 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W6715769937, https://openalex.org/W2105787356, https://openalex.org/W2408465894, https://openalex.org/W1977607072, https://openalex.org/W2394770868, https://openalex.org/W4211207211, https://openalex.org/W1991634244, https://openalex.org/W2100972431, https://openalex.org/W6697102192, https://openalex.org/W2400650954, https://openalex.org/W2186618388, https://openalex.org/W4242541557, https://openalex.org/W2159905317, https://openalex.org/W6675266474, https://openalex.org/W2338450912, https://openalex.org/W50970353, https://openalex.org/W155774906, https://openalex.org/W2143877526, https://openalex.org/W2339644826, https://openalex.org/W4292465688, https://openalex.org/W2416060350, https://openalex.org/W6711818188, https://openalex.org/W2025935650, https://openalex.org/W2067467915, https://openalex.org/W6677422741, https://openalex.org/W2014100086, https://openalex.org/W2110116899, https://openalex.org/W2055545088, https://openalex.org/W2131320891, https://openalex.org/W2296774852, https://openalex.org/W2117279200, https://openalex.org/W2414244484 |
| referenced_works_count | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 24, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1, | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.12 | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.14 | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HD | 22, 35, 57, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.US | 25, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 28, 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 55, 146, 164, 202, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 9, 23, 32, 59, 80, 148, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 7, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 19, 30, 83, 103, 123, 127, 139, 150, 155, 183, 198, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 15, 191, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.31, | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.36% | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.75% | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 101, 152, 181, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 34, 68, 73, 85, 108, 115, 141, 160, 200, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.had | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 10, 17, 60, 97, 116, 120, 124, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 50, 144, 162, 173, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2002 | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.male | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seen | 54, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 99, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 76, 94, 105, 119, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 21, 42, 175, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(73%) | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(HD), | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2014. | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 137, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chart | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delay | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nerve | 43, 142, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.onset | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(70%). | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.States | 63, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Thirty | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.United | 11, 62, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinic | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damage | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delays | 31, 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.length | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.median | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.months | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.needed | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severe | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sought | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.timely | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(range, | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Brazil, | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.January | 65, 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mexico, | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.States. | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 64, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinic, | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinic. | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damage. | 44, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delayed | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease | 3, 111, 130, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efforts | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.origin. | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.period. | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevent | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symptom | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1–96), | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hansen's | 2, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods. | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results. | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.describe | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequent | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leprosy, | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.majority | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 20, 53, 93, 104, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.referred | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequelae | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.southern | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggests | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncommon | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.countries | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagnosis | 33, 147, 161, 182, 203, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequency | 82, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 27, 78, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-term | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients, | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients. | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reactions | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 41, 174, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagnosis, | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagnosis. | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequently | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neuropathy | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peripheral | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reactions, | 36, 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background. | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Demographic | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neuropathy. | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.summarized, | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions. | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inflammatory | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.irreversible | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unrecognized | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complications | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.retrospective | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complications, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multibacillary | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics | 18, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“reactions”, | 131 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5018681389 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I150468666 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7699999809265137 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.89590052 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |