Design and Research of Inductive Oil Pollutant Detection Sensor Based on High Gradient Magnetic Field Structure Article Swipe
Wei Li
,
Chenzhao Bai
,
Chengjie Wang
,
Hongpeng Zhang
,
Lebile Ilerioluwa
,
Xiaotian Wang
,
Shuang Yu
,
Guobin Li
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060638
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060638
An inductive oil pollutant detection sensor based on a high-gradient magnetic field structure is designed in this paper, which is mainly used for online detection and fault analysis of pollutants in hydraulic and lubricating oil systems. The innovation of the sensor is based on the inductance detection method. Permalloy is embedded in the sensing region of the sensor, so that the detection area generates a high gradient magnetic field to enhance the detection accuracy of the sensor. Compared with traditional inductive sensors, the sensor has a significant improvement in detection accuracy, and the addition of permalloy greatly improves the stability of the sensor’s detection unit structure. The article theoretically analyzes the working principle of the sensor, optimizes the design parameters and structure of the sensor through simulation, determines the best permalloy parameters, and establishes an experimental system for verification. Experimental results show that when a piece of permalloy is added to the sensing unit, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of iron particles is increased by more than 20%, and the signal-to-noise ratio of copper particles is increased by more than 70%. When two pieces of permalloy are added, the signal-to-noise ratio for iron particles is increased by more than 70%, and the SNR for copper particles is increased several times. This method raises the lower limit of detection for ferromagnetic metal particles to 20 μm, and the lower limit for detection of non-ferromagnetic metal particles to 80 μm, which is the higher detection accuracy of the planar coil sensors. This paper provides a new and faster online method for pollutant detection in oil, which is of great significance for diagnosing and monitoring the health of oil in mechanical systems.
Related Topics
Concepts
Permalloy
Detection limit
Inductive sensor
Materials science
Magnetic field
SIGNAL (programming language)
Inductance
Noise (video)
Electromagnetic coil
Acoustics
Optoelectronics
Electrical engineering
Computer science
Engineering
Physics
Magnetization
Chemistry
Programming language
Chromatography
Artificial intelligence
Voltage
Quantum mechanics
Image (mathematics)
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060638
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/6/638/pdf?version=1622538065
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 19
- References
- 16
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3164205335
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3164205335Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060638Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Design and Research of Inductive Oil Pollutant Detection Sensor Based on High Gradient Magnetic Field StructureWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-05-30Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Wei Li, Chenzhao Bai, Chengjie Wang, Hongpeng Zhang, Lebile Ilerioluwa, Xiaotian Wang, Shuang Yu, Guobin LiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060638Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/6/638/pdf?version=1622538065Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/6/638/pdf?version=1622538065Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Permalloy, Detection limit, Inductive sensor, Materials science, Magnetic field, SIGNAL (programming language), Inductance, Noise (video), Electromagnetic coil, Acoustics, Optoelectronics, Electrical engineering, Computer science, Engineering, Physics, Magnetization, Chemistry, Programming language, Chromatography, Artificial intelligence, Voltage, Quantum mechanics, Image (mathematics)Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
19Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 9, 2023: 5, 2022: 2, 2021: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
16Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3164205335 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060638 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060638 |
| ids.mag | 3164205335 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34070828 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3164205335 |
| fwci | 1.99268068 |
| type | article |
| title | Design and Research of Inductive Oil Pollutant Detection Sensor Based on High Gradient Magnetic Field Structure |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G8528991229 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 51679022 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| biblio.issue | 6 |
| biblio.volume | 12 |
| biblio.last_page | 638 |
| biblio.first_page | 638 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T12169 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.996999979019165 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2210 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Mechanical Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Non-Destructive Testing Techniques |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11557 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9912999868392944 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2210 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Mechanical Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Lubricants and Their Additives |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11343 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9832000136375427 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01h0zpd94 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2000 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2165 |
| apc_paid.value | 2000 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2165 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C55357998 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9311408996582031 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061375 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Permalloy |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C119128265 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6723148822784424 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Detection limit |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C108572070 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6687042713165283 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765821 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Inductive sensor |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6498342752456665 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C115260700 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.47686347365379333 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Magnetic field |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2779843651 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4717310965061188 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335 |
| concepts[5].display_name | SIGNAL (programming language) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C29210110 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.45760393142700195 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Inductance |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C99498987 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4463111162185669 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Noise (video) |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C30403606 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.413242906332016 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Electromagnetic coil |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C24890656 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.3483138680458069 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Acoustics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C49040817 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3422339856624603 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Optoelectronics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C119599485 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.22655877470970154 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.1967734396457672 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.17080548405647278 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.15707507729530334 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C32546565 |
| concepts[15].level | 3 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.13408327102661133 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Magnetization |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[16].level | 0 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.11145791411399841 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Programming language |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C43617362 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Chromatography |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C165801399 |
| concepts[20].level | 2 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Voltage |
| concepts[21].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[21].level | 1 |
| concepts[21].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[21].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[21].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| concepts[22].id | https://openalex.org/C115961682 |
| concepts[22].level | 2 |
| concepts[22].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[22].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623 |
| concepts[22].display_name | Image (mathematics) |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/permalloy |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9311408996582031 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Permalloy |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-limit |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6723148822784424 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Detection limit |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-sensor |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6687042713165283 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Inductive sensor |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6498342752456665 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field |
| keywords[4].score | 0.47686347365379333 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Magnetic field |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/signal |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4717310965061188 |
| keywords[5].display_name | SIGNAL (programming language) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/inductance |
| keywords[6].score | 0.45760393142700195 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Inductance |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/noise |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4463111162185669 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Noise (video) |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil |
| keywords[8].score | 0.413242906332016 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Electromagnetic coil |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.3483138680458069 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Acoustics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3422339856624603 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Optoelectronics |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering |
| keywords[11].score | 0.22655877470970154 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[12].score | 0.1967734396457672 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[13].score | 0.17080548405647278 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[14].score | 0.15707507729530334 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetization |
| keywords[15].score | 0.13408327102661133 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Magnetization |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[16].score | 0.11145791411399841 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Chemistry |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/mi12060638 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S96702057 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2072-666X |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2072-666X |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Micromachines |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/6/638/pdf?version=1622538065 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Micromachines |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060638 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:34070828 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Micromachines |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34070828 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cbb10dd39ba04698b9d09d08deba409b |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Micromachines, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 638 (2021) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/cbb10dd39ba04698b9d09d08deba409b |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8227864 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Micromachines (Basel) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8227864 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100318240 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9328-671X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Wei Li |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/002b7nr53 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Dalian Maritime University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Wei Li |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068722668 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8549-3382 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Chenzhao Bai |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/002b7nr53 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Dalian Maritime University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Chenzhao Bai |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101560555 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8147-3704 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Chengjie Wang |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/002b7nr53 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Dalian Maritime University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Chengjie Wang |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5036085392 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-600X |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Hongpeng Zhang |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/002b7nr53 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Dalian Maritime University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Hongpeng Zhang |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5058872133 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1157-9252 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Lebile Ilerioluwa |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/002b7nr53 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Dalian Maritime University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Lebile Ilerioluwa |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100395719 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9075-9966 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Xiaotian Wang |
| authorships[5].countries | CN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/002b7nr53 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Dalian Maritime University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Xiaotian Wang |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5072584071 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-8878 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Shuang Yu |
| authorships[6].countries | CN |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/002b7nr53 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Dalian Maritime University |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Shuang Yu |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5025434335 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-9507 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Guobin Li |
| authorships[7].countries | CN |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/002b7nr53 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Dalian Maritime University |
| authorships[7].author_position | last |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Guobin Li |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/6/638/pdf?version=1622538065 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Design and Research of Inductive Oil Pollutant Detection Sensor Based on High Gradient Magnetic Field Structure |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T12169 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.996999979019165 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2210 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Mechanical Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Non-Destructive Testing Techniques |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2023676984, https://openalex.org/W2180925087, https://openalex.org/W2178054814, https://openalex.org/W1969141663, https://openalex.org/W2911969801, https://openalex.org/W2011403681, https://openalex.org/W3107673344, https://openalex.org/W2026548686, https://openalex.org/W3038980242, https://openalex.org/W2538297308 |
| cited_by_count | 19 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/mi12060638 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S96702057 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2072-666X |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2072-666X |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Micromachines |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/6/638/pdf?version=1622538065 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Micromachines |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060638 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/mi12060638 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S96702057 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2072-666X |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2072-666X |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Micromachines |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/6/638/pdf?version=1622538065 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Micromachines |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060638 |
| publication_date | 2021-05-30 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2573097856, https://openalex.org/W2049833369, https://openalex.org/W3014766455, https://openalex.org/W2958801721, https://openalex.org/W2949273699, https://openalex.org/W2107964497, https://openalex.org/W3005439382, https://openalex.org/W1998841444, https://openalex.org/W2936469258, https://openalex.org/W2900779256, https://openalex.org/W1983771013, https://openalex.org/W2748299535, https://openalex.org/W3017899053, https://openalex.org/W2047720135, https://openalex.org/W2997179366, https://openalex.org/W2511965605 |
| referenced_works_count | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 8, 64, 85, 144, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.20 | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.80 | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.An | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 163, 176, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 15, 30, 51, 88, 260, 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 13, 19, 41, 49, 148, 161, 174, 193, 205, 238, 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 28, 38, 55, 74, 94, 100, 113, 122, 146, 158, 171, 183, 215, 230, 243, 264, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 7, 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.so | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 69, 150, 221, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SNR | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 36, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 25, 32, 91, 120, 132, 167, 199, 224, 253, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 22, 137, 190, 202, 217, 228, 257, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil | 2, 34, 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 39, 44, 52, 56, 60, 71, 75, 82, 92, 98, 101, 110, 114, 117, 123, 128, 151, 154, 168, 187, 200, 212, 225, 239, 244, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.20%, | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.70%, | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.70%. | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 209, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.best | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coil | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.iron | 159, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 164, 177, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil, | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 165, 178, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 59, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unit | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.μm, | 223, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SNR) | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.added | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 6, 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fault | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.field | 11, 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.great | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limit | 214, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 213, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metal | 219, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.piece | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 156, 170, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unit, | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 18, 237, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.added, | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.copper | 172, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.faster | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mainly | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 210, 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.online | 23, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper, | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pieces | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.planar | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.raises | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.region | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensor | 5, 40, 83, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.times. | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.article | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhance | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greatly | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method. | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensing | 53, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensor, | 57, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensor. | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.working | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Compared | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 73, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzes | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.embedded | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gradient | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improves | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.magnetic | 10, 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensors, | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensors. | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems. | 35, 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Permalloy | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy, | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detection | 4, 24, 46, 61, 72, 89, 103, 216, 229, 241, 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generates | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydraulic | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 162, 175, 194, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inductive | 1, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimizes | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particles | 160, 173, 192, 204, 220, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.permalloy | 95, 130, 147, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pollutant | 3, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.principle | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stability | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure | 12, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determines | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagnosing | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inductance | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.innovation | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanical | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pollutants | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensor’s | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure. | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.establishes | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improvement | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lubricating | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters, | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation, | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traditional | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Experimental | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significance | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ferromagnetic | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-gradient | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theoretically | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verification. | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signal-to-noise | 155, 169, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-ferromagnetic | 231 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5036085392 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I43313876 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.41999998688697815 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Industry, innovation and infrastructure |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.84278067 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |