DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR DEVELOPING STATISTICAL LITERACY IN MIDDLE SCHOOLS Article Swipe
Statistical literacy is a skill that will be required by all students, but only limited insights exist into how it can be developed in middle schools. Research is required that identifies design principles and provides didactic materials for developing statistical literacy in actual middle school classrooms, meaning classrooms in which statistics is only seen as a small part of mathematics. This study conceptualizes statistical literacy as not only the ability to read given statistical information, but also as the ability to imagine the often unreported data and underlying assumptions of this information. This allows the Design Research study to identify design principles for developing statistical literacy in which students actively engage with conflicting statistical information about the same data. The working mechanisms of the design principles are illustrated through didactic materials, and student responses show how the design principles can be used to develop statistical literacy in middle schools.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v21i1.80
- https://iase-web.org/ojs/SERJ/article/download/80/309
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 7
- References
- 39
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4220843941
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4220843941Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v21i1.80Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR DEVELOPING STATISTICAL LITERACY IN MIDDLE SCHOOLSWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-02-28Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Christian BüscherList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v21i1.80Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://iase-web.org/ojs/SERJ/article/download/80/309Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://iase-web.org/ojs/SERJ/article/download/80/309Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Mathematics education, Literacy, Psychology, Statistical analysis, Computer science, Pedagogy, Mathematics, StatisticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
7Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4, 2024: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
39Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4220843941 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v21i1.80 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v21i1.80 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4220843941 |
| fwci | 2.92208581 |
| type | article |
| title | DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR DEVELOPING STATISTICAL LITERACY IN MIDDLE SCHOOLS |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 21 |
| biblio.last_page | 10 |
| biblio.first_page | 10 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11875 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Mathematics |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2613 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Statistics and Probability |
| topics[0].display_name | Statistics Education and Methodologies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12884 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[1].score | 0.9416999816894531 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3304 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Education |
| topics[1].display_name | Educational Assessment and Pedagogy |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C145420912 |
| concepts[0].level | 1 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.697452962398529 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Mathematics education |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C547764534 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5597004294395447 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Literacy |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C15744967 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.4451969265937805 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Psychology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2986587452 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.44497573375701904 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Statistical analysis |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.3921804428100586 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C19417346 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.37459006905555725 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Pedagogy |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.2136930227279663 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C105795698 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.13512250781059265 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Statistics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education |
| keywords[0].score | 0.697452962398529 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Mathematics education |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5597004294395447 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Literacy |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.4451969265937805 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Psychology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis |
| keywords[3].score | 0.44497573375701904 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Statistical analysis |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.3921804428100586 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy |
| keywords[5].score | 0.37459006905555725 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Pedagogy |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[6].score | 0.2136930227279663 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.13512250781059265 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Statistics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.52041/serj.v21i1.80 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764536971 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1570-1824 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1570-1824 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Statistics Education Research Journal |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://iase-web.org/ojs/SERJ/article/download/80/309 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v21i1.80 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065027607 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-2438 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Christian Büscher |
| authorships[0].countries | DE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I200332995 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | TU Dortmund University |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I200332995 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01k97gp34 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I200332995 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | TU Dortmund University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | CHRISTIAN BÜSCHER |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | TU Dortmund University |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://iase-web.org/ojs/SERJ/article/download/80/309 |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR DEVELOPING STATISTICAL LITERACY IN MIDDLE SCHOOLS |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11875 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Mathematics |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2613 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Statistics and Probability |
| primary_topic.display_name | Statistics Education and Methodologies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4391375266, https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W2931662336, https://openalex.org/W2077865380, https://openalex.org/W4401768695, https://openalex.org/W2765597752, https://openalex.org/W2134894512, https://openalex.org/W2083375246, https://openalex.org/W2067108088, https://openalex.org/W2085372204 |
| cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.52041/serj.v21i1.80 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764536971 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1570-1824 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1570-1824 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Statistics Education Research Journal |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://iase-web.org/ojs/SERJ/article/download/80/309 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v21i1.80 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.52041/serj.v21i1.80 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764536971 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1570-1824 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1570-1824 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Statistics Education Research Journal |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://iase-web.org/ojs/SERJ/article/download/80/309 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v21i1.80 |
| publication_date | 2022-02-28 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2774725695, https://openalex.org/W1505503794, https://openalex.org/W241764072, https://openalex.org/W563295823, https://openalex.org/W2774176956, https://openalex.org/W2129462462, https://openalex.org/W2757750090, https://openalex.org/W4251368230, https://openalex.org/W2939853254, https://openalex.org/W2757989419, https://openalex.org/W2066179266, https://openalex.org/W1971349132, https://openalex.org/W2794723054, https://openalex.org/W3081084399, https://openalex.org/W3149168813, https://openalex.org/W2789757858, https://openalex.org/W2794858472, https://openalex.org/W2461500790, https://openalex.org/W2751618619, https://openalex.org/W2178580045, https://openalex.org/W2771923859, https://openalex.org/W1969341769, https://openalex.org/W2115232038, https://openalex.org/W116488086, https://openalex.org/W3066968154, https://openalex.org/W2943223572, https://openalex.org/W1443369453, https://openalex.org/W2795090381, https://openalex.org/W2883478720, https://openalex.org/W1575542553, https://openalex.org/W366467963, https://openalex.org/W3082679557, https://openalex.org/W2795277520, https://openalex.org/W6674870777, https://openalex.org/W2242231104, https://openalex.org/W2774251351, https://openalex.org/W4238563033, https://openalex.org/W2612827855, https://openalex.org/W4233179886 |
| referenced_works_count | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 54, 65, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 7, 21, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 23, 41, 48, 106, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 2, 27, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 58, 89, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 70, 80, 98, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 33, 86, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 12, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 20, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 37, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.how | 18, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 68, 78, 82, 94, 116, 123, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 60, 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 13, 52, 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.part | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.read | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seen | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 5, 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data. | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exist | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.given | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.skill | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.small | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 61, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 49, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Design | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.actual | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.allows | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 31, 100, 124, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.engage | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.middle | 24, 43, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.school | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 69, 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develop | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imagine | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meaning | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.student | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.working | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Research | 26, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.actively | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.didactic | 35, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insights | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literacy | 1, 40, 64, 105, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.required | 8, 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.schools. | 25, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.students | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.responses | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.students, | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.classrooms | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developing | 38, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identifies | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials, | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.principles | 32, 101, 125, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.statistics | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underlying | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unreported | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Statistical | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assumptions | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.classrooms, | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conflicting | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.illustrated | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.statistical | 39, 63, 73, 104, 113, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information, | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information. | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mathematics. | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conceptualizes | 62 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5065027607 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 1 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I200332995 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8899999856948853 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Quality Education |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.85521541 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |