Development and Evaluation of Active Case Detection Methods to Support Visceral Leishmaniasis Elimination in India Article Swipe
Pushkar Dubey
,
Aritra Das
,
Khushbu Priyamvada
,
Joy Bindroo
,
Tanmay Mahapatra
,
Prabhas Kumar Mishra
,
Ankur Kumar
,
Ana O. Franco
,
Basab Rooj
,
Bikas Sinha
,
Sreya Pradhan
,
Indranath Banerjee
,
Manash Kumar
,
Nasreen Bano
,
Chandan Kumar
,
Chandan Prasad
,
Parna Chakraborty
,
Rakesh Kumar
,
Niraj S Kumar
,
Aditya Kumar
,
Abhishek Kumar Singh
,
Kumar Kundan
,
Sunil Babu Gosipatala
,
Hemant Shah
,
Morchan Karthick
,
Nupur Roy
,
Naresh Gill
,
Shweta Dwivedi
,
Indrajit Chaudhuri
,
Allen W. Hightower
,
Lloyd A. C. Chapman
,
Chandramani Singh
,
Madan Prasad Sharma
,
Neeraj Dhingra
,
Caryn Bern
,
Sridhar Srikantiah
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.648903
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.648903
As India moves toward the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) as a public health problem, comprehensive timely case detection has become increasingly important, in order to reduce the period of infectivity and control outbreaks. During the 2000s, localized research studies suggested that a large percentage of VL cases were never reported in government data. However, assessments conducted from 2013 to 2015 indicated that 85% or more of confirmed cases were eventually captured and reported in surveillance data, albeit with significant delays before diagnosis. Based on methods developed during these assessments, the CARE India team evolved new strategies for active case detection (ACD), applicable at large scale while being sufficiently effective in reducing time to diagnosis. Active case searches are triggered by the report of a confirmed VL case, and comprise two major search mechanisms: 1) case identification based on the index case’s knowledge of other known VL cases and searches in nearby houses (snowballing); and 2) sustained contact over time with a range of private providers, both formal and informal. Simultaneously, house-to-house searches were conducted in 142 villages of 47 blocks during this period. We analyzed data from 5030 VL patients reported in Bihar from January 2018 through July 2019. Of these 3033 were detected passively and 1997 via ACD (15 (0.8%) via house-to-house and 1982 (99.2%) by light touch ACD methods). We constructed multinomial logistic regression models comparing time intervals to diagnosis (30-59, 60-89 and ≥90 days with <30 days as the referent). ACD and younger age were associated with shorter time to diagnosis, while male sex and HIV infection were associated with longer illness durations. The advantage of ACD over PCD was more marked for longer illness durations: the adjusted odds ratios for having illness durations of 30-59, 60-89 and >=90 days compared to the referent of <30 days for ACD vs PCD were 0.88, 0.56 and 0.42 respectively. These ACD strategies not only reduce time to diagnosis, and thus risk of transmission, but also ensure that there is a double check on the proportion of cases actually getting captured. Such a process can supplement passive case detection efforts that must go on, possibly perpetually, even after elimination as a public health problem is achieved.
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- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.648903
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.648903/pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 20
- References
- 37
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W3138675183Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.648903Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Development and Evaluation of Active Case Detection Methods to Support Visceral Leishmaniasis Elimination in IndiaWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-03-24Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Pushkar Dubey, Aritra Das, Khushbu Priyamvada, Joy Bindroo, Tanmay Mahapatra, Prabhas Kumar Mishra, Ankur Kumar, Ana O. Franco, Basab Rooj, Bikas Sinha, Sreya Pradhan, Indranath Banerjee, Manash Kumar, Nasreen Bano, Chandan Kumar, Chandan Prasad, Parna Chakraborty, Rakesh Kumar, Niraj S Kumar, Aditya Kumar, Abhishek Kumar Singh, Kumar Kundan, Sunil Babu Gosipatala, Hemant Shah, Morchan Karthick, Nupur Roy, Naresh Gill, Shweta Dwivedi, Indrajit Chaudhuri, Allen W. Hightower, Lloyd A. C. Chapman, Chandramani Singh, Madan Prasad Sharma, Neeraj Dhingra, Caryn Bern, Sridhar SrikantiahList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.648903Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.648903/pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.648903/pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Visceral leishmaniasis, Medicine, Outbreak, Multinomial logistic regression, Index case, Environmental health, Leishmaniasis, Public health, Demography, Immunology, Statistics, Virology, Nursing, Mathematics, SociologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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20Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 5, 2024: 7, 2023: 6, 2022: 1, 2021: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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37Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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