Development of Synchronized High-Sensitivity Wireless Accelerometer for Structural Health Monitoring Article Swipe
Shaik Althaf V. Shajihan
,
Raymond Chow
,
Kirill Mechitov
,
Yuguang Fu
,
Tu Hoang
,
Billie F. Spencer
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154169
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154169
The use of digital accelerometers featuring high sensitivity and low noise levels in wireless smart sensors (WSSs) is becoming increasingly common for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Improvements in the design of Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) based digital accelerometers allow for high resolution sensing required for SHM with low power consumption suitable for WSSs. However, new approaches are needed to synchronize data from these sensors. Data synchronization is essential in wireless smart sensor networks (WSSNs) for accurate condition assessment of structures and reduced false-positive indications of damage. Efforts to achieve synchronized data sampling from multiple WSS nodes with digital accelerometers have been lacking, primarily because these sensors feature an internal Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) to which the host platform has no direct access. The result is increased uncertainty in the ADC startup time and thus worse synchronization among sensors. In this study, a high-sensitivity digital accelerometer is integrated with a next-generation WSS platform, the Xnode. An adaptive iterative algorithm is used to characterize these delays without the need for a dedicated evaluation setup and hardware-level access to the ADC. Extensive tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the accelerometer experimentally. Overall time-synchronization achieved is under 15 µs, demonstrating the efficacy of this approach for synchronization of critical SHM applications.
Related Topics
Concepts
Accelerometer
Synchronization (alternating current)
Sensitivity (control systems)
Computer science
Wireless
Structural health monitoring
Real-time computing
Electronic engineering
Wireless sensor network
Noise (video)
Embedded system
Engineering
Electrical engineering
Telecommunications
Computer network
Artificial intelligence
Channel (broadcasting)
Operating system
Image (mathematics)
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154169
- https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4169/pdf?version=1595849061
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 39
- References
- 37
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3044769629
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3044769629Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154169Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Development of Synchronized High-Sensitivity Wireless Accelerometer for Structural Health MonitoringWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-07-27Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Shaik Althaf V. Shajihan, Raymond Chow, Kirill Mechitov, Yuguang Fu, Tu Hoang, Billie F. SpencerList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154169Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4169/pdf?version=1595849061Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4169/pdf?version=1595849061Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Accelerometer, Synchronization (alternating current), Sensitivity (control systems), Computer science, Wireless, Structural health monitoring, Real-time computing, Electronic engineering, Wireless sensor network, Noise (video), Embedded system, Engineering, Electrical engineering, Telecommunications, Computer network, Artificial intelligence, Channel (broadcasting), Operating system, Image (mathematics)Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
39Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 6, 2024: 9, 2023: 4, 2022: 8, 2021: 9Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
37Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3044769629 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154169 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154169 |
| ids.mag | 3044769629 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32727037 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3044769629 |
| fwci | 2.35690494 |
| type | article |
| title | Development of Synchronized High-Sensitivity Wireless Accelerometer for Structural Health Monitoring |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G718100962 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320327695 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | SOE2017003 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Nazarbayev University |
| biblio.issue | 15 |
| biblio.volume | 20 |
| biblio.last_page | 4169 |
| biblio.first_page | 4169 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10369 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9969000220298767 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T13885 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9916999936103821 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2212 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Ocean Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Geophysics and Sensor Technology |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10205 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9914000034332275 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320327695 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/052bx8q98 |
| funders[0].display_name | Nazarbayev University |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2400 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2598 |
| apc_paid.value | 2400 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2598 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C89805583 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9021053314208984 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Accelerometer |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2778562939 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6415026187896729 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Synchronization (alternating current) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C21200559 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5924292206764221 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Sensitivity (control systems) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5374534726142883 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C555944384 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5338754653930664 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Wireless |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2776247918 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5148612856864929 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Structural health monitoring |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C79403827 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5117254257202148 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Real-time computing |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C24326235 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.49599489569664 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Electronic engineering |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C24590314 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4798016846179962 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Wireless sensor network |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C99498987 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.45463791489601135 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Noise (video) |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C149635348 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3964279890060425 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Embedded system |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.3863629400730133 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C119599485 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.2351665496826172 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C76155785 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.14451053738594055 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Telecommunications |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C31258907 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.12352505326271057 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Computer network |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.09739422798156738 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C127162648 |
| concepts[16].level | 2 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.08181753754615784 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Channel (broadcasting) |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Operating system |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C115961682 |
| concepts[18].level | 2 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Image (mathematics) |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9021053314208984 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Accelerometer |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6415026187896729 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Synchronization (alternating current) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5924292206764221 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Sensitivity (control systems) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5374534726142883 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5338754653930664 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Wireless |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-health-monitoring |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5148612856864929 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Structural health monitoring |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5117254257202148 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Real-time computing |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering |
| keywords[7].score | 0.49599489569664 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Electronic engineering |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4798016846179962 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Wireless sensor network |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/noise |
| keywords[9].score | 0.45463791489601135 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Noise (video) |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3964279890060425 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Embedded system |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[11].score | 0.3863629400730133 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering |
| keywords[12].score | 0.2351665496826172 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications |
| keywords[13].score | 0.14451053738594055 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Telecommunications |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network |
| keywords[14].score | 0.12352505326271057 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Computer network |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[15].score | 0.09739422798156738 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/channel |
| keywords[16].score | 0.08181753754615784 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Channel (broadcasting) |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/s20154169 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Sensors |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4169/pdf?version=1595849061 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Sensors |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154169 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:32727037 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32727037 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d670d9a5f49c4d4d814fcf49c5b74388 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 15, p 4169 (2020) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/d670d9a5f49c4d4d814fcf49c5b74388 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/15/4169/ |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].license | cc-by |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 15; Pages: 4169 |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154169 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7436125 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[4].license | other-oa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | Text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Sensors (Basel) |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7436125 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5028148182 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-4983 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Shaik Althaf V. Shajihan |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/047426m28 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Shaik Veluthedath Shajihan |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5086605917 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Raymond Chow |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I123919768 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Epson America Inc., San Jose, CA 95112, USA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I123919768 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05ykp4255 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I123919768, https://openalex.org/I4210155314 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Epson (United States) |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Raymond Chow |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Epson America Inc., San Jose, CA 95112, USA |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5058622362 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-4415 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Kirill Mechitov |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/047426m28 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Kirill Mechitov |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5002684705 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7125-0961 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Yuguang Fu |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I219193219 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I219193219 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02dqehb95 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I219193219 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Purdue University West Lafayette |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Yuguang Fu |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5113272031 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Tu Hoang |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/047426m28 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Tu Hoang |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5000232588 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-7908 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Billie F. Spencer |
| authorships[5].countries | US |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Anne M. and Nathan M. Endowed Chair in Civil Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/047426m28 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Billie Spencer |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Anne M. and Nathan M. Endowed Chair in Civil Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4169/pdf?version=1595849061 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2020-07-29T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Development of Synchronized High-Sensitivity Wireless Accelerometer for Structural Health Monitoring |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10369 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9969000220298767 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2765080098, https://openalex.org/W2385749422, https://openalex.org/W2355290145, https://openalex.org/W2353465659, https://openalex.org/W2009888974, https://openalex.org/W2355539379, https://openalex.org/W2056341223, https://openalex.org/W3023105672, https://openalex.org/W2359831757, https://openalex.org/W2241383474 |
| cited_by_count | 39 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 8 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/s20154169 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Sensors |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4169/pdf?version=1595849061 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Sensors |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154169 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/s20154169 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Sensors |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4169/pdf?version=1595849061 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Sensors |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154169 |
| publication_date | 2020-07-27 |
| publication_year | 2020 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4323840613, https://openalex.org/W2033428218, https://openalex.org/W2793434078, https://openalex.org/W2913316543, https://openalex.org/W2926663602, https://openalex.org/W2003791375, https://openalex.org/W2966468471, https://openalex.org/W2829124299, https://openalex.org/W1500657621, https://openalex.org/W2094636498, https://openalex.org/W2105666891, https://openalex.org/W2069713903, https://openalex.org/W1966071192, https://openalex.org/W2611610561, https://openalex.org/W2098390011, https://openalex.org/W2020797024, https://openalex.org/W2958006772, https://openalex.org/W6652059729, https://openalex.org/W1966163611, https://openalex.org/W2905384394, https://openalex.org/W2070274580, https://openalex.org/W2129868767, https://openalex.org/W3195044831, https://openalex.org/W2967918197, https://openalex.org/W6750302401, https://openalex.org/W2049629393, https://openalex.org/W2344390031, https://openalex.org/W6774274446, https://openalex.org/W2044276152, https://openalex.org/W2983591753, https://openalex.org/W3108440041, https://openalex.org/W1513026732, https://openalex.org/W2006862948, https://openalex.org/W1601799727, https://openalex.org/W1604465848, https://openalex.org/W3008693332, https://openalex.org/W2795246931 |
| referenced_works_count | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 143, 150, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.15 | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.An | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 12, 28, 69, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 17, 67, 126, 147, 160, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 31, 79, 85, 188, 202, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 59, 88, 111, 115, 162, 177, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ADC | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SHM | 46, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.WSS | 95, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 8, 81, 134, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 57, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 21, 40, 45, 52, 75, 169, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 9, 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 29, 117, 130, 154, 167, 178, 186, 189, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ADC. | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Data | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 61, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 62, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 6, 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.host | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 141, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thus | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 47, 97, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.µs, | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ADC) | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SHM) | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Micro | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.WSSs. | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.allow | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nodes | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noise | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.setup | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.smart | 14, 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tests | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 63, 105, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worse | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MEMS) | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(WSSs) | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Analog | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.System | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Xnode. | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.access | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delays | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.direct | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.levels | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.needed | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.result | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensor | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study, | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(WSSNs) | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Digital | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Efforts | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Overall | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.access. | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieve | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.because | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damage. | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.digital | 3, 37, 98, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feature | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensing | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensors | 15, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.startup | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accurate | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adaptive | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.becoming | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficacy | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.internal | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lacking, | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.networks | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.platform | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.required | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sampling | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensors. | 64, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suitable | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wireless | 13, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Converter | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Extensive | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.condition | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dedicated | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.essential | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.featuring | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.iterative | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.platform, | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primarily | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approaches | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluation | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrated | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resolution | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structural | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structures | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consumption | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indications | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensitivity | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synchronize | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncertainty | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Improvements | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterize | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasingly | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synchronized | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accelerometer | 146, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications. | 26, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrating | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accelerometers | 4, 38, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.false-positive | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hardware-level | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimentally. | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.next-generation | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synchronization | 66, 137, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-sensitivity | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Electro-Mechanical | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time-synchronization | 193 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5000232588 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I157725225 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.75 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.89860083 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |