Design and implementation of a polarization-encoding system for quantum key distribution Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a
We present the design and implementation of a state-of-polarization (SOP) management technique and two efficient synchronizing methods for quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. This is achieved following a wavelength-division multiplexing approach, where the classical synchronization signal and the quantum states are propagated in the same optical fiber. The employed frame synchronization method is based on the monitoring of the quantum bit error ratio (QBER) of the quantum channel, thus avoiding additional hardware and high computational resources. We evaluate the operation of SOP generation method through the assessment of the individual response of the waveplates that comprise the employed electronic polarization controller. Finally, the performance was assessed by computing the overall QBER and the QBER contributions of each of the four polarization states associated with the different qubits. The measurements, obtained during six hours, show a slight variation of the QBER values associated with the individual contributions, reaching an overall QBER of 0.75%. This demonstrates the capability of the presented methods to operate, stably, with very low QBER values, making its application in practical QKD systems reliable.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a
- https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a/pdf
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 3
- References
- 35
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4399279849
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4399279849Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535aDigital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Design and implementation of a polarization-encoding system for quantum key distributionWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-06-03Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Sara T. Mantey, Nuno A. Silva, Armando N. Pinto, Nelson J. MugaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535aPublisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a/pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a/pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Quantum key distribution, Computer science, Optics, Encoding (memory), Key (lock), Quantum, Polarization (electrochemistry), Physics, Quantum mechanics, Computer security, Artificial intelligence, Physical chemistry, ChemistryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
3Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
35Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4399279849 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4399279849 |
| fwci | 1.91633565 |
| type | article |
| title | Design and implementation of a polarization-encoding system for quantum key distribution |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G2404625966 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334779 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | Ph.D. Grant 2021.06085.BD |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G5270111037 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320320300 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | 101091730 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | European Commission |
| awards[2].id | https://openalex.org/G7574054369 |
| awards[2].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320338448 |
| awards[2].display_name | |
| awards[2].funder_award_id | 101017733 |
| awards[2].funder_display_name | HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council |
| biblio.issue | 7 |
| biblio.volume | 26 |
| biblio.last_page | 075704 |
| biblio.first_page | 075704 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10020 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9491999745368958 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[0].display_name | Quantum Information and Cryptography |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320320300 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/00k4n6c32 |
| funders[0].display_name | European Commission |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334779 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/00snfqn58 |
| funders[1].display_name | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| funders[2].id | https://openalex.org/F4320338448 |
| funders[2].ror | |
| funders[2].display_name | HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C95466800 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8816909790039062 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Quantum key distribution |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6065837740898132 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C120665830 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5535380244255066 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Optics |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C125411270 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5527262091636658 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Encoding (memory) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C26517878 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5272262096405029 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Key (lock) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C84114770 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.49176934361457825 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Quantum |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C205049153 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.48963624238967896 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Polarization (electrochemistry) |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.23731586337089539 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.13968318700790405 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C38652104 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.0958092212677002 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Computer security |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.07963940501213074 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C147789679 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Physical chemistry |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8816909790039062 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Quantum key distribution |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6065837740898132 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optics |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5535380244255066 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Optics |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5527262091636658 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Encoding (memory) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/key |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5272262096405029 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Key (lock) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum |
| keywords[5].score | 0.49176934361457825 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Quantum |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization |
| keywords[6].score | 0.48963624238967896 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Polarization (electrochemistry) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.23731586337089539 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.13968318700790405 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security |
| keywords[9].score | 0.0958092212677002 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Computer security |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[10].score | 0.07963940501213074 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S128936867 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2040-8978, 2040-8986 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2040-8978 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Journal of Optics |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320083 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | IOP Publishing |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320083, https://openalex.org/P4310311669 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | IOP Publishing, Institute of Physics |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a/pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Journal of Optics |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5022431842 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1968-1360 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Sara T. Mantey |
| authorships[0].countries | PT |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210120471, https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, PORTUGAL |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210120471 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ht4fk33 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210120471 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | PT |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Instituto de Telecomunicações |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/00nt41z93 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | PT |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | University of Aveiro |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Sara Mantey |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, PORTUGAL |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100451492 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6309-6818 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Nuno A. Silva |
| authorships[1].countries | PT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210120471, https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, PORTUGAL |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210120471 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ht4fk33 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210120471 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | PT |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Instituto de Telecomunicações |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/00nt41z93 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | PT |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | University of Aveiro |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Nuno Silva |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, PORTUGAL |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5076838839 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2101-5896 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Armando N. Pinto |
| authorships[2].countries | PT |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210120471, https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, PORTUGAL |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210120471 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ht4fk33 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210120471 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | PT |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Instituto de Telecomunicações |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/00nt41z93 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | PT |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | University of Aveiro |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Armando Pinto |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, PORTUGAL |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5020075457 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4412-8025 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Nelson J. Muga |
| authorships[3].countries | PT |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210120471, https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, PORTUGAL |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210120471 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ht4fk33 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210120471 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | PT |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Instituto de Telecomunicações |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/00nt41z93 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | PT |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | University of Aveiro |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Nelson Muga |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, PORTUGAL |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a/pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Design and implementation of a polarization-encoding system for quantum key distribution |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10020 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9491999745368958 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| primary_topic.display_name | Quantum Information and Cryptography |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4313487304, https://openalex.org/W2314556459, https://openalex.org/W2736059005, https://openalex.org/W2035131364, https://openalex.org/W2071612327, https://openalex.org/W2039023320, https://openalex.org/W4293168356, https://openalex.org/W3006889293, https://openalex.org/W3139275890, https://openalex.org/W3196822321 |
| cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S128936867 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2040-8978, 2040-8986 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2040-8978 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Journal of Optics |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320083 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | IOP Publishing |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320083, https://openalex.org/P4310311669 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | IOP Publishing, Institute of Physics |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a/pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Optics |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S128936867 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2040-8978, 2040-8986 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2040-8978 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Journal of Optics |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320083 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | IOP Publishing |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320083, https://openalex.org/P4310311669 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | IOP Publishing, Institute of Physics |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a/pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Optics |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ad535a |
| publication_date | 2024-06-03 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3038067977, https://openalex.org/W2119781686, https://openalex.org/W3163857747, https://openalex.org/W2094793958, https://openalex.org/W3045856815, https://openalex.org/W4214946998, https://openalex.org/W2728092904, https://openalex.org/W1991631412, https://openalex.org/W2976624721, https://openalex.org/W4286630461, https://openalex.org/W2544940379, https://openalex.org/W2114448201, https://openalex.org/W4362697823, https://openalex.org/W4360977772, https://openalex.org/W4297094387, https://openalex.org/W2981556436, https://openalex.org/W3035062224, https://openalex.org/W2105259462, https://openalex.org/W2132683284, https://openalex.org/W3182855905, https://openalex.org/W1974433574, https://openalex.org/W2066608742, https://openalex.org/W3207852440, https://openalex.org/W4284666330, https://openalex.org/W2918895587, https://openalex.org/W1967340817, https://openalex.org/W4388764717, https://openalex.org/W3122187104, https://openalex.org/W2487895221, https://openalex.org/W1716995571, https://openalex.org/W2047463679, https://openalex.org/W3101082405, https://openalex.org/W3099975963, https://openalex.org/W3098944807, https://openalex.org/W3103647273 |
| referenced_works_count | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 8, 28, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 1, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 43, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 25, 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 7, 58, 65, 81, 88, 92, 116, 118, 138, 151, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.QKD | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SOP | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 48, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 5, 13, 37, 73, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bit | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.six | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 3, 33, 38, 44, 56, 59, 66, 79, 86, 89, 93, 97, 103, 109, 113, 119, 125, 139, 144, 155, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.QBER | 111, 114, 140, 150, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 24, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.four | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thus | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.very | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 124, 143, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(QKD) | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SOP) | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frame | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(QBER) | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.75%. | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fiber. | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hours, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.making | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 52, 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signal | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slight | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.states | 40, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 17, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optical | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overall | 110, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantum | 19, 39, 60, 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.qubits. | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stably, | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values, | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Finally, | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessed | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.avoiding | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.channel, | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprise | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employed | 49, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hardware | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operate, | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reaching | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.response | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems. | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach, | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.classical | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computing | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.following | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operation | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practical | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presented | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliable. | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variation | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 123, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capability | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electronic | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generation | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individual | 90, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propagated | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resources. | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.waveplates | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.application | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controller. | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrates | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribution | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiplexing | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polarization | 100, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computational | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contributions | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurements, | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synchronizing | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contributions, | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementation | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synchronization | 35, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wavelength-division | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state-of-polarization | 9 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5022431842 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210120471, https://openalex.org/I60858718 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.83658444 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |