Development of a novel air–liquid interface airway tissue equivalent model for in vitro respiratory modeling studies Article Swipe
Timothy Leach
,
Uma Gandhi
,
Kimberly D. Reeves
,
Kristina Stumpf
,
Kenichi Okuda
,
Frank C. Marini
,
Stephen J. Walker
,
Richard C. Boucher
,
Jeannie D. Chan
,
Laura A. Cox
,
Anthony Atala
,
Sean V. Murphy
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1
The human airways are complex structures with important interactions between cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the biomechanical microenvironment. A robust, well-differentiated in vitro culture system that accurately models these interactions would provide a useful tool for studying normal and pathological airway biology. Here, we report the development and characterization of a physiologically relevant air–liquid interface (ALI) 3D airway ‘organ tissue equivalent’ (OTE) model with three novel features: native pulmonary fibroblasts, solubilized lung ECM, and hydrogel substrate with tunable stiffness and porosity. We demonstrate the versatility of the OTE model by evaluating the impact of these features on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell phenotype. Variations of this model were analyzed during 28 days of ALI culture by evaluating epithelial confluence, trans-epithelial electrical resistance, and epithelial phenotype via multispectral immuno-histochemistry and next-generation sequencing. Cultures that included both solubilized lung ECM and native pulmonary fibroblasts within the hydrogel substrate formed well-differentiated ALI cultures that maintained a barrier function and expressed mature epithelial markers relating to goblet, club, and ciliated cells. Modulation of hydrogel stiffness did not negatively impact HBE differentiation and could be a valuable variable to alter epithelial phenotype. This study highlights the feasibility and versatility of a 3D airway OTE model to model the multiple components of the human airway 3D microenvironment.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-36863-1.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 42
- References
- 77
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4381683970
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4381683970Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Development of a novel air–liquid interface airway tissue equivalent model for in vitro respiratory modeling studiesWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-06-22Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Timothy Leach, Uma Gandhi, Kimberly D. Reeves, Kristina Stumpf, Kenichi Okuda, Frank C. Marini, Stephen J. Walker, Richard C. Boucher, Jeannie D. Chan, Laura A. Cox, Anthony Atala, Sean V. MurphyList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-36863-1.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-36863-1.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Extracellular matrix, Phenotype, Cell biology, Airway, In vitro, Lung, Epithelium, Pathology, Chemistry, Biology, Immunology, Medicine, Biochemistry, Gene, Surgery, Internal medicineTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
42Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 25, 2024: 15, 2023: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
77Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4381683970 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37349353 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4381683970 |
| fwci | 6.67287809 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D002478 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Cells, Cultured |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D008168 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Lung |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D004847 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Epithelial Cells |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D010641 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Phenotype |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D016326 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Extracellular Matrix Proteins |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D020100 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Hydrogels |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D002478 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Cells, Cultured |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D008168 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Lung |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D004847 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Epithelial Cells |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D010641 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Phenotype |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D016326 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Extracellular Matrix Proteins |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D020100 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Hydrogels |
| type | article |
| title | Development of a novel air–liquid interface airway tissue equivalent model for in vitro respiratory modeling studies |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 13 |
| biblio.last_page | 10137 |
| biblio.first_page | 10137 |
| grants[0].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320306080 |
| grants[0].award_id | NIH R01 HL143076 |
| grants[0].funder_display_name | Foundation for the National Institutes of Health |
| grants[1].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320306168 |
| grants[1].award_id | MURPHY17I0 |
| grants[1].funder_display_name | Cystic Fibrosis Foundation |
| grants[2].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320317661 |
| grants[2].award_id | |
| grants[2].funder_display_name | Gilead Research Scholars |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11190 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9962000250816345 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | 3D Printing in Biomedical Research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10549 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9925000071525574 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2740 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine |
| topics[1].display_name | Neonatal Respiratory Health Research |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11651 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9916999936103821 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2740 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine |
| topics[2].display_name | Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320306080 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/00k86s890 |
| funders[0].display_name | Foundation for the National Institutes of Health |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320306168 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/00ax59295 |
| funders[1].display_name | Cystic Fibrosis Foundation |
| funders[2].id | https://openalex.org/F4320317661 |
| funders[2].ror | |
| funders[2].display_name | Gilead Research Scholars |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1890 |
| apc_list.currency | EUR |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2190 |
| apc_paid.value | 1890 |
| apc_paid.currency | EUR |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2190 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C189165786 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7795959711074829 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193825 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Extracellular matrix |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C127716648 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6436197757720947 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Phenotype |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C95444343 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6046748161315918 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Cell biology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C105922876 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5541778206825256 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423981 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Airway |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C202751555 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4894810914993286 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681 |
| concepts[4].display_name | In vitro |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2777714996 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.44241440296173096 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Lung |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C529295009 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.437729150056839 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41301 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Epithelium |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4003903269767761 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Pathology |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.3824772238731384 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.380509614944458 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C203014093 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.36576083302497864 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Immunology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.20341283082962036 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C55493867 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.10758495330810547 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Biochemistry |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C104317684 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Gene |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C141071460 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Surgery |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-matrix |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7795959711074829 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Extracellular matrix |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/phenotype |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6436197757720947 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Phenotype |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6046748161315918 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Cell biology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/airway |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5541778206825256 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Airway |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vitro |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4894810914993286 |
| keywords[4].display_name | In vitro |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/lung |
| keywords[5].score | 0.44241440296173096 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Lung |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/epithelium |
| keywords[6].score | 0.437729150056839 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Epithelium |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4003903269767761 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Pathology |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3824772238731384 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.380509614944458 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology |
| keywords[10].score | 0.36576083302497864 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Immunology |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[11].score | 0.20341283082962036 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry |
| keywords[12].score | 0.10758495330810547 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Biochemistry |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S196734849 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2045-2322 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2045-2322 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Scientific Reports |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319908 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Nature Portfolio |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319908 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-36863-1.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Scientific Reports |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:37349353 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Scientific reports |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37349353 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10287689 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10287689/pdf/41598_2023_Article_36863.pdf |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Sci Rep |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10287689 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f6aec4b9509d461d8e54e25cfb50ccb8 |
| locations[3].is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[3].license | |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | article |
| locations[3].license_id | |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2023) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/f6aec4b9509d461d8e54e25cfb50ccb8 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5113305931 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Timothy Leach |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210104154 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I100681346, https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04fves619 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Forest Institute |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210104154 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01q1y4t48 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210104154, https://openalex.org/I47251452, https://openalex.org/I859038795 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/0207ad724 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].display_name | Wake Forest University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Timothy Leach |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA., Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5107988875 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0626-6304 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Uma Gandhi |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I100681346, https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04fves619 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Forest Institute |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0207ad724 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Wake Forest University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Uma Gandhi |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5112943548 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Kimberly D. Reeves |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0207ad724 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Wake Forest University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Kimberly D Reeves |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5059485565 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-5959 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Kristina Stumpf |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I100681346, https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04fves619 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Forest Institute |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0207ad724 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | Wake Forest University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Kristina Stumpf |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5000784991 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-2730 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Kenichi Okuda |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114027177, https://openalex.org/I4210101049 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210101049 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/016978714 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210101049 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Lung Institute |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0130frc33 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Kenichi Okuda |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5090800488 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8190-6186 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Frank C. Marini |
| authorships[5].countries | US |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I100681346, https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04fves619 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Forest Institute |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0207ad724 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | Wake Forest University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Frank C Marini |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023243308 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-2366 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Stephen J. Walker |
| authorships[6].countries | US |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I100681346, https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04fves619 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Forest Institute |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0207ad724 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | Wake Forest University |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Stephen J Walker |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5001166056 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5745-3989 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Richard C. Boucher |
| authorships[7].countries | US |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114027177, https://openalex.org/I4210101049 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210101049 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/016978714 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210101049 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Lung Institute |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0130frc33 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Richard Boucher |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5010490781 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Jeannie D. Chan |
| authorships[8].countries | US |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0207ad724 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Wake Forest University |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Jeannie Chan |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5083082611 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8836-3783 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Laura A. Cox |
| authorships[9].countries | US |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0207ad724 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Wake Forest University |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Laura A Cox |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5046942201 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8186-2160 |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Anthony Atala |
| authorships[10].countries | US |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I100681346, https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. |
| authorships[10].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210104154 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04fves619 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name | Forest Institute |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210104154 |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01q1y4t48 |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210104154, https://openalex.org/I47251452, https://openalex.org/I859038795 |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].display_name | Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences |
| authorships[10].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[10].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/0207ad724 |
| authorships[10].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[10].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[10].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[10].institutions[2].display_name | Wake Forest University |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Anthony Atala |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA., Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047304857 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-2451 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | Sean V. Murphy |
| authorships[11].countries | US |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210104154 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. [email protected]. |
| authorships[11].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I100681346, https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. [email protected]. |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04fves619 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I100681346 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].display_name | Forest Institute |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210104154 |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01q1y4t48 |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210104154, https://openalex.org/I47251452, https://openalex.org/I859038795 |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].display_name | Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences |
| authorships[11].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[11].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/0207ad724 |
| authorships[11].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[11].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47251452 |
| authorships[11].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[11].institutions[2].display_name | Wake Forest University |
| authorships[11].author_position | last |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | Sean V Murphy |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].raw_affiliation_strings | Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. [email protected]., Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. [email protected]. |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-36863-1.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Development of a novel air–liquid interface airway tissue equivalent model for in vitro respiratory modeling studies |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11190 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9962000250816345 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | 3D Printing in Biomedical Research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3183465125, https://openalex.org/W2332296840, https://openalex.org/W3029486551, https://openalex.org/W4301868323, https://openalex.org/W1992973683, https://openalex.org/W4316036857, https://openalex.org/W2390728677, https://openalex.org/W2077879126, https://openalex.org/W3030676206, https://openalex.org/W652715248 |
| cited_by_count | 42 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 25 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 15 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S196734849 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2045-2322 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2045-2322 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Scientific Reports |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319908 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Nature Portfolio |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319908 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-36863-1.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Scientific Reports |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S196734849 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2045-2322 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2045-2322 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Scientific Reports |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319908 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Nature Portfolio |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319908 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-36863-1.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Scientific Reports |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1 |
| publication_date | 2023-06-22 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2022751366, https://openalex.org/W2041550275, https://openalex.org/W2110692505, https://openalex.org/W2796332721, https://openalex.org/W2125851698, https://openalex.org/W1973279448, https://openalex.org/W2116971462, https://openalex.org/W2107283165, https://openalex.org/W3124909525, https://openalex.org/W3104976980, https://openalex.org/W3047167755, https://openalex.org/W2087682858, https://openalex.org/W2793568682, https://openalex.org/W2070068902, https://openalex.org/W2742126782, https://openalex.org/W3087535476, https://openalex.org/W1977922675, https://openalex.org/W2183653130, https://openalex.org/W1525164447, https://openalex.org/W3161916565, https://openalex.org/W2792518546, https://openalex.org/W2256963343, https://openalex.org/W2540468843, https://openalex.org/W1982424614, https://openalex.org/W3185403649, https://openalex.org/W3008895845, https://openalex.org/W3006118590, https://openalex.org/W2788966615, https://openalex.org/W2800765865, https://openalex.org/W1004941119, https://openalex.org/W2232063083, https://openalex.org/W1994648960, https://openalex.org/W2161132730, https://openalex.org/W2045251194, https://openalex.org/W2052622351, https://openalex.org/W1994329884, https://openalex.org/W2022670940, https://openalex.org/W1829351585, https://openalex.org/W2953720914, https://openalex.org/W3165104736, https://openalex.org/W3101697142, https://openalex.org/W2027745840, https://openalex.org/W2115464612, https://openalex.org/W3037251556, https://openalex.org/W2139040816, https://openalex.org/W3022139798, https://openalex.org/W2975559569, https://openalex.org/W2165439432, https://openalex.org/W1993117939, https://openalex.org/W2032334748, https://openalex.org/W433657164, https://openalex.org/W1797883911, https://openalex.org/W2062461864, https://openalex.org/W2522881241, https://openalex.org/W2035483801, https://openalex.org/W2945553081, https://openalex.org/W2042022714, https://openalex.org/W2586859855, https://openalex.org/W2580798654, https://openalex.org/W2031052180, https://openalex.org/W2080746003, https://openalex.org/W2153645244, https://openalex.org/W2806088584, https://openalex.org/W3165837442, https://openalex.org/W3087341089, https://openalex.org/W2993441252, https://openalex.org/W2044371569, https://openalex.org/W2746127474, https://openalex.org/W2574405809, https://openalex.org/W1998914462, https://openalex.org/W2036897871, https://openalex.org/W2157107905, https://openalex.org/W3112677693, https://openalex.org/W626616764, https://openalex.org/W3213903950, https://openalex.org/W2291519837, https://openalex.org/W1567281461 |
| referenced_works_count | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 34, 52, 154, 182, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.28 | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3D | 58, 198, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 91, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 51, 87, 95, 106, 114, 170, 196, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 163, 185, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ALI | 115, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ECM | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HBE | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.OTE | 89, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 16, 40, 49, 75, 81, 124, 130, 140, 157, 166, 179, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.did | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 17, 47, 85, 88, 93, 145, 192, 204, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.via | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ECM, | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.days | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lung | 73, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 27, 134, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tool | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 7, 65, 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ALI) | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ECM) | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(HBE) | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(OTE) | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alter | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.club, | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 2, 99, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 64, 90, 108, 201, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.novel | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 30, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vitro | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.would | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.airway | 42, 59, 199, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells, | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells. | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formed | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 94, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.matrix | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mature | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.native | 69, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.normal | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.report | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tissue | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.useful | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.airways | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.barrier | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complex | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.culture | 25, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.goblet, | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.markers | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.robust, | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tunable | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cultures | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biology. | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ciliated | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cultures | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.features | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.function | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrogel | 76, 146, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proteins | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relating | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relevant | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studying | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.valuable | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variable | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.‘organ | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bronchial | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expressed | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.features: | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interface | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phenotype | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.porosity. | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pulmonary | 70, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stiffness | 80, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.substrate | 77, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Modulation | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Variations | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accurately | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electrical | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.epithelial | 101, 119, 125, 160, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluating | 92, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlights | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maintained | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.negatively | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phenotype. | 104, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structures | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confluence, | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feasibility | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fibroblasts | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistance, | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequencing. | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solubilized | 72, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.versatility | 86, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.air–liquid | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fibroblasts, | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interactions | 9, 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathological | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biomechanical | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equivalent’ | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extracellular | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multispectral | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differentiation | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.next-generation | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physiologically | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterization | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trans-epithelial | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microenvironment. | 19, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well-differentiated | 22, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immuno-histochemistry | 129 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 12 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.96777881 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |