Design and Practical Application of a Waveform Cryogenic Clamp: Innovation in Low-temperature Control and Tendon Biomechanics Article Swipe
Ziyan Xie
,
Limin Wang
,
Dengxing Lun
,
Hongyu Wang
,
Rui‐qi Qiao
,
Jingyu Zhang
,
Yong‐cheng Hu
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6260002/v1
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6260002/v1
This study innovatively developed a waveform cryogenic clamp to address issues like insufficient low - temperature maintenance, slippage, and structural damage in connective tissue biomechanical testing. The cooling efficiency of the clamp was comprehensively evaluated by comparing quenching and unilateral cooling methods. The quenching method maintained the average temperature of the clamp jaws at -35.0℃ to -46.0℃ for 5–6 minutes after liquid nitrogen removal, with significant temperature differences between fixed and movable jew plates. The tendon at 1 cm from the upper and lower clamp jaws cooled to -138.3℃ and − 135.8℃, while those 2 cm away reached − 85.7℃ and − 74.0℃, consuming 480 mL of liquid nitrogen per cycle. The unilateral cooling method, with intermittent liquid nitrogen injections into the coolant reservoirs of the upper and lower clamps, maintained the average temperature of the clamp jaws at -35℃ to -40℃ for 5 minutes, with tendons 1 cm away cooling to -1.2℃ and − 1.1℃, and those 2 cm away reaching 13.5℃ and 14.0℃, consuming 600 mL of liquid nitrogen per cycle. The waveform cryogenic clamp showed no tendon slippage and increased rupture frequency and severity, with ruptures predominantly occurring in the central tendon region, achieving an average ultimate load of 2075.900 ± 286.682 N and an average maximum stress of 140.569 ± 25.157 MPa. Despite longer cooling time and higher liquid nitrogen consumption, the unilateral cooling method provided more uniform temperature distribution and reduced tendon damage near the clamp ends. The waveform cryogenic clamp, with its unique waveform structure, low-temperature cooling mechanism, and rotary screw design demonstrated advantages such as superior low-temperature control, high clamping force, low cost, and reliability, adaptable to various experimental scenarios.
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Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6260002/v1
- https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6260002/latest.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 18
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4409456560
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4409456560Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6260002/v1Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Design and Practical Application of a Waveform Cryogenic Clamp: Innovation in Low-temperature Control and Tendon BiomechanicsWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-04-15Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Ziyan Xie, Limin Wang, Dengxing Lun, Hongyu Wang, Rui‐qi Qiao, Jingyu Zhang, Yong‐cheng HuList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6260002/v1Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6260002/latest.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6260002/latest.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Waveform, Biomechanics, Clamp, Tendon, Control (management), Computer science, Engineering, Biomedical engineering, Materials science, Mechanical engineering, Medicine, Anatomy, Electrical engineering, Artificial intelligence, Voltage, ClampingTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
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18Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.an | 198, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 54, 77, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cm | 79, 96, 149, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 22, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mL | 106, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 30, 50, 107, 125, 135, 169, 202, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 9, 56, 88, 141, 152, 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.± | 204, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.480 | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.600 | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 27, 43, 75, 112, 174, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 19, 39, 71, 83, 90, 101, 128, 154, 157, 164, 182, 186, 207, 221, 235, 255, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 58, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.jew | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 14, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.per | 110, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 31, 47, 51, 81, 122, 126, 132, 136, 193, 226, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.− | 91, 99, 102, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MPa. | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.away | 97, 150, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.jaws | 53, 86, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.like | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.load | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.near | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 65, 116, 146, 188, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5–6 | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clamp | 8, 32, 52, 85, 137, 177, 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cost, | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ends. | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fixed | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 84, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.screw | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.those | 94, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upper | 82, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.-35℃ | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.-40℃ | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.25.157 | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clamp, | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cooled | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cycle. | 111, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damage | 21, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.force, | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.issues | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.liquid | 62, 108, 118, 170, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longer | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 45, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rotary | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stress | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tendon | 76, 180, 195, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tissue | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unique | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.-1.2℃ | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.1℃, | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.13.5℃ | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.140.569 | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.286.682 | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.85.7℃ | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Despite | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.address | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 48, 133, 199, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.central | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clamps, | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coolant | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cooling | 28, 41, 114, 151, 219, 228, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximum | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method, | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minutes | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.movable | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plates. | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reached | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.region, | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rupture | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tendons | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uniform | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.-35.0℃ | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.-46.0℃ | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.14.0℃, | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2075.900 | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.74.0℃, | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clamping | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control, | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods. | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minutes, | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nitrogen | 63, 109, 119, 171, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provided | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reaching | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.removal, | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ruptures | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slippage | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.superior | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.testing. | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ultimate | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.waveform | 6, 175, 244, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.-138.3℃ | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.135.8℃, | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieving | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adaptable | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparing | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consuming | 104, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cryogenic | 7, 176, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluated | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequency | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occurring | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quenching | 38, 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severity, | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slippage, | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advantages | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.connective | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injections | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maintained | 46, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanism, | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reservoirs | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scenarios. | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structural | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure, | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unilateral | 40, 113, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature | 16, 49, 67, 134, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consumption, | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribution | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.innovatively | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insufficient | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intermittent | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maintenance, | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliability, | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biomechanical | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predominantly | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensively | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low-temperature | 252, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<title>Abstract</title> | 0 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.15017878 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |