Development of a Low-Cost Algometer Article Swipe

View

Thomas D Naish , Ana Luisa Trejos , Dave M Walton ·

YOU? · · 2021 · Open Access ·

Many people suffer from chronic pain, the reasons for which are not always well understood. Algometers are instruments that can help clinicians understand the nature of pain by determining the force at which pain becomes noticeable or unbearable. Algometers can also be used to determine the effects that external influences can have on pain tolerance in healthy people.\nThe goal of this project was to develop an algometer that can measure the normal range of pain thresholds and tolerances of most patients, which ranges up to 35 lbs. Also, the result needed to be accurate to about 1% and made as inexpensively as possible, ideally below $150. Lastly, the algometer needed to be wireless, to allow clinicians freedom of movement while testing.\nOver the summer, the engineering design process was followed to create a functional algometer using an ESP-WROOM-32 microcontroller, a load cell, and an amplifier. The ESP32 provided the algometer with Bluetooth capability and controlled each component, while the load cell provided force value inputs. The algometer was calibrated using 5 and 10 kg weights.\nThe final design can measure forces beyond 156 N with an accuracy of around 1% beyond 50 N, and its minimal parts and 3D-printed exterior ensure a final prototype with low cost. Although the setup is not currently wireless, Bluetooth connectivity was explored and tested, meaning that a wireless connection is possible with this setup. Future work will require testing the algometer with people suffering from chronic pain.

Related Topics

Computer Science

Concepts

Computer science

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/usri/usri2021/researchoutputshowcase/191
OA Status: gold
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W3215385339

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W3215385339

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
Title: Development of a Low-Cost Algometer

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2021

Year of publication
Publication date: 2021-01-01

Full publication date if available
Authors: Thomas D Naish, Ana Luisa Trejos, Dave M Walton

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/usri/usri2021/researchoutputshowcase/191

Publisher landing page
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: gold

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/usri/usri2021/researchoutputshowcase/191

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Computer science

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 0

Total citation count in OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W3215385339
doi
ids.mag	3215385339
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W3215385339
fwci	0.0
type	article
title	Development of a Low-Cost Algometer
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T14156
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[0].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[0].score	0.05339999869465828
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2205
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Civil and Structural Engineering
topics[0].display_name	Engineering Applied Research
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T12564
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[1].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[1].score	0.041999999433755875
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1705
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Computer Networks and Communications
topics[1].display_name	Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[0].level	0
concepts[0].score	0.2900277376174927
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[0].display_name	Computer science
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[0].score	0.2900277376174927
keywords[0].display_name	Computer science
language	en
locations[0].id	pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:usri-1196
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url
locations[0].version	submittedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	text
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	False
locations[0].is_published	False
locations[0].raw_source_name	Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/usri/usri2021/researchoutputshowcase/191
locations[1].id	mag:3215385339
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version
locations[1].raw_type
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	False
locations[1].is_published
locations[1].raw_source_name
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/usri/usri2021/researchoutputshowcase/191/
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5075615388
authorships[0].author.orcid
authorships[0].author.display_name	Thomas D Naish
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Thomas D Naish
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5003665590
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3616-2891
authorships[1].author.display_name	Ana Luisa Trejos
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Ana Luisa Trejos
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5070188799
authorships[2].author.orcid
authorships[2].author.display_name	Dave M Walton
authorships[2].author_position	last
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Dave M Walton
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/usri/usri2021/researchoutputshowcase/191
open_access.oa_status	gold
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Development of a Low-Cost Algometer
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T14156
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
primary_topic.field.display_name	Engineering
primary_topic.score	0.05339999869465828
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2205
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Civil and Structural Engineering
primary_topic.display_name	Engineering Applied Research
cited_by_count	0
locations_count	2
best_oa_location.id	pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:usri-1196
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url
best_oa_location.version	submittedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	text
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	False
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/usri/usri2021/researchoutputshowcase/191
primary_location.id	pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:usri-1196
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url
primary_location.version	submittedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	text
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	False
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name	Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/usri/usri2021/researchoutputshowcase/191
publication_date	2021-01-01
publication_year	2021
referenced_works_count	0
abstract_inverted_index.5	169
abstract_inverted_index.N	181
abstract_inverted_index.a	131, 138, 199, 220
abstract_inverted_index.1%	96, 187
abstract_inverted_index.10	171
abstract_inverted_index.35	85
abstract_inverted_index.50	189
abstract_inverted_index.N,	190
abstract_inverted_index.an	65, 135, 142, 183
abstract_inverted_index.as	99, 101
abstract_inverted_index.at	31
abstract_inverted_index.be	41, 92, 111
abstract_inverted_index.by	27
abstract_inverted_index.in	55
abstract_inverted_index.is	208, 223
abstract_inverted_index.kg	172
abstract_inverted_index.of	25, 59, 73, 78, 117, 185
abstract_inverted_index.on	52
abstract_inverted_index.or	36
abstract_inverted_index.to	43, 63, 84, 91, 94, 110, 113, 129
abstract_inverted_index.up	83
abstract_inverted_index.156	180
abstract_inverted_index.The	144, 164
abstract_inverted_index.and	76, 97, 141, 152, 170, 191, 195, 216
abstract_inverted_index.are	10, 16
abstract_inverted_index.can	19, 39, 50, 68, 176
abstract_inverted_index.for	8
abstract_inverted_index.its	192
abstract_inverted_index.low	203
abstract_inverted_index.not	11, 209
abstract_inverted_index.the	6, 23, 29, 45, 70, 88, 107, 121, 123, 147, 157, 206, 233
abstract_inverted_index.was	62, 127, 166, 214
abstract_inverted_index.Many	0
abstract_inverted_index.also	40
abstract_inverted_index.cell	159
abstract_inverted_index.each	154
abstract_inverted_index.from	3, 238
abstract_inverted_index.goal	58
abstract_inverted_index.have	51
abstract_inverted_index.help	20
abstract_inverted_index.lbs.	86
abstract_inverted_index.load	139, 158
abstract_inverted_index.made	98
abstract_inverted_index.most	79
abstract_inverted_index.pain	26, 33, 53, 74
abstract_inverted_index.that	18, 47, 67, 219
abstract_inverted_index.this	60, 226
abstract_inverted_index.used	42
abstract_inverted_index.well	13
abstract_inverted_index.will	230
abstract_inverted_index.with	149, 182, 202, 225, 235
abstract_inverted_index.work	229
abstract_inverted_index.$150.	105
abstract_inverted_index.Also,	87
abstract_inverted_index.ESP32	145
abstract_inverted_index.about	95
abstract_inverted_index.allow	114
abstract_inverted_index.below	104
abstract_inverted_index.cell,	140
abstract_inverted_index.cost.	204
abstract_inverted_index.final	174, 200
abstract_inverted_index.force	30, 161
abstract_inverted_index.pain,	5
abstract_inverted_index.pain.	240
abstract_inverted_index.parts	194
abstract_inverted_index.range	72
abstract_inverted_index.setup	207
abstract_inverted_index.using	134, 168
abstract_inverted_index.value	162
abstract_inverted_index.which	9, 32, 81
abstract_inverted_index.while	119, 156
abstract_inverted_index.Future	228
abstract_inverted_index.always	12
abstract_inverted_index.around	186
abstract_inverted_index.beyond	179, 188
abstract_inverted_index.create	130
abstract_inverted_index.design	125, 175
abstract_inverted_index.ensure	198
abstract_inverted_index.forces	178
abstract_inverted_index.nature	24
abstract_inverted_index.needed	90, 109
abstract_inverted_index.normal	71
abstract_inverted_index.people	1, 236
abstract_inverted_index.ranges	82
abstract_inverted_index.result	89
abstract_inverted_index.setup.	227
abstract_inverted_index.suffer	2
abstract_inverted_index.Lastly,	106
abstract_inverted_index.becomes	34
abstract_inverted_index.chronic	4, 239
abstract_inverted_index.develop	64
abstract_inverted_index.effects	46
abstract_inverted_index.freedom	116
abstract_inverted_index.healthy	56
abstract_inverted_index.ideally	103
abstract_inverted_index.inputs.	163
abstract_inverted_index.meaning	218
abstract_inverted_index.measure	69, 177
abstract_inverted_index.minimal	193
abstract_inverted_index.process	126
abstract_inverted_index.project	61
abstract_inverted_index.reasons	7
abstract_inverted_index.require	231
abstract_inverted_index.summer,	122
abstract_inverted_index.tested,	217
abstract_inverted_index.testing	232
abstract_inverted_index.Although	205
abstract_inverted_index.accuracy	184
abstract_inverted_index.accurate	93
abstract_inverted_index.explored	215
abstract_inverted_index.exterior	197
abstract_inverted_index.external	48
abstract_inverted_index.followed	128
abstract_inverted_index.movement	118
abstract_inverted_index.possible	224
abstract_inverted_index.provided	146, 160
abstract_inverted_index.wireless	221
abstract_inverted_index.Bluetooth	150, 212
abstract_inverted_index.algometer	66, 108, 133, 148, 165, 234
abstract_inverted_index.currently	210
abstract_inverted_index.determine	44
abstract_inverted_index.patients,	80
abstract_inverted_index.possible,	102
abstract_inverted_index.prototype	201
abstract_inverted_index.suffering	237
abstract_inverted_index.tolerance	54
abstract_inverted_index.wireless,	112, 211
abstract_inverted_index.3D-printed	196
abstract_inverted_index.Algometers	15, 38
abstract_inverted_index.amplifier.	143
abstract_inverted_index.calibrated	167
abstract_inverted_index.capability	151
abstract_inverted_index.clinicians	21, 115
abstract_inverted_index.component,	155
abstract_inverted_index.connection	222
abstract_inverted_index.controlled	153
abstract_inverted_index.functional	132
abstract_inverted_index.influences	49
abstract_inverted_index.noticeable	35
abstract_inverted_index.thresholds	75
abstract_inverted_index.tolerances	77
abstract_inverted_index.understand	22
abstract_inverted_index.determining	28
abstract_inverted_index.engineering	124
abstract_inverted_index.instruments	17
abstract_inverted_index.unbearable.	37
abstract_inverted_index.understood.	14
abstract_inverted_index.ESP-WROOM-32	136
abstract_inverted_index.connectivity	213
abstract_inverted_index.people.\nThe	57
abstract_inverted_index.inexpensively	100
abstract_inverted_index.weights.\nThe	173
abstract_inverted_index.testing.\nOver	120
abstract_inverted_index.microcontroller,	137
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	3
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.44999998807907104
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Industry, innovation and infrastructure
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.20577887
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False