Development and evaluation of a high sensitivity dial system for profiling atmospheric CO2 Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2017
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2308246
A ground-based 2-micron Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) CO2 profiling system for atmospheric boundary layer studies and validation of space-based CO2 sensors is being developed and tested at NASA Langley Research Center as part of the NASA Instrument Incubator Program. To capture the variability of CO2 in the lower troposphere a precision of 1-2 ppm of CO2 ( <0.5%) with 0.5 to 1 km vertical resolution from near surface to free troposphere (4-5 km) is one of the goals of this program. In addition, a 1% (3 ppm) absolute accuracy with a 1 km resolution over 0.5 km to free troposphere (4-5 km) is also a goal of the program. This DIAL system leverages 2-micron laser technology developed under NASA's Laser Risk Reduction Program (LRRP) and other NASA programs to develop new solid-state laser technology that provides high pulse energy, tunable, wavelength-stabilized, and double-pulsed lasers that are operable over pre-selected temperature insensitive strong CO2 absorption lines suitable for profiling of lower tropospheric CO2. It also incorporates new high quantum efficiency, high gain, and relatively low noise phototransistors, and a new receiver/signal processor system to achieve high precision DIAL measurements. This presentation describes the capabilities of this system for atmospheric CO2 and aerosol profiling. Examples of atmospheric measurements in the lidar and DIAL mode will be presented.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2308246
- https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10566/105661I/Development-and-evaluation-of-a-high-sensitivity-dial-system-for/10.1117/12.2308246.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W763614511
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W763614511Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2308246Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Development and evaluation of a high sensitivity dial system for profiling atmospheric CO2Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2017Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2017-11-21Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Syed Ismail, Grady J. Koch, Tamer Refaat, Upendra N. Singh, M. N. Abedin, J. YuList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2308246Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10566/105661I/Development-and-evaluation-of-a-high-sensitivity-dial-system-for/10.1117/12.2308246.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10566/105661I/Development-and-evaluation-of-a-high-sensitivity-dial-system-for/10.1117/12.2308246.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Dial, Troposphere, Lidar, Remote sensing, Environmental science, Laser, Planetary boundary layer, Profiling (computer programming), Materials science, Optics, Meteorology, Boundary layer, Physics, Computer science, Aerospace engineering, Geology, Engineering, Operating system, AcousticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W763614511 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2308246 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2308246 |
| ids.mag | 763614511 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W763614511 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Development and evaluation of a high sensitivity dial system for profiling atmospheric CO2 |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | 62 |
| biblio.first_page | 62 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11588 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| topics[0].display_name | Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11111 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Chemistry |
| topics[1].score | 0.9927999973297119 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1607 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Spectroscopy |
| topics[1].display_name | Spectroscopy and Laser Applications |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12760 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.984000027179718 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Laser Design and Applications |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2779710594 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8468589782714844 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4151234 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Dial |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C9075549 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.8208829164505005 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Troposphere |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C51399673 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7019128203392029 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Lidar |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C62649853 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6024864912033081 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Remote sensing |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C39432304 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5835329294204712 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Environmental science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C520434653 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.561378002166748 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Laser |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C86338904 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5055100917816162 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757268 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Planetary boundary layer |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C187191949 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.45584410429000854 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Profiling (computer programming) |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.3770701289176941 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C120665830 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.32651594281196594 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Optics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C153294291 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.2994195818901062 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Meteorology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C111603439 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.2656419277191162 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752193 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Boundary layer |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.21488410234451294 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.20384585857391357 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C146978453 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.15329352021217346 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Aerospace engineering |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.1197822093963623 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[16].level | 0 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.11917456984519958 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Operating system |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C24890656 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Acoustics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dial |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8468589782714844 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Dial |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere |
| keywords[1].score | 0.8208829164505005 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Troposphere |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7019128203392029 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Lidar |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6024864912033081 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Remote sensing |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5835329294204712 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Environmental science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/laser |
| keywords[5].score | 0.561378002166748 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Laser |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-boundary-layer |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5055100917816162 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Planetary boundary layer |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling |
| keywords[7].score | 0.45584410429000854 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Profiling (computer programming) |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3770701289176941 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.32651594281196594 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Optics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology |
| keywords[10].score | 0.2994195818901062 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Meteorology |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-layer |
| keywords[11].score | 0.2656419277191162 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Boundary layer |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[12].score | 0.21488410234451294 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[13].score | 0.20384585857391357 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering |
| keywords[14].score | 0.15329352021217346 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Aerospace engineering |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[15].score | 0.1197822093963623 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[16].score | 0.11917456984519958 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Engineering |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1117/12.2308246 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source | |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10566/105661I/Development-and-evaluation-of-a-high-sensitivity-dial-system-for/10.1117/12.2308246.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | proceedings-article |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2008 |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2308246 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5089178760 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6273-2069 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Syed Ismail |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1319063186 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | NASA/Langley Research Ctr. (United States) |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1319063186 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0399mhs52 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1319063186, https://openalex.org/I4210124779 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Langley Research Center |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Syed Ismail |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | NASA/Langley Research Ctr. (United States) |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5034769719 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Grady J. Koch |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1319063186 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | NASA/Langley Research Ctr. (United States) |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1319063186 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0399mhs52 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1319063186, https://openalex.org/I4210124779 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Langley Research Center |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | G. J. Koch |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | NASA/Langley Research Ctr. (United States) |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102954907 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4105-3624 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Tamer Refaat |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1319063186 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | NASA/Langley Research Ctr. (United States) |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1319063186 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0399mhs52 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1319063186, https://openalex.org/I4210124779 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Langley Research Center |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | T. Refaat |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | NASA/Langley Research Ctr. (United States) |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101897662 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-859X |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Upendra N. Singh |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1319063186 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | NASA/Langley Research Ctr. (United States) |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1319063186 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0399mhs52 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1319063186, https://openalex.org/I4210124779 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Langley Research Center |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | U. N. Singh |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | NASA/Langley Research Ctr. (United States) |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5113941977 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | M. N. Abedin |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1319063186 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | NASA/Langley Research Ctr. (United States) |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1319063186 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0399mhs52 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1319063186, https://openalex.org/I4210124779 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Langley Research Center |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | M. N. Abedin |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | NASA/Langley Research Ctr. (United States) |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5002605806 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8707-518X |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | J. Yu |
| authorships[5].countries | US |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1319063186 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | NASA/Langley Research Ctr. (United States) |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1319063186 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0399mhs52 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1319063186, https://openalex.org/I4210124779 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Langley Research Center |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | J. Yu |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | NASA/Langley Research Ctr. (United States) |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10566/105661I/Development-and-evaluation-of-a-high-sensitivity-dial-system-for/10.1117/12.2308246.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Development and evaluation of a high sensitivity dial system for profiling atmospheric CO2 |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11588 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| primary_topic.display_name | Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2002530021, https://openalex.org/W4248342377, https://openalex.org/W1541183083, https://openalex.org/W2377291837, https://openalex.org/W1610756803, https://openalex.org/W2014662738, https://openalex.org/W4321518304, https://openalex.org/W1142898080, https://openalex.org/W154698609, https://openalex.org/W100874949 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1117/12.2308246 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source | |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10566/105661I/Development-and-evaluation-of-a-high-sensitivity-dial-system-for/10.1117/12.2308246.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | proceedings-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2008 |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2308246 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1117/12.2308246 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source | |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10566/105661I/Development-and-evaluation-of-a-high-sensitivity-dial-system-for/10.1117/12.2308246.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | proceedings-article |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2008 |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2308246 |
| publication_date | 2017-11-21 |
| publication_year | 2017 |
| referenced_works_count | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.( | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1 | 61, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 49, 83, 90, 104, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(3 | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1% | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.It | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 45, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 21, 73, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.km | 62, 92, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 17, 33, 43, 51, 54, 75, 78, 106, 158, 193, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 60, 68, 97, 128, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.5 | 59, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1-2 | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CO2 | 152, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 15, 24, 124, 141, 171, 176, 199, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 10, 156, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.km) | 72, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 130, 165, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ppm | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 34, 41, 46, 76, 107, 191, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(4-5 | 71, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DIAL | 110, 186, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NASA | 27, 35, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Risk | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 109, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 103, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.free | 69, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.goal | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 136, 166, 169, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mode | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.near | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 94, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.part | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ppm) | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 134, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 79, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 58, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Laser | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Lidar | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.being | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gain, | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.goals | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laser | 114, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layer | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lidar | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lines | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 47, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noise | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pulse | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(DIAL) | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(LRRP) | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Center | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NASA's | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lasers | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strong | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 9, 111, 181, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tested | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Langley | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Program | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieve | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aerosol | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capture | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develop | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy, | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantum | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensors | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2-micron | 2, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Examples | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Program. | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Research | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.absolute | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.boundary | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operable | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.program. | 80, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.programs | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suitable | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tunable, | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vertical | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<0.5%) | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Incubator | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reduction | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition, | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.describes | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 23, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leverages | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precision | 50, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processor | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.profiling | 8, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Absorption | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Instrument | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.absorption | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presented. | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.profiling. | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relatively | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resolution | 64, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technology | 115, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.validation | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.atmospheric | 11, 197, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency, | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insensitive | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solid-state | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.space-based | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.troposphere | 48, 70, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variability | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Differential | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capabilities | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ground-based | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incorporates | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurements | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pre-selected | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presentation | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tropospheric | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.double-pulsed | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurements. | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CO<sub>2</sub> | 7, 19, 44, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CO<sub>2</sub>. | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.receiver/signal | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phototransistors, | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wavelength-stabilized, | 140 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8399999737739563 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.00040654 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |